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A Note on the King Kundungga of the East Borneo Inscriptions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2009

Joseph Minattur
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Extract

“The illustrious king, the excellent Kundungga…” so runs one of the yupas, the sacrificial posts of stones found at Kutei in Muara Kanam on the Mahakam in East Borneo.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Southeast Asian History , Volume 5 , Issue 2 , September 1964 , pp. 181 - 183
Copyright
Copyright © The National University of Singapore 1964

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References

1. Krom, N. J., Hindu-Javaansche GeschiedenisGoogle Scholar, translated by Sarkar, H. B., Journal of the Greater India Society, Vol. XVI, Nos. 1 & 2 (1957), 1 at p. 7Google Scholar.

In Vlekke, B. H. M. the translation appears as “The famous prince Kundunga the Eminent…” Nusantara (1959), p. 21.Google Scholar

2. id, p. 9.

3. ibid footnote. See also Chhabra, JMBRAS, Vol. XV, part 3 (1937) pp. 118–9Google Scholar; and JGIS, Vol. XII (1945) pp. 14–17.Google Scholar

4. Such compounds formed from Dravidian and Sanskrit words are not uncommon in some of the Dravidian languages; for instance, in Malayalam one comes across a compound like manalaranyam where Mal. manal (sand) is combined with Sanskrit aranya (forest) to mean a desert (lit. a forest of sand).

5. Wilkinson, R. J., A Malay-English Dictionary (1955) p. 782.Google Scholar

6. See DrGundert, 's Malayalam-English Dictionary (Second Edition, 1962) pp. 240–1Google Scholar Kanam also connotes usufructuary mortgage. Pronounced slightly differently, means a jungle. Could it be that Muara Kanam meant forest area near the mouth of a river?

7. Krom, N. J., op. cit. p. 9Google Scholar, where he states: “Indians are naturally the twice-born”.

8. For instance, names like Kuti and Tanka in Javanese history.

9. Moorhead, F. J.., A History of Malaya and her Neighbours, (1957) p. 35.Google Scholar