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Settlement, Environment, and Politics in the San Bartolo-Xultun Territory, El Peten, Guatemala

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Thomas G. Garrison  and
Nicholas P. Dunning
Thomas G. Garrison
Affiliation:
Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World/Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Box 1837, Providence, RI 02912 ([email protected])
Nicholas P. Dunning
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, 401 Braunstein Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0131 ([email protected])
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Abstract

This article examines the cultural and ecological history of a single Maya territory from circa 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1100. An ancient Maya territory is defined as an area of land and population under the jurisdiction of a particular capital. In addition to the capital, there are minor centers, household groups, and temporary settlements, which together comprise the population of a territory. Here, the San Bartolo-Xultun territory in the northeastern Department of the Peten, Guatemala is used as a case study. During more than two thousand years of occupation the natural landscape and cultural settlement pattern changed dramatically. This study isolates major factors contributing to broad changes in local culture history by employing data from archaeology, geography, remote sensing, epigraphy, and iconography. It is argued that reconstructing regional culture histories using a conjunctive approach should be a major goal of Maya archaeology in the coming years as we strive for a more holistic understanding of the past.

Este artículo examina la historia cultural y ecológica de un territorio maya desde aproximadamente 1000 años hasta 1100 d.C. Dentro de la civilización Maya, un territorio puede ser definido como un área de tierra y población bajo la jurisdicción de una capital particular. Adicionalmente a la capital, hay centros menores, grupos residenciales y asentamientos temporales, los cuales unidos conforman la población entera de un territorio. En este articulo se emplea el territorio San Bartolo-Xultun en el noreste del Peten, Guatemala, como un ejemplo primario. Durante más de dos mil años de ocupación, el paisaje natural y el patrón de asentamiento cultural fueron cambiando drásticamente. Este estudio pretende aislar los factores predominantes que contribuyeron a que grandes permutaciones se generaran en la historia cultural local, basándose en la investigación arqueológica, la geografía, teledetección (censores remotos), epigrafía, e iconografía. Se sugiere que la reconstrucción de historias culturales regionales empleando una metodología conjuntiva debe ser la meta principal de la arqueología maya en los próximos años mientras los investigadores indagan una comprensión más holística del pasado.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , December 2009 , pp. 525 - 552
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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