Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T19:44:15.294Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Do Private Equity Managers Have Superior Information on Public Markets?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2021

Oleg R. Gredil*
Affiliation:
Tulane University A. B. Freeman School of Business
*
[email protected] (corresponding author)
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Using cash flows from a large sample of buyout and venture funds, I show that private equity (PE) distributions predict returns in the industries of funds’ specialization. My tests distinguish timing skill from reactions to market conditions and spillover effects of PE activity. Fund managers foresee comparable public firms’ earnings but sell at the industry peaks only if they have performance fees to harvest. These results have implications for manager selection and improve our understanding of PE fund returns and the role of PE in capital markets.

Type
Research Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington

Footnotes

I especially thank Greg Brown for his support and guidance. I thank Jarrad Harford (the editor) for his consideration and advice. Helpful comments and suggestions were provided by the anonymous referees, Yan Alperovych, Francesca Cornelli, Nickolay Gantchev, Eric Ghysels, Victoria Ivashina, Pab Jotikasthira, Nishad Kapadia, Steven Kaplan, Arthur Korteweg, Leo Krasnozhon, Cami Kuhnen, Christian Lundblad, Paige Ouimet, Urs Peyer, Robert Prilmeier, Adam Reed, David Robinson, Berk Sensoy, Merih Sevilir, Morten Sorensen, Geoffrey Tate, Santiago Truffa, William Waller, and Morad Zekhnini and seminar participants at the 2015 Global Private Investing Conference, the University of North Carolina, Arizona State University, Fordham University, Tulane University, the 2015 Financial Management Association (FMA) Meeting, the 2016 Financial Intermediation Research Society (FIRS) Meetings, and the 2018 Paris Hedge Fund and Private Equity Research Conference. I am grateful to Burgiss for data access and to Wendy Hu for providing research assistance. This research has benefited from the support of the Private Equity Research Consortium (PERC) and the UAI Foundation. An earlier version of this article was circulated under the title “Market Timing and Agency Costs: Evidence from Private Equity.” All errors are my own.

References

Acharya, V. V.; Gottschalg, O. F.; Hahn, M.; and Kehoe, C.. “Corporate Governance and Value Creation: Evidence from Private Equity.” Review of Financial Studies, 26 (2013), 368402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agarwal, V.; Jiang, W.; Tang, Y.; and Yang, B.. “Uncovering Hedge Fund Skill from the Portfolio Holdings They Hide.” Journal of Finance, 68 (2013), 739783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aldatmaz, S., and Brown, G. W.. “Private Equity in the Global Economy: Evidence on Industry Spillovers.” Journal of Corporate Finance, 60 (2020), 101524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ang, A.; Chen, B.; Goetzmann, W. N.; and Phalippou, L.. “Estimating Private Equity Returns from Limited Partner Cash Flows.” Journal of Finance, 73 (2018), 17511783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ang, A.; Papanikolaou, D.; and Westerfield, M. M.. “Portfolio Choice with Illiquid Assets.” Management Science, 60 (2014), 27372761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asriyan, V.; Fuchs, W.; and Green, B.. “Information Spillovers in Asset Markets with Correlated Values.” American Economic Review, 107 (2017), 20072040.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Axelson, U.; Jenkinson, T.; Strömberg, P.; and Weisbach, M. S.. “Borrow Cheap, Buy High? The Determinants of Leverage and Pricing in Buyouts.” Journal of Finance, 68 (2013), 22232267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, E.; Chiu, H. H.; and Smith, R.. “Can VCs Time the Market? An Analysis of Exit Choice for Venture-Backed Firms.” Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 31053138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-David, I.; Birru, J.; and Rossi, A.. “Industry Familiarity and Trading: Evidence from the Personal Portfolios of Industry Insiders.” Journal of Financial Economics, 132 (2019), 4975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, S.; Lerner, J.; Sorensen, M.; and Strömberg, P.. “Private Equity and Industry Performance.” Management Science, 63 (2016), 11981213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bollen, N. P., and Sensoy, B. A.. “How Much for a Haircut? Illiquidity, Secondary Markets, and the Value of Private Equity.” Working Paper, Vanderbilt University (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, D.; Gokkaya, S.; and Liu, X.. “Before an Analyst Becomes an Analyst: Does Industry Experience Matter?Journal of Finance, 72 (2017), 751792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. W.; Ghysels, E.; and Gredil, O. R.. “Nowcasting Net Asset Values: The Case of Private Equity.” Working Paper, University of North Carolina (2020).Google Scholar
Brown, G. W.; Gredil, O. R.; and Kaplan, S. N.. “Do Private Equity Funds Manipulate Returns?Journal of Financial Economics, 132 (2019), 267297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G.; Harris, R.; Hu, W.; Jenkinson, T.; Kaplan, S. N.; and Robinson, D. T. “Can Investors Time Their Exposure to Private Equity?”. Journal of Financial Economics, 139 (2021), 561577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, K. C.; Harlow, W. V.; and Starks, L. T.. “Of Tournaments and Temptations: An Analysis of Managerial Incentives in the Mutual Fund Industry.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 85110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, J. Y., and Shiller, R. J.. “The Dividend-Price Ratio and Expectations of Future Dividends and Discount Factors.” Review of Financial Studies, 1 (1988), 195228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, J., and Lerner, J.. “The Performance of Reverse Leveraged Buyouts.” Journal of Financial Economics, 91 (2009), 139157.Google Scholar
Chen, Y., and Liang, B.. “Do Market Timing Hedge Funds Time the Market?Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 42 (2007), 827856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiappori, P., and Salanie, B.. “Testing for Asymmetric Information in Insurance Markets.” Journal of Political Economy, 108 (2000), 5678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, J.-W.; Sensoy, B. A.; Stern, L.; and Weisbach, M. S.. “Pay for Performance from Future Fund Flows: The Case of Private Equity.” Review of Financial Studies, 25 (2012), 32593304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conley, T. G.GMM Estimation with Cross Sectional Dependence.” Journal of Econometrics, 92 (1999), 145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copeland, T. E., and Mayers, D.. “The Value Line Enigma (1965–1978): A Case Study of Performance Evaluation Issues.” Journal of Financial Economics, 10 (1982), 289321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Da Rin, M., and Phalippou, L.. “The Importance of Size in Private Equity: Evidence from a Survey of Limited Partners.” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 31 (2017), 6476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferson, W. E., and Khang, K.. “Conditional Performance Measurement Using Portfolio Weights: Evidence for Pension Funds.” Journal of Financial Economics, 65 (2002), 249282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferson, W. E., and Schadt, R. W.. “Measuring Fund Strategy and Performance in Changing Economic Conditions.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 425461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finkelstein, A., and McGarry, K.. “Multiple Dimensions of Private Information: Evidence from the Long-Term Care Insurance Market.” American Economic Review, 96 (2006), 938958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gantchev, N.; Gredil, O. R.; and Jotikasthira, C.. “Governance Under the Gun: Spillover Effects of Hedge Fund Activism.” Review of Finance, 23 (2019), 10311068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gompers, P. A.Grandstanding in the Venture Capital Industry.” Journal of Financial Economics, 42 (1996), 133156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gompers, P. A.; Gornall, W.; Kaplan, S. N.; and Strebulaev, I. A.. “How Do Venture Capitalists Make Decisions?Journal of Financial Economics, 135 (2020), 169190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gompers, P. A.; Kaplan, S. N.; and Mukharlyamov, V.. “What Do Private Equity Firms Say They Do?Journal of Financial Economics, 121 (2016), 449476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, J. M., and Xu, J.. “How Smart Are the Smart Guys? A Unique View from Hedge Fund Stock Holdings.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 25312570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinblatt, M., and Titman, S.. “Mutual Fund Performance: An Analysis of Quarterly Portfolio Holdings.” Journal of Business, 62 (1989), 393416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinblatt, M., and Titman, S.. “Performance Measurement Without Benchmarks: An Examination of Mutual Fund Returns.” Journal of Business, 66 (1993), 4768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, S.; Hotchkiss, E. S.; and Song, W.. “Do Buyouts (Still) Create Value?Journal of Finance, 66 (2011), 479517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harford, J., and Kolasinski, A.. “Do Private Equity Returns Result from Wealth Transfers and Short-Termism? Evidence from a Comprehensive Sample of Large Buyouts.” Management Science, 60 (2013), 888902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harford, J.; Stanfield, J.; and Zhang, F.. “Do Insiders Time Management Buyouts and Freezeouts to Buy Undervalued Targets?Journal of Financial Economics, 131 (2019), 206231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, R. S.; Jenkinson, T.; and Kaplan, S. N.. “Private Equity Performance: What Do We Know?Journal of Finance, 69 (2014), 18511882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henriksson, R. D., and Merton, R. C.. “On Market Timing and Investment Performance: The Statistical Procedures for Evaluating Forecasting Skills.” Journal of Business, 54 (1981), 513533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hüther, N.; Robinson, D. T.; Sievers, S.; and Hartmann-Wendels, T.. “Paying for Performance in Private Equity: Evidence from Venture Capital Partnerships.” Management Science, 66 (2020), 17561782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkinson, T.; Morkoetter, S.; and Wetzer, T.. “Buy Low, Sell High? Do Private Equity Fund Managers Have Market Timing Abilities?Working Paper, Oxford University (2018).Google Scholar
Jenter, D.Market Timing and Managerial Portfolio Decisions.” Journal of Finance, 60 (2005), 19031949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, G. J.; Yao, T.; and Yu, T.. “Do Mutual Funds Time the Market? Evidence from Portfolio Holdings.” Journal of Financial Economics, 86 (2007), 724758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kacperczyk, M.; Sialm, C.; and Zheng, L.. “On the Industry Concentration of Actively Managed Equity Mutual Funds.” Journal of Finance, 60 (2005), 19832011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, S. N., and Schoar, A.. “Private Equity Performance: Returns, Persistence, and Capital Flows.” Journal of Finance, 60 (2005), 17911823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, S. N., and Strömberg, P.. “Leveraged Buyouts and Private Equity.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23 (2009), 121146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korteweg, A., and Nagel, S.. “Risk-Adjusting the Returns to Venture Capital.” Journal of Finance, 71 (2016), 14371470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korteweg, A., and Nagel, S.. “Risk-Adjusted Returns of Private Equity Funds: A New Approach.” Working Paper, University of Southern California (2018).Google Scholar
Korteweg, A., and Sorensen, M.. “Skill and Luck in Private Equity Performance.” Journal of Financial Economics, 124 (2017), 535562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lerner, J.Venture Capitalists and the Decision to Go Public.” Journal of Financial Economics, 35 (1994), 293316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lerner, J.; Leamon, A.; and Hardymon, F.. Venture Capital, Private Equity, and the Financing of Entrepreneurship. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons (2012).Google Scholar
Lettau, M., and Ludvigson, S.. “Consumption, Aggregate Wealth, and Expected Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 56 (2001), 815849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metrick, A., and Yasuda, A.. “The Economics of Private Equity Funds.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 23032341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pástor, L., and Veronesi, P.. “Rational IPO Waves.” Journal of Finance, 60 (2005), 17131757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, D. T., and Sensoy, B. A.. “Do Private Equity Fund Managers Earn Their Fees? Compensation, Ownership, and Cash Flow Performance.” Review of Financial Studies, 26 (2013), 27602797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, D. T., and Sensoy, B. A.. “Cyclicality, Performance Measurement, and Cash Flow Liquidity in Private Equity.” Journal of Financial Economics, 122 (2016), 521543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, P.Pseudo Market Timing and the Long-Run Underperformance of IPOs.” Journal of Finance, 58 (2003), 483518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stafford, E.Replicating Private Equity with Value Investing, Homemade Leverage, and Hold-to-Maturity Accounting.” Working Paper, Harvard University (2017).Google Scholar
Timmermann, A., and Blake, D.. “International Asset Allocation with Time-Varying Investment Opportunities.” Journal of Business, 78 (2005), 7198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, I., and Goyal, A.. “A Comprehensive Look at the Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction.” Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2008), 14551508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wermers, R.Performance Measurement of Mutual Funds, Hedge Funds, and Institutional Accounts.” Annual Review of Financial Economics, 3 (2011), 537574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Gredil supplementary material

Gredil supplementary material

Download Gredil supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 1.6 MB