Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-03T20:34:25.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of sowing date and other factors on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake, and on the incidence of pests and diseases, of winter barley at rothamsted from 1981 to 1983

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

F. V. Widdowson ,
R. J. Darby ,
A. M. Dewar ,
J. P. Jenkyn ,
B. R. Kerry ,
D. W. Lawlor ,
R. T. Plumb ,
G. J. S. Ross ,
G. C. Scott  and
A. D. Todd
...Show all authors
F. V. Widdowson
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
R. J. Darby
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
A. M. Dewar
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
J. P. Jenkyn
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
B. R. Kerry
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
D. W. Lawlor
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
R. T. Plumb
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
G. J. S. Ross
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
G. C. Scott
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
A. D. Todd
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
D. W. Wood
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Multifactorial experiments on winter barley cv. Igri grown after potatoes were made from 1981 to 1983 on silty clay loam soils at Rothamsted. All tested combinations of seven factors, each at two levels: with and without autumn pesticide (aldicarb), two sowing dates (September or October), with and without a fungicidal seed treatment (‘Baytan’), with and without spring and summer fungicides, two amounts of nitrogen, two times of applying nitrogen and with and without a growth regulator (‘Terpal’). Growth, development, yield, nitrogen uptake, pests and diseases were monitored. Sowing in September, fungicide sprays in spring and summer, and the growth regulator had the largest mean benefits on grain yield (+0·80, +0·56 and +0·34 t/ha respectively). Some factors interacted with sowing date; thus aldicarb, the fungicide sprays in spring and summer and the later timing of N all increased yield more on the September-than on the October-sown barley. The larger yields on the September-sown plots were associated with more ears/m2 (978 v. 744) and, in spite of fewer grains per ear (17·8 v. 20·1), more grains per m2 (17·6 v. 14·7 × 103), but lighter grains (39·2 v. 42·3 mg). The largest yields each year (ca. 8.0–8.5 t/ha) were obtained from September-sown barley fully protected from pests and from pathogens in spring and summer and given N in April rather than in March.

The aphid vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus were sufficiently common and infective in two of the three autumns to infect the September-sown barley sufficiently that their control by aldicar b enhanced yield. Nematodes, slugs and dipterous stem borers were not numerous enough to be damaging in any year. Mildew in autumn was controlled by the seed treatment, but effects on yield were inconsistent. Mildew in spring and summer was more abundant on the October-than on the September-sown barley; it was controlled by fungicide sprays, which increased yield significantly each year. Leaf blotch was more abundant on the September-sown barley.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 106 , Issue 3 , June 1986 , pp. 551 - 574
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anon. (1967). Annual Review and Determination of Guarantees 1967. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Anon. (1971). Agricultural Statistics for England and Wales, 1969/70. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Anon. (1976). Manual of plant growth stage and disease assessment keys. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Agricultural Development and Advisory Service.Google Scholar
Anon. (1982). Crop Pests and Diseases, 1981. Reference Book 256 (81). London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Anon. (1983). Research and Development Reports, Cereals. Reference Book 224 (81). London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Anon. (1984 a). Agricultural Statistics for the United Kingdom, 1983. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Anon. (1984 b). Estimates of Crop Production – 1983 and 1984 Harvests. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Press Notice, 12 1984.Google Scholar
Anon. (1984 c). Research and Development Reports, Cereals. Reference Book 224 (82). London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Anon. (1985). Annual Review of Agriculture 1985. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Bainbridge, A., Finney, M. E. & Jenkyn, J. F. (1980). The influence of cultural factors and mildew on yield of winter barley. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 94, 389–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Church, B. M. (1984). Use of fertilizers in England and Wales, 1983. Report of the Rothamsted Experimental Station for 1983, pp. 295–300.Google Scholar
Church, B. M. & Lewis, D. A. (1977). Information from the survey of fertilizer practice, 1942–1976. Outlook on Agriculture 9, 186–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, A. E. & Mason, H. J. (1955). Frost-lift damage to winter-sown barley. Plant Pathology 4, 148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, B. K. & Legg, B. J. (1979). Rothamsted irrigation, 1964–76. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92, 15–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, P. B. (1984). The effects of sowing date, disease control, seed rate and the application of a plant growth regulator and of autumn nitrogen on the growth and yield of Igri winter barley. Research and Development in Agriculture 1, 21–27.Google Scholar
Jenkins, G. (1970). Winter barley in Britain. National Agricultural Advisory Service Quarterly Review No. 90, pp. 74–83.Google Scholar
Jenkyn, J. F. (1976). Observations on mildew development in winter cereals: 1968–73. Plant Pathology 25, 34–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkyn, J. F., Bainbridge, A., Dyke, G. V. & Todd, A. D. (1979). An investigation into inter-plot interactions, in experiments with mildew on barley, using balanced designs. Annals of Applied Biology 92, 11–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkyn, J. F., Dyke, G. V. & Todd, A. D. (1983). Effects of fungicide movement between plots in field experiments. Plant Pathology 32, 311–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, V. W. L. & Best, G. R. (1981). Evaluation of fungicide treatments for control of barley net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres. Proceedings 1981 British Crop Protection Conference – Pests and Diseases 1, 249–258.Google Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M., & Appleyard, M. (1981). Cereal Development Guide. Cereal Unit, National Agricultural Centre, Stoneleigh, Warwickshire.Google Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M., Appleyard, M. & Fellowes, G. (1985 a). Effect of sowing date and variety on main shoot leaf emergence and number of leaves of barley and wheat. Agronomie 5, 117–126.Google Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M., Appleyard, M. & Fellowes, G. (1985 b). Report of the Plant Breeding Institute for 1984, p. 113.Google Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. & Ellis, R. P. (1980). A comparison of spring barley grown in England and in Scotland. 1. Shoot apex development. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 95, 101–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Litchfield, M. H. (1967). The automated analysis of nitrite and nitrate in blood. Analyst, London 92, 132–136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plumb, R. T. (1977). Aphids and virus control on cereals. Proceedings 1977 British Crop Protection Conference – Pests and Diseases 3, 903–913.Google Scholar
Plumb, R. T., Lennon, E. A. & Gutteridge, R. A. (1986). Forecasting barley yellow dwarf virus by monitoring vector populations and infectivity. In Plant Virus Epidemics: Monitoring, Modelling and Predicting Outbreaks (ed. McLean, G., Garrett, R. G. and Ruesink, W.). London: Academic Press (in the Press).Google Scholar
Prew, R. D., Church, B. M., Dewar, A. M., Lacey, J., Penny, A., Plumb, R. T., Thorne, G. N., Todd, A. D. & Williams, T. D. (1983). Effects of eight factors on the growth and nutrient uptake of winter wheat and on the incidence of pests and diseases. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 100, 363–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, G. & Hollick, F. S. J. (1944). Studies of wireworm populations. I. A census of wireworms in pasture. Annals of Applied Biology 31, 52–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheinpflug, H., Paul, V. & Kraus, P. (1978). Studies on the mode of action of Bayleton against cereal diseases. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer 31, 101–115.Google Scholar
Southey, J. F. (ed.) (1970). Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Technical Bulletin, No. 2. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Stevens, D. B. & Palmer, G. M. (1982). Winter barley husbandry for the feed variety Igri, 1979–81. Norfolk Agricultural Station. 74th Annual Report, 1981–82, pp. 30–34.Google Scholar
Stinchcombe, G. R. & Jordan, V. W. L. (1984). Effects of fungicides and their timing on plant bio-mass, disease and yield of winter barley. Proceedings 1984 British Crop Protection Conference – Pests and Diseases 1, 127–132.Google Scholar
Stroyan, H. L. G. (1982). Revisionary notes on the genus Metopolophium Mordvilko, 1914, with keys to European species and descriptions of two new taxa (Homoptera: Aphidoidba). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society 75, 91–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szkolnik, M. (1981). Physical modes of action of stero-inhibiting fungicides against apple diseases. Plant Disease 65, 981–985.Google Scholar
Thornhill, E. W. (1978). A motorised insect sampler. PANS 24, 205–207.Google Scholar
Trudgill, D. L., Evans, K. & Faulkner, G. (1972). A fluidising column for extracting nematodes from soil. Nemalologica 18, 469–475.Google Scholar
Varley, J. A. (1966). Automatic methods for the determination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant materials. Analyst, London 91, 119–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, A. G. & Hemming, J. R. (1965). A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting small vermiform nematodes from soil. Annals of Applied Biology 55, 25–138.Google Scholar
Widdowson, F. V. (1982). The prediction of nitrogen fertiliser rates from mineral N in the soil in spring. Report of the Rothamsted Experimental Station for 1981, Part 1, p. 251.Google Scholar
Widdowson, F. V., Jenkyn, J. F. & Penny, A. (1976). Results from two barley experiments at Saxmundham, Suffolk, measuring effects of the fungicide benodanil on three varieties, given three amounts of nitrogen at two times 1973–4. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 86, 271–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfe, M. S., Minchin, P. N. & Slater, S. E. (1984). Dynamics of triazole Sensitivity in barley mildew, nationally and locally. Proceedings 1984 British Crop Protection Conference – Pests and Diseases 2, 465–470.Google Scholar
Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T. & Konzak, C. F. (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14, 415–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar