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Between Brazil and Bahia: Celebrating Dois de Julho in Nineteenth-Century Salvador

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 1999

HENDRIK KRAAY
HENDRIK KRAAY
Affiliation:
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract

Commemorating the expulsion of Portuguese troops from Salvador, Bahia, on 2 July 1823, the Dois de Julho festival represented Bahian society collectively and marked differences of national origin, class, and race. It challenged the Brazilian state's official patriotism by articulating a regional identity, and through its commemoration of the independence-era popular mobilisation, presented a story of Brazil's origins that contradicted the official patriotism which celebrated Emperor Pedro I as Brazil's founder. Dois de Julho's popularity and durability, moreover, suggest a significant and socially-broad engagement with the imperial state, which cannot be considered a remote and alien entity to the urban population.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Latin American Studies , Volume 31 , Issue 2 , May 1999 , pp. 255 - 286
Copyright
© 1999 Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

Generous funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Foundation, the Associação Brasileira de Estudos Canadenses, and the Faculty of Social Sciences (University of Calgary) made possible the research on which this article is based. Earlier versions were presented at the Conference of Latin American History (Seattle, 10 Jan. 1998) and the University of Calgary History Department Colloquium (26 March 1998). I thank the participants at these meetings, and also John Chasteen, Todd Diacon, and Roderick J. Barman, for their comments on early drafts. Two anonymous Journal of Latin America Studies readers provided insightful comments. Roderick Barman, Alexandra Brown, Dale T. Graden, and Richard Graham called my attention to additional sources or supplied me with research materials, for which I am most grateful. The following archives and journals are cited in abbreviated form: Arquivo Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Seção do Poder Executivo (ANRJ/SPE); Arquivo Público do Estado da Bahia, Seção de Arquivo Colonial e Provincial (APEBa/SACP); Anais da Câmara dos Deputados (ACD); Anais do Arquivo Público do Estado da Bahia (AAPEBa); Collecção das Leis do Brasil (CLB); Revista do Instituto Geográfico e Histórico da Bahia (RIGHBa). Unless otherwise indicated, all newspapers cited were published in Salvador.