Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T07:44:36.087Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A MONOGRAPHIC REVISION OF THE GENUS PODOCARPUS (PODOCARPACEAE): II. THE SPECIES OF THE CARIBBEAN BIOREGION*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 February 2015

R. R. Mill
R. R. Mill*
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The species of Podocarpus L’Hér. ex Pers. (Podocarpaceae) occurring on the islands of the Caribbean (excluding Trinidad and Tobago) are revised. Nine species are recognised, of which eight are known to be endemic to the Caribbean Bioregion. None of the species have infraspecific taxa. Four occur on Cuba, two on Hispaniola, two on Jamaica, and one on Puerto Rico and the Lesser Antilles. Keys are provided to all the species and to the species of Cuba, Hispaniola and Jamaica. The distributions of all species are mapped and discussed in relation to the geological history of the region as well as the climate, especially rainfall. The names Podocarpus urbanii Pilg. and Podocarpus buchii var. latifolius Florin are lectotypified. Revised or new IUCN conservation assessments are proposed for Podocarpus angustifolius, P. aristulatus and P. victorinianus and the existing assessments are detailed for the remaining species.

Keywords

BioregionCaribbean IslandsChristopher Columbusconservation assessmentsCubaDominican RepublicecoregionsHaitiHispaniolaJamaicalectotypesLesser AntillesPodocarpaceaePodocarpusPuerto Rico
Type
Articles
Information
Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 72 , Issue 1 , March 2015 , pp. 61 - 185
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This and the next paper are dedicated to the late Darian Stark Schilling (1980–2011).

References

Abbott, R. N. Jr. & Bandy, B. R. (2008). Amphibolite and blueschist–greenschist facies metamorphism, Blue Mountain inlier, eastern Jamaica. Geol. J. 43: 525–541.Google Scholar
Abbott, R. N. Jr., Bandy, B. R., Jackson, T. A. & Scott, P. W. (2003). Blueschist-Greenschist transition in the Mt. Hibernia Schist, Union Hill, Parish of St. Thomas, Jamaica. Int. Geol. Rev. 45: 1–15.Google Scholar
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M. T. (2012). Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany no. 98. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. http://si-pddr.si.edu/jspui/bitstream/10088/17551/2/SCtB-0098.pdf downloaded 31 January 2012.Google Scholar
Ajete, A., Álvarez, A. & Mercadet, A. (2011). Evaluación de los impactos de la temperatura del aire y de la pluviosidad sobre la diversidad forestal de la Empresa Forestal Integral Baracoa. 5to. Congreso Forestal de Cuba Abril 2011. http://bva.fao.cu/pub_doc/FORESTALES/Revista%20Espec.%202011/EVALUACI%C3%93N%20DE%20LOS%20IMPACTOS%20DE%20LA%20TEMPERATURA%20DEL%20AIRE%20Y%20DE%20LA.pdf downloaded 11 April 2012.Google Scholar
Ajete-Hernández, A., Álvarez-Brito, A. & Mercadet-Portillo, A. J. (2009). Evaluación de impacto y estrategia de adaptación para la Empresa Forestal Integral Baracoa, Provincia Guantánamo, Cuba. [Impact evaluation and strategy of adaptation for the Integral Forest Enterprise Baracoa, Guantánamo Province, Cuba.] Ra Ximhai 5: 271–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akiyama, S. & Ohba, H. (2012). A taxonomic revision of Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet and its related taxa (Podocarpaceae). Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 38: 121–130.Google Scholar
Alpert, L. (1941). The areal distribution of mean annual rainfall over the island of Hispaniola. Monthly Weather Rev. 69: 201–204.Google Scholar
Álvarez Brito, A. (2003). Estado de la diversidad biológica de los árboles y bosques en Cuba. Documentos de Trabajo, Recursos Genéticos Forestales. FGR/47S. Rome: Servicio de Desarrollo de Recursos Forestales, Dirección de Recursos Forestales, FAO. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/007/j0528s/j0528s00.pdf downloaded 28 February 2012.Google Scholar
Anadón-Irizarry, V. (2006). Distribution, habitat occupancy and population density of the Elfin-Woods Warbler (Dendroica angelae) in Puerto Rico. MSc thesis, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus.Google Scholar
Anadón-Irizarry, V., Wege, D. C., Upgren, A., Young, R., Boom, B., León, Y. M., Arias, Y., Koenig, K., Morales, A. L., Burke, W., Pérez-Leroux, A., Levy, C., Koenig, S., Gape, L. & Moore, P. (2012). Sites for priority biodiversity conservation in the Caribbean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot. J. Threat. Taxa 4: 2806–2844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angeles, M. E., González, J. E., Ramírez-Beltrán, N. D., Tepley, C. A. & Comarazamy, D. E. (2010). Origins of the Caribbean rainfall bimodal behavior. J. Geophys. Res. 115, D11106. 17 pp. doi:10.1029/2009JD012990 downloaded 14 November 2013.Google Scholar
Areces-Mallea, A. E., Weakley, A. S., Li Xiaojun, , Sayre, R. G., Parrish, J. D., Tipton, C. V. & Boucher, T. (1999). A Guide to Caribbean Vegetation Types: Preliminary Classification System and Descriptions. Arlington, VA: The Nature Conservancy.Google Scholar
Armstrong, S. (2013). NT1310 Leeward Islands xeric scrub. http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt1310 downloaded 25 January 2013.Google Scholar
Asprey, G. F. & Robbins, R. G. (1953). The vegetation of Jamaica. Ecol. Monogr. 23: 359–412.Google Scholar
Bachmann, R. (2001). The Caribbean Plate and the question of its formation. Freiberg: Institute of Geology, University of Mining and Technology. www.geo.tu-freiberg.de/hydro/oberseminar/pdf/Raik%20Bachmann.pdf downloaded 9 October 2013.Google Scholar
Balogh, J. & Balogh, P. (1990). The Soil Mites of the World, 2. Oribatid Mites of the Neotropical Region II. Amsterdam & Budapest: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Beard, J. S. (1944). The natural vegetation of the island of Tobago, British West Indies. Ecol. Monogr. 14: 135–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellingham, P. (1998). Podocarpus urbanii. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2010.4. www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/34106/0 downloaded 11 November 2010.Google Scholar
Bellingham, P. J., Tanner, E. V. J. & Healey, J. R. (1994). Sprouting of trees in Jamaican montane forests, after a hurricane. J. Ecol. 82: 747–758.Google Scholar
Bellingham, P. J., Tanner, E. V. J. & Healey, J. R. (2005). Hurricane disturbance accelerates invasion by the alien tree Pittosporum undulatum in Jamaican montane rain forests. J. Veget. Sci. 16: 675–684.Google Scholar
Below, C. (2005). Gardening in the Bahamas and in the Florida Keys. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse.Google Scholar
Benny, G. L., Samuelson, D. A. & Kimbrough, J. W. (1985a). Studies on the Coryneliales. II. Taxa parasitic on Podocarpaceae: Corynelia. Bot. Gaz. 146: 238–251.Google Scholar
Benny, G. L., Samuelson, D. A. & Kimbrough, J. W. (1985b). Studies on the Coryneliales. III. Taxa parasitic on Podocarpaceae: Lagenulopsis and Tripospora. Bot. Gaz. 146: 431–436.Google Scholar
Berazaín Iturralde, R., Berazaín, F. A., Lazcano Lara, J. C. & González Torres, L. R. (2005). Lista roja de la flora vascular cubana. Doc. Jard. Bot. Atlántico 4: 1–86.Google Scholar
Biffin, E., Conran, J. G. & Lowe, A. J. (2011). Podocarp evolution: A molecular phylogenetic perspective. In: Turner, B. L. & Cernusak, L. A. (eds) Ecology of the Podocarpaceae in Tropical Forests, pp. 1–20. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany no. 95. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press.Google Scholar
Biffin, E., Brodribb, T. J., Hill, R. S., Thomas, P. & Lowe, A. J. (2012). Leaf evolution in Southern Hemisphere conifers tracks the angiosperm ecological radiation. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 279: 341–348.Google Scholar
Bird, P. (2003). An updated digital model of plate boundaries. Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst. 4(3): Article 1027, doi:10.1029/2001GC000252 downloaded 9 October 2013.Google Scholar
Bisse, J. (1988). Árboles de Cuba. Ciudad de la Habana: Editorial Científico-Técnica.Google Scholar
Borhidi, A. (1989). El efecto ecológico de la roca serpentina a la flora y la vegetación de Cuba. Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 123–174.Google Scholar
Borhidi, A. (1991). Phytogeography and Vegetation Ecology of Cuba. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.Google Scholar
Briden, J. C., Rex, D. C., Faller, A. M. & Tomblin, J. F. (1979). K-Ar geochronology and palaeomagnetism of volcanic rocks in the Lesser Antilles island arc. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, Math. Phys. Sci. 291: 485–528.Google Scholar
Britton, N. L. (1918). Flora of Bermuda (Illustrated). New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.Google Scholar
Brummitt, R. K. (2001). World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions Edition 2. Plant Taxonomic Database Standards No. 2. Pittsburgh: Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, for the International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases for Plant Sciences (TDWG).Google Scholar
Brummitt, R. K. (2011). Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 63. Taxon 60: 1202–1210.Google Scholar
Brussell, D. E. (2004). A medicinal plant collection from Montserrat, West Indies. Econ. Bot. 58, Suppl.: S203–S220.Google Scholar
Buchholz, J. T. (1941). Embryogeny of the Podocarpaceae. Bot. Gaz. 103: 1–37.Google Scholar
Buchholz, J. T. & Gray, N. E. (1948a). A taxonomic revision of Podocarpus I. The sections of the genus and their subdivisions with special reference to leaf anatomy. J. Arnold Arbor. 29: 49–63.Google Scholar
Buchholz, J. T. & Gray, N. E. (1948b). A taxonomic revision of Podocarpus IV. The American species of section Eupodocarpus, Subsections C and D. J. Arnold Arbor. 29: 123–151.Google Scholar
Buskirk, R. E. (1985). Zoogeographic patterns and tectonic history of Jamaica and the northern Caribbean. J. Biogeogr. 12: 445–461.Google Scholar
Camino, M., Stephenson, S. L., Krivomaz, T., Wrigley de Basanta, D., Lado, C., Estrada-Torres, A. (2008). Biodiversity survey for myxomycetes in the mountains of central Cuba. Revista Mex. Micol. 27: 39–51.Google Scholar
Camirand, R. & Evelyn, O. B. (2004a). Jamaica: Trees for Tomorrow Project Phase II. National Forest Inventory Report 2003. Volume 1 of 2. Main Report & Appendices I to V. Québec: Tecsult International for the Canadian International Development Agency. www.forestry.gov.jm/PDF_files/NatInvReport.pdf downloaded 31 January 2012.Google Scholar
Camirand, R. & Evelyn, O. B. (2004b). Jamaica: Trees for Tomorrow Project Phase II. National Forest Inventory Report 2003. Volume 2 of 2 . Appendix VI: Results Tables. Québec: Tecsult International for the Canadian International Development Agency. www.forestry.gov.jm/PDF_files/NatInvReport_AppendixVIa.pdf downloaded 31 January 2012.Google Scholar
Campbell, K. C. St. E. & Gardner, M. (2013). Podocarpus purdieanus. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org/details/34094/0 downloaded 30 August 2013.Google Scholar
Campbell, K. C. St. E. & Meikle, J. (2013a). Podocarpus urbanii. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org/details/34106/0 downloaded 30 August 2013.Google Scholar
Cano, E., Ramírez, A. V., Cano-Ortiz, A. & Esteban Ruiz, F. J. (2009). Distribution of Central American Melastomataceae: biogeographical analysis of the Caribbean islands. Acta Bot. Gallica 156: 527–557.Google Scholar
Cano Carmona, E., Ramírez, A. V. & Cano-Ortiz, A. (2010). Contribution to the biogeography of the Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, Haiti). Acta Bot. Gallica 157: 581–598.Google Scholar
Carabia, J. B. (1941). Contribuciones al estudio de la Flora Cubana: Gymnospermae. Caribbean Forester 2: 83–99.Google Scholar
Carabia, J. B. (1945). The vegetation of Sierra de Nipe, Cuba. Ecol. Monogr. 15: 321–341.Google Scholar
Carrière, É.-A. (1855). Traité général des Conifères. Paris: chez l’auteur, rue de Buffon 53.Google Scholar
Carrière, É.-A. (1867). Traité général des Conifères. Nouvelle édition. Paris: chez l’auteur, rue de Buffon 53.Google Scholar
Casper, S. J. (1987). On Pinguicula lignicola, an epiphytic heterophyllic member of the Lentibulariaceae in Cuba. Pl. Syst. Evol. 155: 359–364.Google Scholar
Cassidy, F. G. & Le Page, R. B. (eds) (2002). Dictionary of Jamaican English. Ed. 2. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press.Google Scholar
Cazañas, X., Proenza, J. A., Mattietti Kysar, G., Lewis, J. & Melgarejo, J. C. (1998). Rocas volcánicas de las series Inferior y Media del Grupo El Cobre en la Sierra Maestra (Cuba Oriental): volcanismo generado en un arco de islas tholeiítico. Acta Geol. Hispan. 33: 57–74.Google Scholar
Centella, A., Gutiérrez, T., Limia, M. & Rivero Jaspe, R. (1999). Climate change scenarios for impact assessment in Cuba. Clim. Res. 12: 223–230.Google Scholar
Chai, S-L., Healey, J. R. & Tanner, E. V. J. (2012). Evaluation of forest recovery over time and space using permanent plots monitored over 30 years in a Jamaican montane rain forest. PLoS One 7: e48859. 8 pp., downloaded 18 November 2013.Google Scholar
Chen, A. A. & Taylor, M. A. (2002). Investigating the link between early season Caribbean rainfall and the El Niño+1 year. Int. J. Climatol. 22: 87–106.Google Scholar
Clubbe, C., Hamilton, M. & Corcoran, M. (2009). 647. Rondeletia buxifolia. Plant in Peril, 32. Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 26: 131–141.Google Scholar
Cobiella-Reguera, J. L. (2005). Emplacement of Cuban ophiolites. Geol. Acta 3: 273–294.Google Scholar
Conifer Specialist Group (2000). Podocarpus angustifolius. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2010.3. www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/42524/0 downloaded 30 September 2010.Google Scholar
Conran, J. G., Wood, G. G., Martin, P. G., Dowd, J. M., Quinn, C. J., Gadek, P. A. & Price, R. A. (2000). Generic relationships within and between the Gymnosperm families Podocarpaceae and Phyllocladaceae based on an analysis of the chloroplast gene rbcL. Austral. J. Bot. 48: 715–724.Google Scholar
Crane, J. L. & Jones, A. G. (1997). An annotated catalogue of types of the University of Illinois mycological collections (ILL). Illinois Biological Monographs 58. Urbana & Chicago: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Cruz, A. (1976). Distribution, ecology, and breeding biology of the Rufous-Throated Solitaire in Jamaica. Auk 93: 39–45.Google Scholar
Cuba Standard (2010). Government to split Havana province in two. www.cubastandard.com/2010/06/08/government-splits-havana-province-in-two/ accessed 21 May 2012.Google Scholar
Curtis, S. & Gamble, D. W. (2008). Regional variations of the Caribbean mid-summer drought. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 94: 25–34.Google Scholar
Cybertruffle’s, Robigalia. Cybertruffle’s Robigalia, Observations of Fungi and their Associated Organisms. www.cybertruffle.org.uk/robigalia/eng, accessed 31 March 2014 and earlier dates.Google Scholar
Dalling, J. W., Barkan, P., Bellingham, P. J., Healey, J. R., Tanner, E. V. J. & Toro Murillo, J. (2011). Ecology and distribution of Neotropical Podocarpaceae. In: Turner, B. L. & Cernusak, L. (eds) Ecology of Podocarpaceae in Tropical Forests, pp. 43–56. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany no. 95. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Daly, C., Helmer, E. H. & Quiñones, M. (2003). Mapping the climate of Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra. Int. J. Climatol. 23: 1359–1381.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, B., Burke, B. A. & Stuart, K. L. (1981). Biflavonoids, norditerpenes and a nortriterpene from Podocarpus urbanii. Phytochemistry 20(1): 153–156.Google Scholar
de Laubenfels, D. J. (1984). Un nuevo Podocarpus (Podocarpaceae) de la Española. Moscosoa 3: 149–150.Google Scholar
de Laubenfels, D. J. (1985). A taxonomic revision of the genus Podocarpus. Blumea 30: 251–278.Google Scholar
Dinerstein, E., Olson, D. M., Graham, D. J., Webster, A. L., Primm, S. A., Bookbinder, M. P. & Ledec, G. (1995). A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Dix, W. L. (1957). Jamaica lichens. Some unreported collections. Bryologist 60: 154–165.Google Scholar
Draper, G. (1986). Blueschists and associated rocks in eastern Jamaica and their significance for Cretaceous plate-margin development in the northern Caribbean. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 97: 48–60.Google Scholar
Draper, G., Jackson, T. A. & Donovan, S. K. (1994). Geologic provinces of the Caribbean. In: Caribbean Geology: An Introduction, pp. 3–12. Kingston: U.W.I. Publishers’ Association.Google Scholar
Ducrey, M. (1992). Variation in leaf morphology and branching pattern of some tropical rain forest species from Guadeloupe (French West Indies) under semi-controlled light conditions. Ann. Sci. For. 49: 553–570.Google Scholar
Ducrey, M. (1994). Influence of shade on photosynthetic gas exchange of 7 tropical rain-forest species from Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Ann. Sci. For. 51: 77–94.Google Scholar
Duke, J. A. (1965). Keys for the identification of seedlings of some prominent woody species in eight forest types in Puerto Rico. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 314–350.Google Scholar
Duss, A. (1897). Flore phanérogamique des Antilles françaises (Guadeloupe et Martinique). Ann. Inst. Colon. Marseille 3: v–xxviii & 1–656.Google Scholar
Duss, A. [as Duss, le R.-P.] (1903). Énumération méthodique des Champignons recueillis a la Guadeloupe & a la Martinique. Lons-le-Saunier: Lucien Declume.Google Scholar
Eckenwalder, J. E. (2009). Conifers of the World: The Complete Reference. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.Google Scholar
Endlicher, S. (1847). Synopsis coniferarum. Sangalli: Scheitlin & Zollikofer. 368 pp.Google Scholar
ESRI (Environmental Systems Resource Institute) (2008). ArcGIS 9.3. Redlands, California: ESRI.Google Scholar
Evelyn, O. B. & Camirand, R. (2003). Forest cover and deforestation in Jamaica: an analysis of forest cover estimates over time. Int. Forest. Rev. 5(4): 354–363.Google Scholar
Farjon, A. (1998). World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. Ed. 1. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Farjon, A. (2001). World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. Ed. 2. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Farjon, A. (2010). A Handbook of the World’s Conifers. Leiden & Boston: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Farjon, A. (2013). Podocarpus coriaceus. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org/details/42496/0 downloaded 30 August 2013.Google Scholar
Farjon, A. & Filer, D. (2013). An Atlas of the World’s Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Fawcett, W. (1891). Economic Plants. An Index to Economic Products of the Vegetable Kingdom in Jamaica. Kingston: Government Printing Establishment.Google Scholar
Fawcett, W. (1893). A provisional list of the indigenous and naturalised flowering plants of Jamaica. Kingston: Aston W. Gardner & Co.Google Scholar
Fawcett, W. (1894). Letter to Sir William Thiselton-Dyer dated 19 March 1894, sent from Department of Public Gardens and Plantations, Gordon Town, Jamaica. Kew: Kew Library and Archives (Directors’ Correspondence 210/424). Downloaded 13 June 2014 as two images: http://plants.jstor.org/visual/viewer/kldc13650?p=1 and http://plants.jstor.org/visual/viewer/kldc13650?p=2Google Scholar
Ferrandis, P., Bonilla, M. & Osorio, L. del C. (2011). Germination and soil seed bank traits of Podocarpus angustifolius (Podocarpaceae): an endemic tree species from Cuban rain forests. Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol.) 59: 1061–1069.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, H. M. (1920). Monograph of the Coryneliaceae. Mycologia 12: 206–267.Google Scholar
Florin, R. (1932). Die von E. L. Ekman (†) in Westindien gesammelten Koniferen. Ark. Bot. 25A: 1–22 + pl. 1–3.Google Scholar
Forestry Dept. (Jamaica) (no date). Local Names of Tree Species. Kingston, Jamaica: Ministry of Agriculture. www.forestry.gov.jm/pdf_files/localtreenames.pdf downloaded 31 January 2012.Google Scholar
Fournet, J. (1978). Flore illustrée de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. Paris: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique.Google Scholar
Fuzzy, Gazetteer. http://dma.jrc.it/services/fuzzyg/ accessed 28 March 2014 etc.Google Scholar
Galloway, D. J. (1994). Studies on the lichen genus Sticta (Schreber) Ach.: II. Typification of taxa from Swartz’s Prodromus of 1788. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 24(1): 35–48.Google Scholar
Gamble, D. W. & Curtis, S. (2008). Caribbean precipitation: review, model and prospect. Progr. Phys. Geogr. 32: 265–276.Google Scholar
Gamble, D. W., Parnell, D. B. & Curtis, S. (2008). Spatial variability of the Caribbean mid-summer drought and relation to north Atlantic high circulation. Int. J. Climatol. 28: 343–350.Google Scholar
Gardner, M. F. (2013a). Podocarpus buchii. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org/details/191532/0 downloaded 30 August 2013.Google Scholar
Gardner, M. F. (2013b). Podocarpus hispaniolensis. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org/details/191533/0 downloaded 30 August 2013.Google Scholar
Gardner, M. F. & González-Torres, L. R. (2013). Podocarpus ekmanii. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org/details/191533/0 downloaded 30 August 2013.Google Scholar
Gaussen, H. (1976). Les Gymnospermes actuelles et fossiles. Fascicule XIV. Genre Podocarpus. Conclusion des Podocarpines. Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse tome 2, vol. 1, fasc. XIV. Toulouse: Faculté des Sciences.Google Scholar
GeoNames. www.geonames.org/ accessed 28 March 2014 etc.Google Scholar
Gochfeld, M., Hill, D. O. & Tudor, G. (1973). A second population of the recently described Elfin Woods Warbler and other bird records from the West Indies. Caribbean J. Sci. 13: 231–235.Google Scholar
González Torres, L. R. & Gardner, M. (2013). Podocarpus angustifolius. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2013.1. www.iucnredlist.org/details/191536/0 downloaded 30 August 2013.Google Scholar
Goodland, T. & Healey, J. R. (1996). The invasion of Jamaican montane rainforests by the Australian tree Pittosporum undulatum. Bangor: University of Wales, School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences. 55 pp. http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/∼afs101/iwpt/pittorep.pdf downloaded 23 January 2013.Google Scholar
Gordon, G. (1858). The Pinetum: being a synopsis of all the coniferous plants at present known, with descriptions, history, and synonymes, and comprising nearly one hundred new kinds. London: Henry G. Bohn.Google Scholar
Graham, A. (1990). Late Tertiary microfossil flora from the Republic of Haiti. Amer. J. Bot. 77: 911–926.Google Scholar
Graham, A. (2003a). Historical phytogeography of the Greater Antilles. Brittonia 55: 357–383.Google Scholar
Graham, A. (2003b). Geohistory models and Cenozoic paleoenvironments of the Caribbean region. Syst. Bot. 28: 378–386.Google Scholar
Graham, A. & Jarzen, D. M. (1969). Studies in Neotropical Palaeobotany. I. The Oligocene communities of Puerto Rico. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 308–357.Google Scholar
Grandtner, M. M. (1997–2010). World dictionary of trees. www.wdt.qc.ca/treesna2list.asp?key_m=6082 accessed 3 April 2014.Google Scholar
Graveson, R. (2009). Plant taxonomy of Saint Lucia: Botanical descriptions of important species, species checklist and herbarium development. Technical Report No. 4 to the National Forest Demarcation and Bio-Physical Resource Inventory Project. Helsinki: FCG International Ltd.Google Scholar
Gray, N. E. (1953). A taxonomic revision of Podocarpus VIII. The African species of section Eupodocarpus, subsections A and E. J. Arnold Arbor. 34: 163–175.Google Scholar
Greuter, W. & Rankin Rodríguez, R. (2011). Base de datos de especímenes de la Flora de Cuba – con mapas de distribución. Versión 7.0. Berlin: Botanischer Garten & Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem. www.bgbm.org/BioDivInf/Projects/Floraofcuba/index.php accessed on various dates during November 2012.Google Scholar
Grisebach, A. H. R. (1862a). Plantae wrightianae, e Cuba orientali. Preprints from [part 1] Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. ser. 2, 8: 153–192 (1861); [part 2] op. cit. 8: 503–536 (1863). [Published in two parts, 1860–1862; Podocarpus in part 2, 1862.]Google Scholar
Grisebach, A. H. R. (1862b). Flora of the British West Indian Islands, part 5. London: L. Reeve & Co.Google Scholar
Grisebach, A. H. R. (1866). Catalogus plantarum cubensium exhibens collectionem Wrightianam aliasque minores ex insula Cuba missas. Lipsiae: Wilhelm Engelmann.Google Scholar
Grubb, P. J. (1977). Control of forest growth and distribution on wet tropical mountains with special reference to mineral nutrition. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 8: 83–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grubb, P. J. & Tanner, E. V. J. (1976). The montane forests and soils of Jamaica: a re-assessment. J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 313–368.Google Scholar
Guariguata, M. R. (1990). Landslide disturbance and forest regeneration in the upper Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. J. Ecol. 78: 814–832.Google Scholar
Guerrero, Á., Ramírez, N., Veloz, A. & Peguero, B. (2002). Vegetación y flora del Parque Nacional Juan Bautista Pérez Rancier (Valle Nuevo). In: Nuñez, F. (ed.) Evaluación ecológica integrada: Parque Nacional Juan Baotista Pérez Rancier (Valle Nuevo), Republica Dominicana, pp. 34–56. Arlington, VA: Nature Conservancy (US)/USAID.Google Scholar
Harcourt, C. S. & Sayer, J. A. (eds) (1996). The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: The Americas. New York etc.: Macmillan Library Reference USA, Simon & Schuster Macmillan.Google Scholar
Harris, W. (1908). The timbers of Jamaica. West Indian Bull. 9: 297–323.Google Scholar
Harvard College, President & Fellows of (2001–2014). Database details for record no. 00022530, holotype of Podocarpus victorinianus Carabia. http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/specimen_search.php?mode=details&id=33994 accessed 28 March 2014.Google Scholar
Hernández, A. A., Álvarez Brito, A. & Mercadet Portillo, Alicia J. (2009). Evaluación de impacto y estrategia de adaptación para la empresa forestal integral Baracoa, Provincia Guantánamo, Cuba. Ra Ximhai 5(3): 271–279.Google Scholar
Hiepko, P. (1987). The collections of the Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (B) and their history. Englera 7: 219–252.Google Scholar
Hoff, M. (coord.), Etifier-Chalano, E., Fiard, J. P., Foucault, B. de & Joseph, P. (1997). Typologie provisoire des habitats naturels des Departements d’Outremer français, basée sur corine biotopes et la “Classification of Palaearctic Habitats” du Conseil de l’Europe. Paris: Institut d’Écologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle.Google Scholar
Holmes, G. (2009). Global conservation and local resistance: Power and protected areas in the Dominican Republic. PhD thesis, University of Manchester.Google Scholar
Hooker, W. J. (1842). Figures, with brief descriptions, of three species of Podocarpus. London J. Bot. 1: 656–659.Google Scholar
Hooker, W. J. (1844). Podocarpus Purdieana Hook. Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 7: t. 624.Google Scholar
Howard, R. (1996). Ignatz Urban and the “Symbolae Antillae” . Flora of the Greater Antilles Newsletter, no. 10. www.nybg.org/bsci/fga/Newsletter/FGANno10.htm accessed 19 December 2011.Google Scholar
Humboldt, A. von (1837a). Examen Critique de l’Histoire de la Géographie du Nouveau Continent et des Progrès de l’Astronomie Nautique aux Quinzième et Seizième Siècles. Tome 2. Paris: Librairie de Gide.Google Scholar
Humboldt, A. von (1837b). Examen Critique de l’Histoire de la Géographie du Nouveau Continent et des Progrès de l’Astronomie Nautique aux Quinzième et Seizième Siècles. Tome 3. Paris: Librairie de Gide.Google Scholar
Humboldt, A. von (1848). Cosmos: a Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe. Translated from the German by Otté, E. C. Vol. 1. London: Henry G. Bohn.Google Scholar
Humboldt, A. von (1850). Views of Nature: or Contemplations on the Sublime Phenomena of Creation with Scientific Illustrations. Translated from the German by E. C. Otté and Henry G. Bohn. London: Henry G. Bohn.Google Scholar
Hypolite, E., Green, G. C. & Burley, J. (2002). Ecotourism: its potential role in forest resource conservation in the Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies. Int. Forest. Rev. 4(4): 298–303.Google Scholar
Iliffe, T. M., Hart, C. W. Jr. & Manning, R. B. (1983). Biogeography and the caves of Bermuda. Nature 302: 141–142.Google Scholar
Iturralde, R. B. (2001). The influence of ultramafic soils on plants in Cuba. South Afr. J. Sci. 97: 510–512.Google Scholar
Iturralde-Vinent, M. A. (1994). Cuban geology: a new plate-tectonic synthesis. J. Petroleum Geol. 17: 39–69.Google Scholar
Iturralde-Vinent, M. A. (2006). Meso-Cenozoic Caribbean paleogeography: implications for the historical biogeography of the region. Int. Geol. Rev. 48: 791–827.Google Scholar
Iturralde-Vinent, M. & Gahagan, L. (2002). Latest Eocene to Middle Miocene tectonic evolution of the Caribbean: some principles and their implications for plate tectonic modelling. In: Jackson, T. (ed.) Caribbean Geology into the Third Millennium: Transactions of the Fifteenth Caribbean Geological Conference, pp. 47–62. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press.Google Scholar
Iturralde-Vinent, M. A. & MacPhee, R. D. E. (1999). Paleogeography of the Caribbean region: implications for Cenozoic biogeography. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. no. 238. 95 pp.Google Scholar
IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Ed. 2. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32 pp.Google Scholar
IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2013). Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 10.1 (September 2013). www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf downloaded 19 November 2013.Google Scholar
Jones, J. M. (1859). Botany, in The Naturalist in Bermuda, pp. 131–143. London: Reeves & Turner.Google Scholar
Jones, J. M. (1873). On the vegetation of the Bermudas. Proc. Nova Scotian Inst. Nat. Sci. 3(3): 237–280.Google Scholar
Josse, C. (undated a). CES411.455 Caribbean Montane Wet Elfin Forest. http://ecosystems.iabin.net/FormatoEstandar/terrestre/verecosistematg.php?Id_Eco=1235 accessed 21 January 2014.Google Scholar
Josse, C. (undated b). CES411.470 Hispaniola Montane and Upper Montane Pine Forest. http://ecosystems.iabin.net/FormatoEstandar/terrestre/verecosistematg.php?Id_Eco=1443 accessed 10 October 2013.Google Scholar
Judd, W. S. (1986). Botany of the National Parks of Haiti. Floristic study of La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks. Gainesville, FL: Department of Botany, University of Florida.Google Scholar
Kallunki, J. A. (1980). Cuban Plant Collections of J. A. Shafer, N. L. Britton and P. Wilson. Brittonia 32: 397–420.Google Scholar
Kepler, C. B. & Parkes, K. C. (1972). A new species of warbler (Parulidae) from Puerto Rico. Auk 89: 1–18.Google Scholar
Kesler, S. E., Sutter, J. F., Jones, L. M. & Walker, R. L. (1977). Early Cretaceous basement rocks in Hispaniola. Geology 5: 245–247.Google Scholar
Knopf, P., Schulz, C., Little, D. P., Stützel, T. & Stevenson, D. W. (2012). Relationships within Podocarpaceae based on DNA sequence, anatomical, morphological, and biogeographical data. Cladistics 28: 271–299.Google Scholar
Knuth, R. (1926). Initia Florae venezuelensis. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 43. [Publ. 1926–1928; Podocarpaceae in Bogen (= signatures) 1–10, published 15 Dec. 1926.]Google Scholar
Köhler, E. (2006). Three new Buxus species (Buxaceae) from eastern Cuba. Willdenowia 36: 479–489.Google Scholar
Kuijt, J. (1987). Miscellaneous mistletoe notes, 10–19. Brittonia 39: 447–459.Google Scholar
Lalor, G. C., Rattray, R., Simpson, P. & Vutchkov, M. (1998). Heavy metals in Jamaica. Part 3: The distribution of cadmium in Jamaican soils. Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient. 14(1): 7–12. www.atmosfera.unam.mx/editorial/rica/acervo/vol_14_1/1.pdf downloaded 3 February 2013.Google Scholar
Laó-Dávila, D. A., Llerandi-Román, P. A. & Anderson, T. H. (2012). Cretaceous–Paleogene thrust emplacement of serpentinite in southwestern Puerto Rico. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 124: 1169–1190.Google Scholar
Latta, S. C., Rimmer, C., Keith, A., Wiley, J., Raffaele, H., McFarland, K. & Fernandez, E. (2006). Birds of the Dominican Republic & Haiti. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Leistner, O. A. (1966a). Podocarpaceae. The typification of Podocarpus elongatus. Pp. 142–143 in: Various authors, New and interesting records of African flowering plants. Bothalia 9: 123–151.Google Scholar
Leistner, O. A. (1966b). Podocarpaceae. In: Codd, L. E., de Winter, B. & Rycroft, H. B. (eds) Flora of Southern Africa 1: 34–41. [Pretoria]: Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa.Google Scholar
Leiva Sanchez, A. (1987 [1986]). Sobre la presencia de Arceuthobium M. Bieb. (Viscaceae) en Cuba. Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Habana 7(3): 13–18.Google Scholar
Leiva, A. & Bisse, J. (1983). Un nuevo genero de Loranthaceae para la flora de Cuba: Arceuthobium M. Bieb. Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Habana 4: 57–67.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. F., Draper, G., Bourdon, C., Bowin, C., Mattson, P., Maurrasse, F., Nagle, F. & Pardo, G. (1990). Geology and tectonic evolution of northern Caribbean margin. In: Dengo, G. & Case, J. E. (eds) The Geology of North America, Vol. H, The Caribbean region, pp. 77–140. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. F., Draper, G., Proenza, J. A., Espaillat, J. & Jiménez, J. (2006). Ophiolite-related ultramafic rocks (serpentinites) in the Caribbean region: a review of their occurrence, composition, origin, emplacement and Ni-laterite soil formation. Geol. Acta 4: 237–263.Google Scholar
Lindsay, K. & Horwith, B. (1999). A Vegetation Classification of St. Kitts and Nevis: Implications for Conservation. St. John’s, Antigua: Eastern Caribbean Biodiversity Programme (prepared for Nevis Historical and Conservation Society, and St. Christopher Heritage Society).Google Scholar
Liogier, H. A. & Martorell, L. F. (2000). Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. Ed. 2. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. 385 pp.Google Scholar
Little, D. P., Knopf, P. & Schulz, C. (2013). DNA barcode identification of Podocarpaceae–the second largest conifer family. PLoS ONE 8(11): e81008. 11 pp. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081008 downloaded 2 December 2013.Google Scholar
Little, E. L. & Wadsworth, F. H. (1964). Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Agricultural Handbook no. 249. Washington: USDA.Google Scholar
Little, E. L., Wadsworth, F. H. & Marrero, J. (2001). Árboles comunes de Puerto Rico e las Islas Vírgenes. Ed. 2. San Juan: Universidad de Puerto Rico.Google Scholar
Longwood, F. R. (1962, reprinted 1971). Present and Potential Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean with Special Reference to the West Indies, the Guianas and British Honduras. Agriculture Handbook no. 207. Washington, DC: Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Loudon, J. C. (1830). Loudon’s Hortus Britannicus. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green.Google Scholar
Lovette, I. J., Pérez-Emán, J. L., Sullivan, J. P., Banks, R. C., Fiorentino, I., Córdoba-Córdoba, S., Echeverry-Galvis, M., Barker, F. K., Burns, K. J., Klicka, J., Lanyon, S. M. & Bermingham, E. (2010). A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves). Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 57: 753–770.Google Scholar
Lyew-Ayee, P. (2010). The Cockpit Country of Jamaica: An island within an island. In: Migoń, P. (ed.) Geomorphological Landscapes of the World, pp. 69–77. Dordrecht etc.: Springer.Google Scholar
Maceira Filgueira, D., Fong Grillo, A., Alverson, W. S. & Wachter, J. (eds) (2005). Cuba: Parque Nacional La Bayamesa. Rapid Biological Inventories Report 13. Chicago: The Field Museum.Google Scholar
Maceira Filgueira, D., Fong Grillo, A. & Alverson, W. S. (eds) (2006). Cuba: Pico Mogote. Rapid Biological Inventories Report 09. Chicago: The Field Museum.Google Scholar
Magaña, V., Amador, J. A. & Medina, S. J. (1999). The midsummer drought over Mexico and Central America. J. Climate 12: 1577–1588.Google Scholar
Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R. S., Hypolite, E. & James, A. (2007). A report on the status of the herpetofauna of the Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies. Appl. Herpetol. 4: 177–194.Google Scholar
Marcano, J. (no date). Río Limpio. Flora y vegetación. Bosques Latifoliados Siempreverdes. http://jmarcano.netfirms.com/riolimpio/estudio/veget2b.html accessed 1 October 2010.Google Scholar
Marcano, J. (2009–2010). Áreas protegidas de la República Dominicana. Parque Nacional Sierra de Neiba. www.jmarcano.com/ecohis/areas/categoria2/neiba.html accessed 21 December 2012.Google Scholar
Marcano, J. (2009–2013). Eco-Hispaniola. Zonas de Vida. www.jmarcano.com/ecohis/zonas/montanos.html#top accessed 21 December 2012.Google Scholar
Martin, P. H., Sherman, R. E. & Fahey, T. J. (2007). Tropical montane forest ecotones: climate gradients, natural disturbance, and vegetation zonation in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. J. Biogeogr. 34: 1792–1806.Google Scholar
Marshall, R. C. (1934). Trees of Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad, Port of Spain: Government Printer, Government Printing Office, 101 pp. 20 pl.Google Scholar
Maurasse, F. J-M. R. (1982). Survey of the Geology of Haiti. Guide to the Field Excursions in Haiti of the Miami Geological Society March 3–8, 1982. Miami, FL: Florida International University. http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/reports/mgs_maurrasse1982/mgs-maurrasse1982.pdf downloaded 6 February 2013.Google Scholar
May, T. (2001). Estructura poblacional y reproducción natural de diez especies de un bosque nublado en República Dominicana. Revista Forest. Centroamer. 35: 45–49.Google Scholar
Maze, H. (1883). Nomenclature des arbres et des arbrisseaux indigènes ou naturalises a la Guadeloupe, avec leurs noms vulgaires. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 30: 100–109.Google Scholar
Maze, H. (1892). Contribution a la flore de la Guadeloupe. Basse-Terre: Government Printer.Google Scholar
McDonald, M. A., Hofny-Collins, A., Healey, J. R. & Goodland, T. C. R. (2003). Evaluation of trees indigenous to the Blue Mountains, Jamaica for reforestation and agroforestry. Forest Ecol. Managem. 175: 379–401.Google Scholar
McIntyre, D. H. (1975). Geologic map of the Maricao quadrangle, western Puerto Rico. US Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-918, scale 1.20,000. Puerto Rico: United States Geologic Survey, Department of the Interior.Google Scholar
McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Burdet, H. M., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D. L., Marhold, K., Nicolson, D. H., Prado, J., Silva, P. C., Skog, J. E., Wiersema, J. H. & Turland, N. J. (2006). International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005. Regnum Veg. 146. Ruggell: A. R. G. Gantner Verlag KG.Google Scholar
McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Buck, W. R., Demoulin, V., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Marhold, K., Prado, J., Prud’homme van Reine, W. F., Smith, G. F., Wiersema, J. H. & Turland, N. J. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Veg. 154. Ruggell: A. R. G. Gantner Verlag KG.Google Scholar
Medina, E., Cuevas, E., Figueroa, J. & Lugo, A. E. (1994). Mineral content of leaves from trees growing on serpentine soils under contrasting rainfall regimes in Puerto Rico. Pl. Soil 156: 13–21.Google Scholar
Meurgey, F., Guezennec, P. & Guezennec, C. (2014). Contribution à la connaissance des Orchidées sauvages de Guadeloupe (Antilles françaises). I. Signalement de quelques espèces rares ou peu communes. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Ouest France n.s. 36(2): 117–121.Google Scholar
Mill, R. R. (2014). A monographic revision of the genus Podocarpus (Podocarpaceae): I. Historical review. Edinburgh J. Bot. 71: 309–360.Google Scholar
Mill, R. R. & Stark Schilling, D. M. (2010). Typification and nomenclature of Podocarpus angustifolius Griseb. and P. aristulatus Parl. (Podocarpaceae). Taxon 59: 935–956.Google Scholar
Miller, G. L. & Lugo, A. E. (2009). Guide to the ecological systems of Puerto Rico. Gen. Tech. Rep. IITF-GTR-35. San Juan, PR: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry. 437 pp.Google Scholar
Minter, D. W. (2006a). Corynelia jamaicensis. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria 167, Sheet 1662.Google Scholar
Minter, D. W. (2006b). Corynelia portoricensis. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria 167, Sheet 1665.Google Scholar
Minter, D. W. (2014a). Corynelia jamaicensis Fitzp. In: Mueller, G., Krikorev, M. & Dahlberg, A. (orgs) The Global Fungal Red List Initiative. http://iucn.ekoo.se/iucn/species_view/242642 accessed 8 October 2014.Google Scholar
Minter, D. W. (2014b). Corynelia portoricensis Fitzp. In: Mueller, G., Krikorev, M. & Dahlberg, A. (orgs) The Global Fungal Red List Initiative. http://iucn.ekoo.se/iucn/species_view/147078 accessed 9 October 2014.Google Scholar
Molinet, J. R., Duran, B. R. & Baguet, M. (1998). Usos alternativos de los arboles y arbustos de Cuba. https://documentacion.ideam.gov.co/openbiblio/bvirtual/005039/tema5/Ram%C3%ADrezJose.PDF downloaded 5 December 2013.Google Scholar
Moret, J-L., Müller, G. & Charlier, P. (1996). Caloucaéra 95. Voyage organisé par le Musée botanique cantonal de Lausanne à la Guadeloupe, du 11 au 25 février 1995. Bull. Cercle Vaud. Bot. 25: 5–33.Google Scholar
Morrone, J. J. (2001a). Toward a cladistic model for the Caribbean Subregion: delimitation of areas of endemism. Caldasia 23: 43–76.Google Scholar
Morrone, J. J. (2001b). Biogeografia de América Latina y el Caribe. M&T – Manuales y Tesis SEA Vol. 3. Zaragoza: Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (SEA).Google Scholar
Morrone, J. J. (2006). Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and the Caribbean Islands based on panbiogeographic and cladistic analyses of entomofauna. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 51: 467–494.Google Scholar
Murrill, W. A. (1910). The Polyporaceae of Jamaica. Mycologia 2: 183–197.Google Scholar
Myers, R., O’Brien, J., Mehlman, D. & Bergh, C. (2004). Evaluación del Manejo del Fuego en los Ecosistemas de Tierras Altas de la República Dominicana. GFI informe técnico 2004–2b. Arlington, VA: The Nature Conservancy.Google Scholar
Nielsen, R. & Price, I. R. (2001). Typification of Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C.Agardh and C. taxifolia (Vahl) C.Agardh (Chlorophyta, Caulerpaceae). Taxon 50: 827–836.Google Scholar
Nieto, C. C. (2007). Contrapunteo medioambiental en la frontera dominico-haitiana. In: Dilla, H. & de Jésus Cedano, S. (co-ords.) Frontera en Transición, chapter 3. Santo Domingo: Ciudades y Fronteras. www.ciudadesyfronteras.com/capitulo_III__Medioambiente.pdf downloaded 28 September 2010.Google Scholar
Nuñez, F. (ed.) (2002). Plan de Conservación. Parque Nacional Juan B. Perez Rancier –Valle Nuevo – Republica Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Fundación Moscoso Puello. www.foroap.net.do downloaded 15 November 2012.Google Scholar
Orr, M. Y. (1944). The leaf anatomy of Podocarpus. Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 1–54.Google Scholar
Osorio Chaud, L.del, C. & Vichot, M. B. (2009). Apuntes sobre Podocarpus angustifolius Griseb. (sabina cimarrona). www.buscagro.com/www.buscagro.com/biblioteca/Marta-Bonilla/Podocarpus-angustifolius.pdf downloaded 1 October 2010.Google Scholar
Otuokon, S. & Chai, S-L. (2009). Building capacity and resilience to adapt to change. The case of the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park. In: McGregor, D., Dodman, D. & Barker, D. (eds) Global Change and Caribbean Vulnerability: Environment, Economy and Society at Risk, pp. 165–193. Mona, Kingston: University of the West Indies Press. www.uwipress.com/sites/default/files/Global%20Change_website.pdf#page=186 downloaded 18 November 2013.Google Scholar
Parlatore, P. (1868). Podocarpus. In: De Candolle, A., Prodromus systematis vegetabilium, 16(2): 507–521.Google Scholar
Pérez-Estaún, A., Hernaíz Huerta, P. P., Lopera, E., Joubert, M. & grupo SISMYN (Escuder Viruete, J., Díaz de Neíra, A., Monthel, J., García-Senz, J., Ubrien, P., Contreras, F., Bernárdez, E., Stein, G., Deschamps, I., García-Lobón, J. L. & Ayala, C.) (2007). Geología de la República Dominicana: de la construcción de arco-isla a la collision arco-continente. Bol. Geol. Min. 118: 157–174.Google Scholar
Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection. www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ accessed 28 March 2014 etc.Google Scholar
Persoon, C. H. (1807). Synopsis Plantarum, seu Enchiridion botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum. Pars secunda. Parisiis Lutetiorum: apud Bibliopolas Treuttel et Würtz, et Tübingen, apud J. G. Cottam. / Treuttel & Würtz; Tübingen: J. G. Cotta.Google Scholar
Pessin, L. J. (1922). Epiphyllous plants of certain regions in Jamaica. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 1–14.Google Scholar
Pilger, R. (1903). Taxaceae. In: Engler, A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV.5 (Heft 18). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.Google Scholar
Pindell, J. L. & Kennan, L. (2009). Tectonic evolution of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and northern South America in the mantle reference frame: an update. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 328: 1–55.Google Scholar
Pittier, H. F. (1926). Manual de las plantas usuales de Venezuela. Caracas: Litografia del Comercio. 458 pp., 42 pl.Google Scholar
Portecop, J. (1979). Phytogéographie, cartographie écologique et amenagement dans une île tropicale: le cas de la Martinique. Doc. Cartogr. Écol. 21: 1–78.Google Scholar
Quesada, E. M. (2002). Hacia un mejor conocimiento de las fanerógamas de la Altiplanicie de Monte Iberia, Cuba Oriental. Foresta Veracruzana 4(1): 1–6.Google Scholar
Questel, A. (1951). La flore de la Guadeloupe (Antilles françaises). Géographie générale de la Guadeloupe et des ses dépendances. Paris: Lechevalier. 327 pp.Google Scholar
Rasband, W. S. (1997–2014). ImageJ. Bethesda, Maryland: US National Institutes of Health. http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/ accessed 27 August 2011 onwards.Google Scholar
Republica de Cuba (1999). Resolución no. 330–99. Reglamenta de la Ley Forestal. Gaceta Oficial de La Republica de Cuba, Edición Ordinaria, 97: 921–935.Google Scholar
Reyes, O. J. & Acosta Cantillo, F. (2010). Fitocenosis en los bosques siempreverdes de Cuba Oriental. I. Ocoteo-Phoebietum elongatae en los mogotes de la Gran Meseta de Guantánamo. Foresta Veracruzana 12(1): 9–16.Google Scholar
Reyes, O. J. & Acosta Cantillo, F. (2012). Sintáxones de los pinares de Pinus cubensis de la zona nororiental de Cuba. Lazaroa 33: 111–169.Google Scholar
Reyes, O. J. & Acosta Cantillo, F. (2013). Fitocenosis en los mogotes de la Gran Meseta de Guantánamo, Cuba oriental. Caldasia 35: 135–147.Google Scholar
Reyes, O. J., Portuondo Ferrer, E., Vadell Novoa, E. & Fornaris Gómez, E. (2010). Características fisonómicas y funcionales de los bosques de Cuba oriental. I. El bosque nublado de la Sierra Maestra. Foresta Veracruzana 12(1):1–8.Google Scholar
Rhind, P. M. (2010). Plant formations in the West Indian BioProvince. www.terrestrial-biozones.net/Neotropic%20Vegetation/West%20Indian%20Vegetation.pdf downloaded 27 September 2010.Google Scholar
Richard, L. C. (1826). Commentatio botanica de Conifereis et Cycadeis characteres genericos singulorum utriusque familiae et figuris analyticis eximie ab autore ipso ad naturam delineatis ornatos complectens. Opus posthumum ab Achille Richard filio, perfectum et in lucem edito. Stuttgardiae: J. G. Cotta.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, M. O. C. & Córdoba, D. (2009). Morphostructural analysis of Jamaica. Geotectonics 43: 420–441.Google Scholar
Rojas-Agramonte, Y., Neubauer, F., Bojar, A. V., Hejl, E., Handler, R. & García-Delgado, D. E. (2006). Geology, age and tectonic evolution of the Sierra Maestra Mountains, southeastern Cuba. Geol. Acta 4: 123–150.Google Scholar
Rötzer, H. (2001). Vegetation und Landwirtschaft der Insel Dominica. www.kalinago.org/texte/floraundfauna.shtml accessed 22 September 2010.Google Scholar
Sauget y Babier, S. J. (1946). Flora de Cuba. Contribuciones ocacionales del museo de historia natural del colegio de la Salle no. 8, 1. Cultural, S. A., La Habana.Google Scholar
Sauvalle, F. A. (1873). Flora cubana. Enumeratio nova plantarum cubensium vel revisio catalogi Grisebachiani, exhibens descriptiones generum specierumque novarum Caroli Wright, (Cantabrigiae) et Francisci Sauvalle, synonymis nominibus vulgaribus cubensis adjectis. Havana: Imp. “La Antilla” de Cacho-Negrete.Google Scholar
Schnee, L. (1944). El género Podocarpus en Venezuela. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 9(59): 181–188, pl. 1–6.Google Scholar
Scott, P. W., Jackson, T. A. & Dunham, A. C. (1999). Economic potential of the ultramafic rocks of Jamaica and Tobago: two contrasting geological settings in the Caribbean. Mineralium Deposita 34: 718–723.Google Scholar
Seiders, V. M. (1971). Geologic map of the El Yunque quadrangle, Puerto Rico. US Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-658, scale 1.20,000. Puerto Rico: United States Geologic Survey, Department of the Interior.Google Scholar
Seifriz, W. (1943). The plant life of Cuba. Ecol. Monogr. 13: 375–426.Google Scholar
Serrato Patiño, J. J. (1985). Los principales árboles en cada una de las formaciones vegetales de Colombia. Santafé de Bogotá: Ministerio de Agricultura, INDERENA. 109 pp.Google Scholar
Sherman, R. E., Martin, P. H. & Fahey, T. J. (2005). Vegetation–environment relationships in forest ecosystems of the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 293–310.Google Scholar
Shimai, H., Masuda, Y., Panfet Valdés, C. M. & Kondo, K. (2007). Phylogenetic analysis of Cuban Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Chromosome Bot. 2: 151–158.Google Scholar
Shreve, F. (1914). A montane rain-forest. A contribution to the physiological plant geography of Jamaica. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Washington no. 199.Google Scholar
Silba, J. (2000). Variation geographic et populations isole de les gymnospermes rarissime. J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 17–40.Google Scholar
Silba, J. (2010). An international census of the Coniferae. Part II. Podocarpus. J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 17(1): 7–19, 19 [bis], 20.Google Scholar
Sinclair, W. T., Mill, R. R., Gardner, M. F., Woltz, P., Jaffré, T., Preston, J., Hollingsworth, M. L., Ponge, A. & Möller, M. (2002). Evolutionary relationships of the New Caledonian heterotrophic conifer, Parasitaxus usta (Podocarpaceae), inferred from chloroplast trnL-F intron/spacer and nuclear rDNA ITS2 sequences. Pl. Syst. Evol. 233: 79–104.Google Scholar
Skean, J. D. Jr. (1993). Monograph of Mecranium (Melastomataceae-Miconieae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 39: 1–116.Google Scholar
Stanek, K. P., Maresch, W. V., Grafe, F., Grevel, Ch. & Baumann, A. (2006). Structure, tectonics and metamorphic development of the Sancti Spiritus Dome (eastern Escambray massif, Central Cuba). Geol. Acta 4: 151–170.Google Scholar
Stark Schilling, D. (2004). Taxonomic studies of Caribbean and Central American species of Podocarpus subgenus Podocarpus: A multi-disciplinary approach. Unpublished MSc thesis, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh/University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Stark Schilling, D. M. & Mill, R. R. (2010). (1937) Proposal to conserve the name Podocarpus aristulatus (Podocarpaceae) with a conserved type. Taxon 59: 973–975.Google Scholar
Stark Schilling, D. & Mill, R. R. (2011). Cuticular micromorphology of Caribbean species of Podocarpus (Podocarpaceae). Int. J. Pl. Sci. 172: 601–631.Google Scholar
Staszkiewicz, J. (1988). A taxonomic revision of the genus Podocarpus from the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Rewizja taksonomiczna rodzaju Podocarpus z Wielkich i Małych Antyli. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 33(1–2): 71–106.Google Scholar
Stearn, W. T. (1965). Grisebach’s Flora of the British West Indian Islands: A biographical and bibliographic introduction. J. Arnold Arbor. 46: 243–285.Google Scholar
Stuchlick, L. & Moncada, M. (1983). Morfologia del polen de las especies cubanas de Gymnospermas. Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 75–89.Google Scholar
Sugden, A. M., Tanner, E. V. J. & Kapos, V. (1985). Regeneration following clearing in a Jamaican montane forest: results of a ten-year study. J. Trop. Ecol. 1: 329–351.Google Scholar
Swartley, D. B. & Toussaint, J. R. (2006). Haiti Country Analysis of Tropical Forestry and Biodiversity (Sections 118 and 119 of the Foreign Assistance Act). Washington: USAID, US Forest Service (METI). http://ftp.info.usaid.gov/locations/latin_america_caribbean/environment/docs/Haiti_118–119_Report.pdf downloaded 28 September 2010.Google Scholar
Swedish Museum of Natural History (no date). Krypto-S online database. www.nrm.se/en/menu/researchandcollections/collections/databases/kryptos.8598_en.html accessed 31 March 2014 and earlier dates.Google Scholar
Sweet, R. (1826). Sweet’s Hortus britannicus: or, a catalogue of plants cultivated in the gardens of Great Britain; arranged in natural orders: with the addition of the Linnean classes and order to which they belong; reference to the books where they are described…. London: James Ridgway.Google Scholar
Sweeting, M. M. (1958). The karstlands of Jamaica. Geogr. J. 124: 184–199.Google Scholar
Sykes, L. R., McCann, W. R. & Kafke, A. L. (1982). Motion of Caribbean Plate during last 7 million years and implications for earlier Cenozoic movements. J. Geophys. Res. 87: 10656–10676.Google Scholar
Takhtajan, A. (1986; transl. Crovello, T. J., ed. Cronquist, A.). Floristic Regions of the World. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Tanner, E. V. J. (1980). Litterfall in montane rain forests of Jamaica and its relation to climate. J. Ecol. 68: 833–848.Google Scholar
Tanner, E. V. J., Rodriguez-Sanchez, F., Healey, J. R., Holdaway, R. J. & Bellingham, P. J. (2014). Long-term hurricane damage effects on tropical forest tree growth and mortality. Ecology 95: 2974–2983.Google Scholar
Thiers, B. [continuously updated]. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ accessed 31 March 2014 etc.Google Scholar
Tossas, A. G. & Delannoy, C. A. (2001). Status, abundance, and distribution of birds of Maricao State Forest, Puerto Rico. El Pitirre 14(2): 47–53.Google Scholar
Turner, B. D. (1974). The population dynamics of tropical arboreal Psocoptera (Insecta) on two species of conifers in the Blue Mountains, Jamaica. J. Animal Ecol. 43: 323–337.Google Scholar
Urban, I. (1920). Symbolae antillanae seu fundamenta florae Indiae occidentalis. VIII. Flora domingensis. Lipsiae: Borntraeger . [Published 1920–1921; Podocarpus in Feb. 1920. See article by Howard, 1996.]Google Scholar
Urban, I. (1922). Sertum antillanum. XIV. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 17–26.Google Scholar
Urban, I. (1924). Sertum antillanum. XIX. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 298–308.Google Scholar
Wadsworth, F. H. (2008). La reforestación gubernamental en Puerto Rico. Acta Científica 22(1–3): 105–113.Google Scholar
Wang, X., Cai, P., Chang, C.-J., Ho, D. H. & Cassady, J. M. (1997). Three new norditerpenoid dilactones from Podocarpus purdieanus Hook. Nat. Prod. Lett. 10: 59–67.Google Scholar
Wenkert, E. & Chang, C.-J. (1974). Nagilactone C from Podocarpus purdieanus. Phytochemistry 15: 1991.Google Scholar
Wharton, T. (1845). Letter from Thomas Wharton to Sir William Jackson Hooker; from Ladyfield; 6 September 1845; folio 375. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Library and Archives. Available online athttp://plants.jstor.org/visual/kldc10230?s=t, accessed 10 May 2013.Google Scholar
Wildfinder, . http://worldwildlife.org/science/wildfinder/ accessed 28 March 2014 etc.Google Scholar
Williams, M. I. & Steadman, D. W. (2001). The historic and prehistoric distribution of parrots (Psittacidae) in the West Indies. In: Woods, C. A. & Sergile, F. E. (eds) Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives, pp. 175–187. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Young, J. L. (2006). Aripo Savannas Scientific Reserve: A description and short history. The Field Naturalist: Quart. Bull. Trinidad Tobago Field Naturalists’ Club 2006(4): 1–4. http://ttfnc.org/photojournals/2006-4.pdf downloaded 30 September 2010.Google Scholar
Young, R. P. (ed.) (2008). A biodiversity assessment of the Centre Hills, Montserrat. Durrell Conservation Monograph No. 1. Trinity, Jersey: Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust. 143 pp.Google Scholar
Zanoni, T. A. (1999). Regional Action Plan: Caribbean Conifers: current status. In: Farjon, A. & Page, C. N., Conifers. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan: 59–62. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN/SSC Conifer Specialist Group, IUCN. ix + 121 pp.Google Scholar