Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T10:38:11.109Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Monodisperse SiC/vinyl ester nanocomposites: Dispersant formulation, synthesis, and characterization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Virginia Yong  and
H. Thomas Hahn
Virginia Yong
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
H. Thomas Hahn*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

A novel dispersant “mono-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl succinate” was formulated for dispersing 30-nm SiC nanoparticles in vinyl ester resin. The eight carbon rule was used as the guideline to achieve a particle–particle separation of 20 to 60 nm for colloid stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to characterize the SiC particle surfaces. Only a negligible amount of oxidized layer was observed; which illustrates that the SiC surface is basic. Thus, the Lewis base-Lewis acid reactions make the functional group –COOH an effective adsorbate to the SiC nanoparticle surface. The organofunctional group “methacrylates,” which exhibits the best wet strength with polyester copolymerizes with styrene monomers in the vinyl ester during cure. Hence, this novel dispersant also acts as an efficient coupling agent that reacts with both SiC and vinyl ester. The monolayer coverage dosage of 62 fractional wt% of the dispersant was used to attain the minimum filled resin viscosity. The multicomponent compositional imaging using atomic force microscopy confirmed the monodisperse SiC nanoparticles in vinyl ester. The 3 vol% SiC reinforced vinyl ester achieved a 75% increase in modulus, 42% increase in strength, and 75% increase in toughness as compared with the neat resin without nanofiller reinforcement.

Keywords

CompositeNanostructurePolymer
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , April 2009 , pp. 1553 - 1558
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Roco, M.C.: Nanoparticles and nanotechnology research. J. Nano-part. Res. 1, 1 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Evora, V.M.F. and Shukla, A.: Fabrication, characterization, and dynamic behavior of polyester/TiO2 nanocomposites. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 361, 358 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Yong, V. and Hahn, H.T.: Processing and properties of SiC/vinyl ester nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 15, 1338 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Yong, V. and Hahn, H.T.: Dispersant optimization using design of experiments for SiC/vinyl ester nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 16, 354 (2005).Google Scholar
5Ton-That, M.T., Perrin-Sarazin, F., Cole, K.C., Bureau, M.N., and Denault, J.: Polyolefin nanocomposites: Formulation and development. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44, 1212 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Yong, V. and Hahn, H.T.: Rheology of silicon carbide/vinyl ester nanocomposites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 102, 4365 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Preiss, H., Berger, L.M., and Braun, M.: Formation of black glasses and silicon carbide from binary carbonaceous/silica hydrogels. Carbon 33, 1739 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Conley, R.F.: Practical Dispersion (Wiley, New York, 1996).Google Scholar
9Kissa, E.: Dispersions (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1999).Google Scholar
10Surface analysis of semiconducting nanoparticles by FTIR spectroscopy, in Nanocrystalline Metals and Oxides: Selected Properties and Applications, edited by Knauth, P. and Schoonman, J. (Springer, Kluwer Academic, Boston, 2002), pp. 165–187.Google Scholar
11Okuyama, M., Garvey, G.J., Ring, T.A., and Haggerty, J.S.: Dispersion of silicon-carbide powders in nonaqueous solvents. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 72, 1918 (1989).Google Scholar
12Yu, Q.S., Kim, Y.J., and Ma, H.B.: Plasma treatment of diamond nanoparticles for dispersion improvement in water. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 231503 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Baraton, M.I. and Merhari, L.: Surface chemistry of TiO2 nanoparticles: Influence on electrical and gas sensing properties. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24, 1399 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Drake, C., Deshpande, S., and Seal, S.: Determination of free-carrier density and space charge layer variation in nanocrystalline In3+ doped tin oxides using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 143116 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Liu, F.M., Quan, B.F., Chen, L.H., Yu, L.X., and Liu, Z.Q.: Investigation on SnO2 nanopowders stored for different time and BaTiO3 modification. Mater. Chem. Phys. 87, 297 (2004).Google Scholar
16Sun, Y. and Miyasato, T.: Infrared absorption properties of nanocrystalline cubic SiC films. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 5485 (1998).Google Scholar
17Kamiya, H., Mitsui, M., Takano, H., and Miyazawa, S.: Influence of particle diameter on surface silanol structure, hydration forces, and aggregation behavior of alkoxide-derived silica particles. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 287 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Merlemejean, T., Abdelmounim, E., and Quintard, P.: Oxide layer on silicon-carbide powder: A FT-IR investigation. J. Mol. Struct. 349, 105 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Harris, G.L.: Properties of Silicon Carbide (EMIS Datareviews Series No. 13, IEE, INSPEC, London, UK, 1995).Google Scholar
20Nielsen, L.E. and Landel, R.F.: Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994).Google Scholar
21Singh, R.P., Zhang, M., and Chan, D.: Toughening of a brittle thermosetting polymer: Effects of reinforcement particle size and volume fraction. J. Mater. Sci. 37, 781 (2002).Google Scholar
22Gao, S.L. and Mader, E.: Characterisation of interphase nanoscale property variations in glass fibre reinforced polypropylene and epoxy resin composites. Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 33, 559 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Gao, S.L., Mader, E., and Zhandarov, S.F.: Carbon fibers and composites with epoxy resins: Topography, fractography and interphases. Carbon 42, 515 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Mader, B., Gao, S.L., and Plonka, R.: Enhancing the properties of composites by controlling their interphase parameters. Adv. Eng. Mater. 6, 147 (2004).Google Scholar
25Guo, Z.H., Pereira, T., Choi, O., Wang, Y., and Hahn, H.T.: Surface functionalized alumina nanoparticle filled polymeric nanocompo-sites with enhanced mechanical properties. J. Mater. Chem. 16, 2800 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Zhang, X.P., Sun, B.Q., Friend, R.H., Guo, H.C., Nau, D., and Giessen, H.: Metallic photonic crystals based on solution-processible gold nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 6, 651 (2006).Google Scholar