Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T03:30:39.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Efficacy of traditional practices and botanicals for the control of termites on rice at Ikenne, southwest Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2008

F.E. Nwilene ,
T.A. Agunbiade ,
M.A. Togola ,
O. Youm ,
O. Ajayi ,
S.O. Oikeh ,
S. Ofodile  and
O.O. Falola
F.E. Nwilene*
Affiliation:
Africa Rice Center (WARDA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
T.A. Agunbiade
Affiliation:
Africa Rice Center (WARDA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
M.A. Togola
Affiliation:
Africa Rice Center (WARDA), 01 BP 2031, Cotonou, Benin Republic
O. Youm
Affiliation:
Africa Rice Center (WARDA), 01 BP 2031, Cotonou, Benin Republic
O. Ajayi
Affiliation:
Africa Rice Center (WARDA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
S.O. Oikeh
Affiliation:
Africa Rice Center (WARDA), 01 BP 2031, Cotonou, Benin Republic
S. Ofodile
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
O.O. Falola
Affiliation:
Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Upland rice is mostly at risk from soil-borne insect pests, including termites, which cause significant crop yield losses. Studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 at Ikenne, southwest Nigeria to assess the effectiveness of two traditional practices (cow dung and red palm oil mixed with pawpaw), two plant extracts (neem seed oil and neem powder) and Furadan coated with garri (cassava flour) against termite attacks on nine rice varieties—NERICAs 1–7, LAC 23 and OS 6. In 2005, the results showed that neem seed oil was more effective than neem powder and cow dung in the control of termites. Of the five treatments in 2006 (Furadan coated with garri, neem seed oil, neem powder, cow dung and red palm oil mixed with pawpaw), two treatments—neem seed oil and Furadan coated with garri—gave the best protection against termite attack. Among the rice varieties, termite attack was significantly lower on NERICA 5 than on the other NERICA varieties in both years. NERICA 5 was apparently the least attacked by termites when unprotected, indicating that it could be used as a resistant check variety for termites. Yield losses were lower in the treated than in the control plots. These findings indicate that botanicals, such as neem seed oil, can provide effective control against termites on rice fields and can also be used as alternatives to persistent chemical pesticides. This study has far-reaching implications because neem seed oil is environmentally safe, easy to prepare, readily available and affordable by resource-poor farmers in Nigeria.

Keywords

NERICAricetermitesneem botanicalstraditional practicespesticides
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , March 2008 , pp. 37 - 44
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anon. (2000) Finding alternatives to persistent organic pollutants (POPS) for termite management, pp. 118–168. Global IPM Facility Expert Group. Termite Biology and Management, Stockholm Convention, FAO, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
Baron, R. L. (1991) Carbamate insecticides, pp. 3–8. In Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Edited by Hayes, W. J. and Laws, E. R.). Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Black, H. I. J. and Wood, T. G. (1989) The effects of cultivation on the vertical distribution of Macrotermes species in soil at Mokwa, Nigeria. Sociobiology 16, 133–138.Google Scholar
Boboye, S. O. (1986) Insect pests of sugarcane in Nigeria and their control. A lecture delivered at the one-week intensive sugarcane production training course organized by the National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi, Nigeria, November 2–7, 1986. 4 pp.Google Scholar
Bouillon, A. and Mathot, G. (1965) Quel est ce termite africain? Zooleo 1, 1–23.Google Scholar
Da Silva, F. A. C. and Martinez, S. S. (2004) Effect of neem seed oil aqueous solutions on survival and development of the predator Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Neotropical Entomology 33, 751–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimetry, N. Z., Amer, S. A. A. and Reda, A. S. (1993) Biological activity of two neem seed kernel extracts against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Journal of Applied Entomology (Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie) 113, 79–87.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (1969) Termites as Pest of Crops and Trees. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, Queen's Gate, London. 41 pp.Google Scholar
Hawksworth, D. L. (1985) Foreword, In Rice Diseases (Edited by Du, S. H.). Commonwealth Mycological Institute, CAB, Slough, UK.Google Scholar
Heinrichs, E. A. and Barrion, A. T. (2004) Rice-Feeding Insects and Selected Natural Enemies in West Africa. Biology, Ecology, Identification (Edited by Hettel, G. P.). Illustrated by Cris de la Cruz and Jessamyn R. Adorada.IRRI, WARDA, 242 pp.Google Scholar
Jacobson, M. (1989) Focus on Phytochemical Pesticides. The Neem Tree. Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 178 pp.Google Scholar
Javed, N., Gowen, S. R., Inam-ul-Haq, M. and Anwar, S. A. (2007) Protective and curative effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) formulations on the development of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in roots of tomato plants. Crop Protection 26, 530–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiwuso, P., Maiteki, G. and Okorio, J. (2004) Indigenous methods of controlling termites in agroforestry systems in Uganda. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Science 9, 893–895.Google Scholar
Lale, N. E. S. and Maina, Y. T. (2005) Effect of seasonal variation in temperature and humidity on the development of Callosobruchus maculatus and the efficacy of neem seed oil applied for its management in the Nigerian Sudan Savannah. Tropical Science 46, 50–54.Google Scholar
Logan, J. W. M., Cowie, R. H. and Wood, T. G. (1990) Termite (Isoptera) control in agriculture and forestry by non-chemical methods: a review. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, 309–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowery, D. T. and Isman, M. B. (1995) Toxicity of neem to natural enemies of aphids. Phytoparasitica 23, 297–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malaka, S. L. O. (1973) Observations on termites in Nigeria. Nigerian Field 38, 24–40.Google Scholar
Marco, M. P., Pascual, N., Bells, X., Camps, F. and Messeguerm, A. (1990) Ecdysteroid depletion by azadirachtin in Tenebrio molitor pupae. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 38, 60–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinez-Carvalho, S. (1996) Effects of sublethal concentrations of azadirachtin on the development of Spodoptera littoralis. Tese de doutorado, University of Reading, 250 pp.Google Scholar
Martinez, S. S. and Van Emden, H. F. (2001) Growth disruption, abnormalities and mortality of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caused by azadirachtin. Neotropical Entomology 30, 113–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mauldin, J. K. and Beal, R. H. (1989) Entomogenous nematodes for control of subterranean termites, Reticulotermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 82, 1638–1642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milner, R. and Staples, J. A. (1995) An overview on biological control of termites, In Proceedings of the Second Regional Workshop of Termite Research and Control (Edited by Mailu, A. M., Gitonga, W. and Fungoh, P. O.). KARI, Nairobi, Kenya, pp. 21–28.Google Scholar
Mitchell, J. D. (2002) Termites as pests of crops, forestry, rangeland and structures in Southern Africa and their control. Sociobiology 40, 47–69.Google Scholar
Mordue, A. J. and Nisbet, A. J. (2000) Azadirachtin from the neem tree Azadirachta indica: its actions against insects. Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 29, 615–632.Google Scholar
Obasola, C. O., Olufowote, J. O. and Fagade, S. O. (1981) Upland rice and its improvement in Nigeria. In Proceedings of the Workshop on WARDA Upland Rice Research Policy. WARDA/UPRI/81/6. West Africa Rice Development Association, Monrovia (Liberia), 27 pp.Google Scholar
Parkman, P. and Pienkowski, R. L. (1990) Sublethal effects of neem seed extract on adults of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 83, 1246–1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rembold, H., Foster, H., Czoppelt, C. H., Rao, P. J. and Sieber, K. P. (1984) The azadirachtins, a group of insect growth regulators from the neem tree, pp. 153–162. In Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and other Tropical Plants (Edited by Schmutterer, H. and Ascher, K. R. S.). Proceedings of the Second International Neem Conference, 25–28 May 1983, Rauischholzhausen, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technish Zusammenarbeit, Eschborn, Germany.Google Scholar
SAS Institute (1996) SAS systems for Windows. Version 6.12 Edition. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.Google Scholar
Saxena, R. C. (1987) Neem seed derivatives for management of rice insect pests—a review of recent studies, pp. 93–98. In Proceedings of the Third International Neem Conference, Nairobi, Kenya (Edited by Schmutterer, H. and Ascher, K. R. S.). GTZ, Eschborn, 689 pp.Google Scholar
Schmutterer, H. (1990) Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Annual Review of Entomology 35, 271–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sekamatte, M. B. (2001) The effect of maize stover used as mulch on termite damage to maize and activity of predatory ants. African Crop Science Journal 9, 411–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sridharan, L. (2007) Neem tree: Melia azadirachta and Azadirachta indica. http://www.ncnhdistrict.org/aom/neem.html.Google Scholar
Umeh, V. C. and Ivbijaro, M. F. (1997) Termite abundance and damage in traditional maize–cassava intercrops in southwestern Nigeria. Insect Science and Its Application 17, 315–321.Google Scholar
United Nations Environment Programme Chemicals page (2000) Finding alternatives to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for termite management. Prepared by members of the UNEP/FAO/Global IPM Facility Expert Group on Termite Biology and Management – established in 2000 to support international activities on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) covered by the Stockholm Convention. http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/termites/termite_fulldocument.pdf.Google Scholar
United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agriculture Service report (2002) Nigerian rice production increases and import duty raised. http://www.fas.usda.gov/pecad2/highlights/2002/03/nigeria/nigeria_rice.htm.Google Scholar
Wardell, D. A. (1987) Control of termites in nurseries and young plantations in Africa: established practices and alternative courses of action. Commonwealth Forestry Review 66, 77–89.Google Scholar
Wood, T. G. and Cowie, R. H. (1988) Assessment of on-farm losses in cereals in Africa due to soil insects. Insect Science and Its Application 9, 709–716.Google Scholar
Wood, T. G., Johnson, R. A. and Ohiagu, C. E. (1980) Termite damage and crop loss studies in Nigeria: a review of termite (Isoptera) damage, loss in yield and termite (Microtermes) abundance at Mokwa. Tropical Pest Management 26, 241–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar