Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T13:57:35.741Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Psychotic versus nonpsychotic bipolar outpatient depression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 September 2020

F. Benazzi
F. Benazzi*
Affiliation:
Via Pozzetto 17, 48015 Castiglione di Cervia RA, Italy
Get access

Summary

Psychotic bipolar depression was compared with nonpsychotic bipolar depression. Psychotic (n = 59) and nonpsychotic (n = 176) bipolar depressed outpatients were SCID-DSM-IV interviewed. Psychotic bipolar depression had significantly higher severity, more chronicity, fewer atypical features and axis I co-morbidity, more bipolar I, and fewer bipolar II patients. Age at onset, duration of illness, gender, and recurrences, were not significantly different.

Keywords

bipolar Ibipolar IIclinical featurespsychotic bipolar depression
Type
Short communication
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 14 , Issue 8 , December 1999 , pp. 458 - 461
Copyright
Copyright © Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akiskal, H.SThe prevalent clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders: beyond DSM-IV. J Clin Psychopharmacol 16 Suppl 1 1996 4–14SCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akiskal, H.SMood disorders: clinical features.Kaplan, H.ISadock, B.J6thComprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 1995 Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins 1123–1152Google Scholar
Akiskal, H.SMaser, J.DZeller, P.JEndicott, JCoryell, WKeller, MSwitching from ‘unipolar’ to bipolar II. An 11-year prospective study of clinical and temperamental predictors in 559 patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52 1995 114–123CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altshuler, L.LPost, R.MLeverich, G.SMikalauskas, KRosoff, AAckerman, LAntidepressant-induced mania and cycle acceleration: a controversy revisited. Am J Psychiatry 152 1995 1130–1138Google ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th 1994 Washington, DC: American Psychiatric AssociationGoogle Scholar
Amsterdam, J.DGarcia-Espana, FFawcett, JQuitkin, F.MReimherr, F.WRosenbaum, J.FEfficacy and safety of fluoxetine in treating bipolar II major depressive episode. J Clin Psychopharmacol 18 1998 435–440CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benazzi, FPrevalence of bipolar II disorder in outpatient depression: a 203-case study in private practice. J Affect Disord 43 1997 163–166CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benazzi, FAntidepressant-associated hypomania in outpatient depression: a 203-case study in private practice. J Affect Disord 46 1997 73–77CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benazzi, FChronic depression: a case series of 203 outpatients treated at a private practice. J Psychiatry Neurosci 23 1998 51–55Google ScholarPubMed
Benazzi, FLate-life depression in private practice depressed outpatients: a 203-case study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 23 1998 181–182Google Scholar
Benazzi, FPsychotic depression in private practice depressed outpatients. Eur Psychiatry 13 1998 320–321CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benazzi, FAtypical depression in private practice depressed outpatients: a 203-case study. Compr Psychiatry 40 1999 80–83CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benazzi, FPrevalence and clinical features of atypical depression in depressed outpatients: a 467-case study. Psychiatry Res 86 1999 259–265CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benazzi, FBipolar versus unipolar psychotic outpatient depression. J Affect Disord 55 1999 63–66CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benazzi, FIs atypical depression a moderate severity depression? A 536-case study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 24 1999 244–247Google ScholarPubMed
Benazzi, FGender differences in bipolar II and unipolar depressed outpatients: a 557-case study. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1999 11 55–59CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowden, C.LTreatment of bipolar disorder.Schatzberg, A.FNemeroff, C.BThe American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychopharmacology. 1998 Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press 733–745Google Scholar
Charney, D.SBerman, R.MMiller, H.LTreatment of depression.Schatzberg, A.FNemeroff, C.BThe American Psychiatric Press textbook of psychopharmacology. 1998 Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press 705–731Google Scholar
Coryell, WEndicott, JMaser, J.DKeller, MLeon, A.CAkiskal, H.SLong-term stability of polarity distinctions in the affective disorders. Am J Psychiatry 152 1995 385–390Google ScholarPubMed
Dunner, D.LKai Tay, K.LDiagnostic reliability of the history of hypomania in bipolar II patients and patients with major depression. Compr Psychiatry 34 1993 303–307CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
First, M.BSpitzer, R.LGibbon, MWilliams, J.B.WStructured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders–Clinician Version (SCID-CV). 1997 Washington, DC: American Psychiatric PressGoogle Scholar
Frances, ADocherty, J.PKahn, D.AThe expert consensus guideline series. Treatment of bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 57 suppl 12A 1996 1–88Google Scholar
Goodwin, F.KJamison, K.RManic-depressive illness. 1990 New York: Oxford University Press 56–73p. 44Google Scholar
Kendler, K.SEaves, L.JWalters, E.ENeale, M.CHeath, A.CKessler, R.CThe identification and validation of distinct depressive syndromes in a population-based sample of female twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53 1996 391–399CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebowitz, B.DRudorfer, M.VTreatment research at the millennium: from efficacy to effectiveness. J Clin Psychopharmacol 18 1998 1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMahon, F.JStine, CChase, G.AMeyers, D.ASimpson, S.GDepaulo, J.RInfluence of clinical subtype, sex, and lineality on age at onset of major affective disorder in a family sample. Am J Psychiatry 151 1994 210–215Google Scholar
Montgomery, S.AAsberg, MA new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 134 1979 382–389CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quitkin, F.MStewart, J.WMcGrath, P.JNunes, E.VKlein, D.FThe identification and validation of distinct depressive syndromes in a population-based sample of female twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54 1997 970–972CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schatzberg, A.FRothschild, A.JPsychotic (delusional) major depression: should it be included as a distinct syndrome in DSM-IV? Am J Psychiatry 149 1992 733–745Google ScholarPubMed
Stewart, J.WGarfinkel, RNunes, E.VDonovan, SKlein, D.FAtypical features and treatment response in the national institute of mental health treatment of depression collaborative research program. J Clin Psychopharmacol 18 1998 429–434CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sullivan, P.FKessler, R.CKendler, K.SLatent class analysis of lifetime depressive symptoms in the national co-morbidity survey. Am J Psychiatry 155 1998 1398–1406CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thase, M.EMallinger, A.GMcKnight, DHimmelhoch, J.MTreatment of imipramine-resistant recurrent depression, IV: A double-blind crossover study of tranylcypromine for anergic bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry 149 1992 195–198Google ScholarPubMed
Tohen, MZarate, C.AAntipsychotic agents and bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 59 Suppl 1 1998 38–48Google ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.