Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T10:53:41.910Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fruit yield and quality of sweet oranges affected by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization in tropical soils

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2006

José Antônio Quaggio ,
Dirceu Mattos Jr.  and
Heitor Cantarella
José Antônio Quaggio
Affiliation:
Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura 1481, CEP 13020-902 Campinas (SP), Brazil
Dirceu Mattos Jr.
Affiliation:
Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio de Citros “Sylvio Moreira”, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Rod. Anhanguera km 158, CEP 13490-970 Cordeirópolis (SP), Brazil
Heitor Cantarella
Affiliation:
Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura 1481, CEP 13020-902 Campinas (SP), Brazil
Get access

Abstract

Introduction. The objective of the present paper was to evaluate the effects of N, P and K, and their interactions, on fruit yield and quality of two sweet orange varieties, Valencia and Pêra, grown on tropical soils in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, over four seasons. Materials and methods. Two experiments were set up in a fractional factorial design of the ½ (4 × 4 × 4) type, with four rates of N [(30, 100, 170 and 240) kg·ha–1·year–1], P [(9, 27, 45 and 63) kg·ha–1·year–1)] and K [(24, 91, 158 and 225) kg·ha–1·year–1] applied to the soil surface during the rainy season. Functions of the type y = b0 + b11 N + b11 N2 + b2 P + b22 P2 + b3 K + b33 K2 + b12 NP + b13 NK + b23 PK were fitted for dependent variables: fruit yield and mass, juice content, and total soluble solids and acidity concentrations. Results. Maximum yield of Pêra and Valencia was attained, respectively, with N rates of (189 and 193) kg·ha–1. Fruit yield response to P and K fertilization for both cultivars was dependent on soil nutrient availability. Fruit size of Valencia trees was markedly affected by rates of K over 225 kg·ha–1. Yield of soluble solids per box of fruits (40.8 kg) decreased as leaf K concentration varied from (10 to 12) g·kg–1. Conclusion. Soil testing and leaf analysis play an important role in defining fruit yield and quality for citrus trees. The best nutritional program may vary depending on the destination of fruit to either juice production or the fresh market.

Keywords

BrazilCitrus sinensisnutritional requirementsfertilizer applicationapplication ratesyieldsqualityfruitsBrésilCitrus sinensisbesoin nutritionnelfertilisationdose d'applicationrendementqualitéfruits
Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 61 , Issue 5 , September 2006 , pp. 293 - 302
Copyright
© CIRAD, EDP Sciences, 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Spiegel-Roy P., Goldschmidt E.E., Biology of citrus, Camb. Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, 1996.
Stewart, I., Leonard, C.D., Wander, I.W., Comparison of nitrogen and sources for pineapple oranges, Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 74 (1961) 75–86.
Stewart, I., Wheaton, T.A., A nitrogen source and rate study on ‘Valencia’ oranges, Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 78 (1965) 22–25.
Koo, R.C.J., The influence of N, K and irrigation on tree size and fruit production of ‘Valencia’ orange, Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 92 (1979) 10–13.
Reitz, H.J., Koo, R.C.J., Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on yield, fruit quality and leaf analysis of ‘Valencia’ oranges, Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 75 (1960) 244–252.
Smith, P.F., Scuder, G.K., Hrnciar, G., A comparison of nitrogen sources, rates and placement on performance of ‘Pineapple’ orange trees, Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 81 (1968) 25–29.
Deszyck, E.J., Koo, R.C.J., Ting, S., Effect of potash on yield and quality of Hamlin and Valencia oranges, Proc. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. 18 (1958) 129–135.
Reese, R.L., Koo, R.C.J., N and K fertilization effects on leaf analysis, tree size, and yield of three major Florida orange cultivars, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 100 (1975) 195–198.
Reese, R.L., Koo, R.C.J., Effects of N and K fertilization on internal and external fruit quality of three major Florida orange Varieties, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 100 (1975) 425–428.
Du Plessis, S.F., Koen, T.J., Effect of nutrition on fruit size of citrus, Proc. Int. Soc. Citric. 1 (1984) 148–150.
Quaggio, J.A., Mattos, D. Jr., Cantarella, H., Almeida, E.L.E., Cardoso, S.A.B., Lemon yield and fruit quality affected by NPK fertilization, Sci. Hortic. 96 (2002) 151–162. CrossRef
Cantarella, H., Mattos, D. Jr., Quaggio, J.A., Rigolin, A.T., Fruit yield of Valencia sweet orange fertilized with different N sources and the loss of applied N, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 67 (2003) 215–223. CrossRef
Mattos, D. Jr., Quaggio, J.A., Cantarella, H., Alva, A.K., Nutrient content of biomass components of Hamlin sweet orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], Sci. Agric. 60 (2003) 155–160. CrossRef
Smith, P.F., Scudder, G.K. Jr., Hrnciar, G., Twenty years of differential phosphate application on pineapple oranges, Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 76 (1963) 7–12.
Anderson, C.A., Effects of phosphate fertilizer on yield and quality of ‘Valencia’ oranges, Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 79 (1966) 36–40.
Quaggio, J.A., Cantarella, H., Raij, B. van, Phosphorus and potassium soil test and nitrogen leaf analysis as a base for citrus fertilization, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 52 (1998) 67–74. CrossRef
Colwell, J.D., Computations for studies of soil fertility and fertilizer requirements, Commonw. Agric. Bur., London, UK, 1978.
Andrade, D.F., Noleto, A.Q., Exemplos de fatorials fracionados (½) 43 e (¼) 44 para ajuste de modelos polinomiais quadráticos, Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. 21 (1986) 677–680.
Redd J.B., Hendrix C.M. Jr., Hendrix D.L., Quality control manual for citrus processing plants, v.1, Intercit (Ed.), Fla, USA, 1986.
Raij B. van, Andrade J.C., Cantarella H., Quaggio J.A., Análise química para avaliação da fertilidade de solos tropicais, Inst. Agron., Campinas, Brazil, 2001.
Bataglia O.C., Furlani A.M.C., Teixeira J.P.F., Furlani P.R., Gallo J.R., Métodos de análise químicas de plantas, Inst. Agron., Bol. Téc. 78, Campinas, Brazil, 1983.
Mattos D. Jr., Citrus response functions to N, P, and K fertilization and N uptake dynamics, Univ. Fla, Ph.D, Gainesville FL, USA, 2000, 133 p.
Quaggio, J.A., Mattos, D. Jr., Cantarella, H., Stuchi, E.S., Sempionato, O.R., Sweet orange trees grafted on selected rootstocks fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. 39 (2004) 1–6. CrossRef
Davies F.S., Albrigo L.G., Citrus, CAB Int., Wallingford, UK, 1994, 254 p.
Goldschmidt, E.E., Monselise, S.P., Physiological assumptions toward the development of citrus fruiting model, Proc. Int. Soc. Citric. 2 (1978) 668–672.
Smith P.F., Citrus nutrition, in: Childers N.F. (Ed.), Temperate to tropical fruit nutrition, 2nd ed., Somerset Press, Somerville, USA, 1966.
Anderson, C.A., Effects on phosphate fertilizer on yield and quality of 'Valencia' oranges, Proc. Fla. Sta. Hortic. Soc. 79 (1966) 36–40.
Sobral, L.F., Souza, L.F.S., Magalhães, A.F.J., Silva, J.U.B., Leal, M.L.S., Response of orange trees to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization in a yellow latosol of the Coastal Plateau, Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 35 (2000) 307–312. CrossRef
Alva, A.K., Paramasivam, S., An evaluation of nutrient removal by citrus fruit, Proc. Fla. Sta. Hort. Soc. 111 (1999) 126–128.
Mattos, D. Jr., Quaggio, J.A., Cantarella, H., Carvalho, S., Superficies de resposta do tangor 'Murcott' a fertilizacao com N, P e K., Rev. Brasil. Frutic. 26 (2004) 164–167. CrossRef
Cantarella, H., Quaggio, J.A., Bataglia, O.C., Raij, B. van, Response of citrus to NPK fertilization in a network of field trials in São Paulo State, Brazil, Proc. Int. Soc. Citric. 2 (1992) 607–612.
Hearn, C.J., The influence of cultivar and high nitrogen and potassium fertilization on fruit quality traits of young orange trees, Proc. Fla. Sta. Hortic. Soc. 106 (1993) 8–12.