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Trastorno bipolar, trastorno esquizoafectivo y esquizofrenia: diferencias epidemiológical clínicas y de pronóstico
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
La validez y la entidad nosológica del trastorno esquizoafectivo es todavía una cuestión polémica. Este estudio se realizó para analizar las variables demográficas, clínicas y de pronóstico que deter-minan la validez del diagnóstico de trastorno esquizoafectivo de tipo bipolar. Se analizaron y compararon a 138 pacientes ambulatorios: 67 con trastorno bipolar de tipo I, 34 con trastorno esquizoafectivo de tipo bipolar y 37 con esquizofrenia. El diagnostico se llevó a cabo según los criterios diagnósticos de investigación (RDC) y se los evaluó conforme al Inventario para Trastornos Afectivos y Esquizofrenia. Se excluyeron a los pacientes esquizoafectivos unipolares. Los resultados reafirmaron que, desde el punto de vista de la demográfico, los rasgos clínicos y el pronóstico, los trastornos esquizoafectivos de tipo bipolar se pueden clasificar como una forma fenotípica en un punto intermedio entre el trastorno bipolar I y la esquizofrenia. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia del seguimiento longitudinal en el diagnóstico y la evaluación de los síndromes psicóticos. Aunque los síntomas transversales estaban más próximos al espectro de la esquizofrenia, el curso de la enfermedad se parecía más al de los pacientes bipolares, lo que resultó en un desenlace clínico intermedio.
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