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Depleted and ultradepleted basalt and picrite in the Davis Strait: Paleocene volcanism associated with a transform continental margin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2020

Lotte Melchior Larsen Open the ORCID record for Lotte Melchior Larsen [Opens in a new window]  and
Marie-Claude Williamson
Lotte Melchior Larsen*
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350Copenhagen, Denmark
Marie-Claude Williamson
Affiliation:
NRCan-Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0E8, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Lotte Melchior Larsen, Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Volcanic rocks from the Davis Strait were studied to elucidate the tectonomagmatic processes during rifting and the start of seafloor spreading, and the formation of the Ungava transform zone between Canada and Greenland. The rocks are from the wells Hekja O-71, Gjoa G-37, Nukik-2 and Hellefisk-1, and from dredges on the northern Davis Strait High. Ages range from Danian to Thanetian (dinocyst palynozones P2 to P5, 62.5–57.2 Ma). The rocks are predominantly basaltic, but include picrites on the Davis Strait High. Calculated mantle potential temperatures for the Davis Strait High are c. 1500°C, suggesting the volume of magma generated was large; this is consistent with geophysical evidence for magmatic underplating in the region. The rare earth element patterns indicate residual mantle lithologies of spinel peridotite and, together with Sr–Nd isotopes, indicate melting beneath regionally extensive, depleted asthenosphere beneath a lithosphere of thickness similar to, or thinner than, beneath Baffin Island and distinctly thinner than beneath West Greenland. Some sites include basalts with more enriched compositions. Depleted and enriched basalts in the Hellefisk well show contemporaneous melting of depleted and enriched mantle components in the asthenosphere. The Hekja and Davis Strait High basalts and picrites have unique, ultradepleted compositions with (La/Sm)N < 0.5, (Tb/Lu)N < 1 and Nb/Zr = 0.013–0.027. We interpret these compositions as a product of the melting regime within the Ungava transform zone, where the melting column would be steep-sided in cross-section and not triangular as expected at normal spreading ridges. Magmatism along the transform stopped when the tectonic regime changed from transtension to transpression during earliest Eocene time.

Keywords

continental break-upNorth AtlantictectonomagmaticdrillingdredgingGreenlandCanada
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 157 , Issue 12 , December 2020 , pp. 1983 - 2003
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2020

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