Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T16:40:14.611Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Role of Monetary and Non-Monetary Job Quality Components in Determining Welfare Exit

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2020

NETTA ACHDUT Open the ORCID record for NETTA ACHDUT [Opens in a new window]  and
HAYA STIER
NETTA ACHDUT
Affiliation:
Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva8410501Israel, email: [email protected]
HAYA STIER
Affiliation:
Department of Labor Studies and Department of Sociology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978Israel, email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Contemporary welfare policies in many Western countries limit means tested public assistance for the long-term unemployed and spur rapid movement into the labor market. Studies on welfare use determinants that traced these policy changes focused on individuals’ characteristics, economic condition, and various policy components. Little attention was paid to welfare recipients’ job quality or its role in determining welfare exit. The present study examined the contribution of various job quality aspects, beyond wages, to welfare exit among welfare recipients in Israel. We considered the use of workers’ own skills and occupation, existence of standard employment contract (versus temporary), irregular work schedule, and application of mandatory and non-mandatory non-wage compensation attributes. The data derive from a national panel survey of 2,800 single-mother recipients of welfare in 2003. The results indicate the importance of these job components for welfare exit, above and beyond wages. Implications for policy are discussed.

Keywords

job qualityIsraelmonetary attributesnon-monetary attributeswelfare exitwelfare recipients
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Social Policy , Volume 50 , Issue 1 , January 2021 , pp. 79 - 103
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Additional results and copies of the computer programs used to generate the results presented in the paper are available from the lead author at [email protected]. However, the data used in this study belongs to the Ministry of Economic (formerly the Ministry of Industry Trade and Labor) of the State of Israel, and therefore are not publicly available.

References

Achdut, N. (2016), The differential role of human capital and health in explaining welfare exit-route and labor outcomes. International Journal of Social Welfare, 25(3), 235–246.10.1111/ijsw.12200CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Achdut, N. and Stier, H. (2016), Long-term employment and earnings patterns of welfare recipients: The role of the local labor market. Social Service Review, 90(4), 647–682.10.1086/689203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Achdut, N. and Stier, H. (2018), Welfare use accumulation and chronic dependency: The role of structural factors. Journal of Social Policy, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279418000843Google Scholar
Acs, G. and Loprest, P. (2001), The status of TANF leavers in the District of Columbia: Final report. Washington DC: The Urban Institute.Google Scholar
Acs, G. and Loprest, P. (2005), Who are low-income working families? Washington DC: The Urban Institute.Google Scholar
Allen, J. and van der Velden, R. (2001), Educational mismatches versus skills mismatches: Effect on wages, job satisfaction, and on-the-job search. Oxford Economic Papers, 53(3), 434–452.10.1093/oep/53.3.434CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M. and Shockley, K. M. (2013), Work-family conflict and the flexible work arrangments: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345–376.10.1111/peps.12012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arends, I., Prinz, C. and Abma, F. (2017), Job quality, health and at-work productivity. Paris: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers Series, Working Paper No. 195. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/employment/job-quality-health-and-at-work-productivity_43ff6bdc-en#:~:text=Health%20influences%20the%20relationship%20between,the%20work%20environment%20and%20productivity.&text=More%20attention%20needs%20to%20be,work%20environment%20may%20influence%20this.Google Scholar
Bäckman, O. and Bergmark, A. (2011), Escaping welfare? Social assistance dynamics in Sweden. Journal of European Social Policy, 21 (5): 486–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bank of Israel (2007), Annual Report 2007. Jerusalem: Bank of Israel (Hebrew),Google Scholar
Becker, G. S. (1975), Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (2nd ed.), New York: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER).Google Scholar
Becker, G. S. (1981), A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bentele, K. G. and Nicoli, L. T. (2012), Ending access as we know it: State welfare benefit coverage in the TANF era, Social Service Review, 86(2), 223–368.10.1086/666735CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergmark, A. and Bäckman, O. (2004), Stuck with welfare? Long-term social assistance recipiency in Sweden. European Sociological Review, 20(5), 425–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, R. M. (2003), U.S. welfare reform: What’s relevant for Europe? CESifo Economic Studies, 49(1), 49–74.10.1093/cesifo/49.1.49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, R. M. (2006), What did the 1990s welfare reform accomplish? In Auerbach, A. J., Card, D. and Quigley, J. M. (Eds.), Public policy and income distribution (pp. 33–79), New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Blank, R. M. and Kovak, B. (2009), The growing problem of disconnected single mothers. In Heinrich, C.J. and Scholz, J.K. (Eds.), Making the work-based safety net work better (pp. 227–258), New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Bonde, J. P. (2008), Psychosocial factors at work and risk of depression: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 65(7), 438–445.10.1136/oem.2007.038430CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burtless, G. (1995), International trade and the rise in earnings inequality. Journal of Economic Literature, 33(2), 800–816.Google Scholar
Caroli, E. and Godard, M. (2016), Does job insecurity deteriorate health? Health Economics, 25(2), 131–147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caruso, C. C. (2006), Possible Broad Impacts of Long Work Hours. Industrial Health, 44(4), 531–536.10.2486/indhealth.44.531CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chung, S. A., Wolf, T. K. and Shapiro, C. M. (2009), Sleep and Health Consequences of Shift Work in Women. Journal of Women’s Health 18 (7), 965–77.10.1089/jwh.2007.0742CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, A.E. (2005), Your money or your life: Changing job quality in OECD countries. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 43(3), 377–400.10.1111/j.1467-8543.2005.00361.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahl, S., Nesheim, T. and Olson, K.M. (2009), Quality of work. Concept and measurement. In Guillén, A.M. and Dahl, S. (Eds.), Quality of work in the European Union: concept, data and debates from a transnational perspective (pp.19–40), New York: P.I.E. Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Danziger, S. and Johnson, R.C. (2004), From the welfare roll to the low wage labor market. University of Michigan: Ford School of Public Policy. Retrieved from http://fordschool.umich.edu/research/poverty/pdf/Danziger-Johnson-Dec15_edit.pdfGoogle Scholar
Davis, O. (2019), What is the relationship between benefit conditionality and mental health? Evidence from the United States on TANF policies. Journal of Social Policy, 48(2), 249–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Witte, H., Pienaar, J. and De Cuyper, N. (2016), Review of 30 Years of Longitudinal Studies on the Association Between Job Insecurity and Health and Well-Being: Is There Causal Evidence? Australian Psychologist, 51(1), 18–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, H. (2003), Re-conceptualising welfare-to-work for people with multiple problems and needs. Journal of Social Policy, 32(3), 441–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drahokoupil, J. and Piasna, A. (2017), What drives wage gaps in Europe? Brussels: European Trade Union Institute Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 2017.04. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/netta/Downloads/SSRN-id3047147.pdfCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dumont, M., Rayp, G. and Willemé, P. (2012), The bargaining position of low-skilled and high-skilled workers in a globalising world. Labour Economics, 19(3), 312–319.10.1016/j.labeco.2012.02.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, S. and Edwards, R. (1996), Lone Mothers and Paid Work: Neighborhoods, Local Labor Markets, and Welfare State Regimes, Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 3(2-3), 195–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dupre, K. E. and Day, A. L. (2007), The effect of supportive management and job quality on the turnover intentions and health of military personnel. Human Resource Management, 46(2), 185–20.10.1002/hrm.20156CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enchautegui, M. E. (2013), Nonstandard Work Schedules and the Well-Being of Low-Income Families. Washington, DC: Urban Institute. Retrieved from https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/32696/412877-Nonstandard-Work-Schedules-and-the-Well-being-of-Low-Income-Families.PDFGoogle Scholar
Enchautegui, M. E., Johnson, M. and Gelatt, J. (2015), Who Minds the Kids When Mom Works a Nonstandard Schedule? Washington, DC: Urban Institute. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/64696/2000307-Who-Minds-the-Kids-When-Mom-Works-a-Nonstandard-Schedule.pdfGoogle Scholar
Eurofound (2012), Trends in job quality in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.Google Scholar
Eurofound (2018), Does employment status matter for job quality? Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.Google Scholar
Even-Zohar, A. and Garby, A. (2016), Great-Grandparents’ Role Perception and Its Contribution to Their Quality of Life. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 14(3), 197–219.10.1080/15350770.2016.1195246CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finn, D. and Gloster, R. (2010), Lone parents’ obligations: A review of recent evidence on the work-related requirements within the benefit system of different countries. UK: Department for Work and Pensions Research Report Series (Research Report no. 632).Google Scholar
Foley, K. and Schwartz, S. (2003), Earnings supplements and job quality among former welfare recipients: Evidence from the Self-Sufficiency Project. Industrial Relations, 582 (2), 258–286.10.7202/007304arCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallie, D., Felstead, A. and Green, F. (2012), Job preferences and the intrinsic quality of work: the changing attitudes of British employees 1992–2006. Work, Employment and Society, 26(5) 806–21.10.1177/0950017012451633CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, F. (2006), Demanding Work: The Paradox of Job Quality in the Affluent Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Green, F. (2011), What is skill? An inter-disciplinary synthesis. London: Centre for Learning and Life Changes in Knowledge Economies and Societies.Google Scholar
Greenberg, D.H., Michalopoulos, C. and Robins, P.K. (2003), A meta-analysis of government sponsored training programs. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 57 (1), 31–53.10.1177/001979390305700102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckman, J. J. (1979), Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error. Econometrica, 47(1), 153–161.10.2307/1912352CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heflin, C. (2003), Exit route from welfare: Examining psycho-social, demographic and human capital factors. University of Kentucky: Center of Poverty Discussion Paper Series (Discussion Paper No. 2003-03), Retrieved from http://www.ukcpr.org/Publications/DP2003-03.pdfGoogle Scholar
Henly, J. R. and Lambert, S. J. (2014), Unpredictable Work Timing in Retail Jobs: Implications for Employee Work-Life Conflict. ILR Review, 67(3), 986–1016.10.1177/0019793914537458CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henseke, G. (2018), Good jobs, good pay, better health? The effects of job quality on health among older European workers. The European Journal of Health Economics, 19(1), 59–73.10.1007/s10198-017-0867-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henson, R. K. and Roberts, J. K. (2006), Use of exploratory factor analysis in published research: Common errors and some comment on improved practice. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(3), 393–416.10.1177/0013164405282485CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. and Snyderman, B. (1959), The motivation to work. New York: Wiley Press.Google Scholar
Holman, D. and Rafferty, A. (2018), The convergence and divergence of job discretion between occupations and institutional regimes in Europe from 1995 to 2010. Journal of Management Studies, 55(4), 619–647.10.1111/joms.12265CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holzer, H. R., Stoll, M. A. and Wissoker, D. (2004), Job performance and retention among welfare recipients. Social Service Review, 78(3), 343–369.10.1086/421917CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. C. (2007), Wage and job dynamics after welfare reform: The importance of job skills. Research in Labor Economics, 26, 231–298.10.1016/S0147-9121(06)26007-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. C. and Corcoran, M. E. (2003), The road to economic self-sufficiency: Job quality and job transition patterns after welfare reform. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 22(4), 615–639.10.1002/pam.10158CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juon, H. S., Green, K. M., Fothergill, K. E., Kasper, J. D., Thorpe, R. J. and Ensminger, M. E. (2009), Welfare receipt trajectories of African-American women followed for 30 years. Journal of Urban Health, 87(1), 76–94.10.1007/s11524-009-9413-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalleberg, A. L. (2008), The mismatched worker: When people don’t fit their jobs. Academy of Management Perspectives, 22(1), 24–40.10.5465/amp.2008.31217510CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Killingsworth, M. R. and Heckman, J. J. (1986), Female labor supply. In Handbook of labor economics, Vol. 1. Edited by Ashenfelter, O. and Layard, R.. New York: North-Holland, pp. 103–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kivimaki, M., Virtanen, M., Elovainio, M., Kouvonen, A., Vaananen, A. and Vahtera, J. (2006), Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease–a meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health, 32(6), 431–442.10.5271/sjweh.1049CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, J. (2010), Welfare-to-work programs and the dynamics of TANF use. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31(2), 198–211.10.1007/s10834-010-9180-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J. (2012), The effects of welfare-to-work programs on welfare recipients’ employment outcomes. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 33(1), 130–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kluve, J. (2010), The effectiveness of European active labor market programs. Labour Economics, 17(6), 904–918.10.1016/j.labeco.2010.02.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Königs, S. (2018), Micro-level dynamics of social assistance receipt: Evidence from four European countries. International Journal of Social Welfare, 27(2), 146–156CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lightman, E., Mitchell, A. and Herd, D. (2010), Cycling off and on welfare in Canada. Journal of Social Policy, 39(4), 523–542.10.1017/S0047279410000279CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loprest, P. (2003), Fewer welfare leavers employed in weak economy. Snapshots of America’s Families III, No. 5. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.Google Scholar
Loprest, P. and Nichols, A. (2011), Dynamics of being disconnected from work and TANF. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.Google Scholar
Loprest, P. and Zedlewski, S. (2006), The changing role of welfare in the lives of low-income families with children. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.Google Scholar
McGovern, P., Smeaton, D. and Hill, S. (2004), Bad jobs in Britain, Nonstandard employment and job quality. Work and Occupations, 31 (2), 225–249.10.1177/0730888404263900CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milner, A., Butterworth, P., Bentley, R., Kavanagh, A. M. and LaMontagne, A. D. (2015), Sickness absence and psychosocial job quality: An analysis from a longitudinal survey of working Australians, 2005–2012. American Journal of Epidemiology, 181(10), 781–788.10.1093/aje/kwu355CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mincer, J. and Polachek, S. (1974), Family investment in human capital: Earning and women. Journal of Political Economy, 82(2), 76–108.10.1086/260293CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs and Social Services (2018), Retrieved from: http://employment.molsa.gov.il/Employment/WorkRights/TermsOfEmployment/Absence/Pages/AnnualVacation.aspx#GovXParagraphTitle5Google Scholar
Moore, Q., Wood, R. G. and Rangarajan, A. (2012), The dynamics of women disconnected from employment and welfare. Social Service Review, 86(1), 93–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munsch, C. L. (2016), Flexible work, flexible penalties: The effect of gender, childcare, and type of request on the flexibility bias. Social Forces, 94(4), 1567–1591.10.1093/sf/sov122CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nam, Y. (2005), The roles of employment barriers in welfare exits and re-entries after welfare reform: Event history analyses. Social Service Review, 79(2), 268–293.10.1086/428956CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Insurance Institute (2002–2003), Annual survey. Jerusalem, Israel: National Insurance Institute (Hebrew).Google Scholar
National Insurance Institute (2008), Annual survey. Jerusalem, Israel: National Insurance Institute (Hebrew).Google Scholar
Ochel, W. (2005), Welfare-to-work experience with specific work-first programs in selected countries. International Social Security Review, 58(4), 67–93.10.1111/j.1468-246X.2005.00226.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okun, B. S. (2016), An investigation of the unexpectedly high fertility of secular, native-born Jews in Israel, Population Studies, 70(2), 239–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsen, K. M., Kalleberg, A. L. and Nesheim, T. (2010), Perceived job quality in the United States, Great Britain, Norway and West Germany, 1989-2005. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 16(3), 221–240.10.1177/0959680110375133CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OECD (2010), OECD reviews of labor market and social policies–Israel. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/israel.htmGoogle Scholar
OECD (2017), Measuring and assessing job quality. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/sdd/labour-stats/Job-quality-OECD.pdfGoogle Scholar
Piasna, A. (2017), “Bad jobs” recovery? European Job Quality Index 2005-2015. Brussels: European Trade Union Institute Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 2017.06. Retrieved from https://www.etui.org/Publications2/Working-Papers/Bad-jobs-recovery-European-Job-Quality-Index-2005-2015Google Scholar
Presser, H. B. (2005), Working in a 24/7 Economy: Challenges for American Families. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Reeves, A. and Loopstra, R. (2016), Set up to fail? How welfare conditionality undermines citizenship for vulnerable groups. Social Policy and Society, 16(2), 327–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubery, J. and Piasna, A. (2016), Labour market segmentation and the EU reform agenda: developing alternatives to the mainstream. Brussels: European Trade Union Institute Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 2016.10. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2875278Google Scholar
Shannon, M. (2009), Canadian lone mother employment rates, policy change and the US welfare reform literature. Applied Economics, 41(19), 2463–2481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seefeldt, K.S. and Orzol, S.M. (2005), Watching the clock tick: Factors associated with TANF accumulation. Social work Research, 29(4), 215–229.10.1093/swr/29.4.215CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Son, S., Dyk, P. H., Bauer, J. W. and Katras, M. J. (2011), Barriers to employment among low-income mothers in rural United States communities. International Journal of Human Ecology, 12(3), 37–49.10.6115/ljhe.2011.12.1.37CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stansfeld, S. and Candy, B. (2006), Psychosocial work environment and mental health: A meta-analytic review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 32(6), 443–462.10.5271/sjweh.1050CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stier, H. and Yaish, M. (2014), Occupational segregation and gender inequality in job quality: a multi-level approach. Work, Employment and Society, 28(2), 225–246.10.1177/0950017013510758CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stier, H. (2015), The skill-divide in job quality: A cross-national analysis of 28 countries. Social Science Research, 49, 70–80.10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.07.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tatsiramos, K. (2009), Unemployment insurance in Europe: Unemployment duration and subsequent employment stability. Journal of the European Economic Association, 7(6), 1225–1260.10.1162/JEEA.2009.7.6.1225CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, R. G., Moore, Q. and Rangarajan, A. (2008), Two steps forward, one step back: The uneven economic progress of TANF recipients. Social Service Review, 82(1), 3–28.10.1086/525035CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wooden, M., Warren, D. and Drago, R. (2009), Working Time Mismatch and Subjective Well-being. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(1), 147–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, C. H., Cancian, M. and Meyer, D. R. (2008), Standing still or moving up? Evidence from Wisconsin on the long-term employment and earnings of TANF participants. Social Work Research, 32(2), 89–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Achdut and Stier supplementary material

Appendix

Download Achdut and Stier supplementary material(File)
File 31 KB