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Some Recently acquired Reliefs in the British Museum1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

A. H. Smith
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Extract

In the following paper, certain reliefs are described and illustrated, which have been added in comparatively recent years to the collection of the British Museum.

(1) Votive relief of Zeus Stratios. This relief, which was acquired in the summer of 1914 from a private owner, is of exceptional interest as an addition to the Museum which contains the remains of the Mausoleum.

The relief is of white marble, and consists of a sculptured panel 35·5 cm. wide, and so far as extant, 21 cm. high. It is surmounted by a pediment, with acroterial ornaments. The whole subject measures 49 × 45 cm.

‘In 1868 it was in the court yard of a house at Piali (Tegea) in the neighbourhood of the temple of Athena Alea. It had been found on the spot with some other antiquities.’ So M. Foucart, who has recently discussed the relief at length in the Monuments Piot.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume 36 , November 1916 , pp. 65 - 86
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1916

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References

2 Foucart, , Mon. Piot, xviii, p. 145Google Scholar; also in Assoc. religieuses (1873), p. 106; Roscher, s.v. Stratios; Meurer, , in Röm. Mitt. xxix. p. 204Google Scholar; I.G. v. 2, No. 89; Marshall, B.M. Inscr. No. 950.

3 It may be convenient to state the dates of the Hecatomnid dynasty. Hecatomnos was made satrap of Caria 387 B.C. Mausolos reigned 377–353 B.C., Artemisia, his wife and sister, 353–351 B.C. The surviving brother and sister, Idrieus and Ada, reigned jointly 351–344 B.C. Idrieus died, and Ada reigned alone 344–340 B.C. and, after an interruption (by her brother Pixodaros 340–334 B.C.), again 334–323 (?) B.C.

4 Röm. Mitt. xxix. p. 206. Compare Hogarth, , Ephesus, p. 330.Google Scholar

5 An enlarged drawing of the figure is given by Foucart, , Mon. Piot, xviii, p. 162Google Scholar, from the Trésor de Numismatique, Gal. Mythologique, p. 53.

6 On the ‘fillets’ of Artemis, see Hogarth, Ephesus, p. 331.

7 Wood, , Ephesus, p. 270Google Scholar, reproduced by Foucart, l.c. p. 163.

8 B.C.H. xxiii, p. 384.

8a Marshall, B.M. Inscr. No. 1153. For the faded figures compare Conze, Nos. 674, 694–5, 1316, 1317 a–e, 1455 a, b, c, 1715.

9 A more conventional use of two doves occurs on the reliefs, Conze, 1203, 1205.

10 The story of the pebbles appears in various forms. The two given above alone connect it with a vase on a tomb. Plutarch, De Solertia Animalium, ix. 8, tells the tale of crows in Africa, and of a dog that had been seen on shipboard taking advantage of the absence of the sailors to put pebbles into an oil-jar. He couples it with stories of bees in Crete that carry pebbles for ballast in a wind, and of geese in Cilicia that carry large stones in their mouths when they cross the Taurus, that by their self-imposed silence they may escape the notice of the eagles. Aelian, (De Nat. Animalium, ii. 48)Google Scholar tells the story of Libyan ravens, and jars of water put on the housetops. See also Avian, Fab. 27; but he only speaks of an ‘ingens urna’ without further circumstance.

11 For the later association of the dove with the soul, cf. Weicker, , Seelenvogel, p. 26Google Scholar.

12 Wickhoff, , Roman Art, pls. 7, 8.Google Scholar

13 Compare the relief of Archiades and Polemonikos (B.M. Sculpture, No. 693; Marshall, , B.M. Inscr. 1152Google Scholar; Conze, No. 1005) and the relief, Conze, No. 1347.

14 Conze, Nos. 1074, 1348, and the present example.

15 Marshall, B.M. Inscr. No. 940.

16 See Conze, Nos. 954, 956–7, 959–61, 963, 967–72, 977–81, 982a–85, 987, 989.

17 Conze, Nos. 938, 946, 962. The matter is doubtful in the case of Nos. 940, 944, 974–6, 986.

18 The use of a mirror as a feminine attribute on the reliefs is less frequent than might have been expected. See Conze, Nos. 157, 310, 360. The mirror in the Villa Albani relief (Müller-Wies. ii. Pl. 24, No. 257) appears to be modern.

19 Berliner Philol. Wochenschr. 1888, p. 163, No. 9; Conze, No. 868; I.G. ii. 2130 b; Marshall, B.M. Inscr. No. 936.

20 Marshall, B.M. Inscr. No. 937.

21 Conze, Nos. 1663–1679 a, and the scattered examples enumerated ibid. text, iii. p 356.

22 Walpole, Memoirs, ii. p. 560, No. 27; C.I.G. 808; Kaibel, 48; Conze, No. 130; I.G. ii. 2729. For further reff. and for ἰσοτελοῦ see Marshall, B.M. Inscr. No. 942.

23 For the history of the Guilford marbles, see Michaelis, J.H.S. vi. p. 47.

24 Guide to Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities in B.M. (1912), Pl. 7, Fig. 2; Marshall, B.M. Inscr. No. 938.

25 Guide to Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities in B.M. (1912), Pl. 7, Fig. 1; Marshall, B.M. Inscr. No. 939.

26 B.M. Sculpt. i. No. 693; Conze, No. 1005.

27 Marshall, B.M. Inscr. No. 939 a.

28 B.M. Sculpt. i. No. 750, and reff. ibid.; Marshall, B.M. Inscr. No. 1154 A.

29 Dittenberger, , Syll. 2 ii. 494Google Scholar.

30 Guattani, , Mem. Enciclopediche Romane, V. p. 33Google Scholar, and Pl. Brunn, , Annali d. I. 1844, p. 193Google Scholar.

31 Bull. Arch. Com. v. Pl. 18.

32 Mem. d. I. iv. Pl. 9; Wien. Vorlegeblätter, 1888, Pl. 9, Fig. 3a.

33 Brunn, , Ann. d. I. 1844, p. 189Google Scholar.

34 See the Mantua sarcophagus, Wien. Vorlegeblätter, l.c. Fig. 1 a; the Frascati sarcophagus, ibid. Fig. 2 a; and the Uffizi sarcophagus, ibid. Fig. 5 a.