Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 April 2015
We report the occurrence of the sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp Synalpheus dardeaui (Decapoda: Alpheidae) for the first time from Porto Seguro (Bahia, Brazil) and record an additional sponge host for the species, Ircinia cf. strobilina. Synalpheus dardeaui was previously known from Florida and some localities in the Caribbean Sea. Therefore, the present finding represents the first record of the species in the south-western Atlantic, extending its southern distribution limit by a latitude of 28° from Curaçao (12°N) to Porto Seguro (16°S). Variations between the Brazilian and Florida–Caribbean materials are discussed and illustrated.