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X-DIFFERENCING AND DYNAMIC PANEL MODEL ESTIMATION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2013

Chirok Han ,
Peter C. B. Phillips  and
Donggyu Sul
Chirok Han*
Affiliation:
Korea University
Peter C. B. Phillips
Affiliation:
Yale University, University of Auckland, University of Southampton and, Singapore Management University
Donggyu Sul
Affiliation:
University of Texas at Dallas
*
*Address correspondence to Chirok Han, Department of Economics, Korea University, Anam-dong Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136–701, Korea; e-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

This paper introduces a new estimation method for dynamic panel models with fixed effects and AR(p) idiosyncratic errors. The proposed estimator uses a novel form of systematic differencing, called X-differencing, that eliminates fixed effects and retains information and signal strength in cases where there is a root at or near unity. The resulting “panel fully aggregated” estimator (PFAE) is obtained by pooled least squares on the system of X-differenced equations. The method is simple to implement, consistent for all parameter values, including unit root cases, and has strong asymptotic and finite sample performance characteristics that dominate other procedures, such as bias corrected least squares, generalized method of moments (GMM), and system GMM methods. The asymptotic theory holds as long as the cross section (n) or time series (T) sample size is large, regardless of the n/T ratio, which makes the approach appealing for practical work. In the time series AR(1) case (n = 1), the FAE estimator has a limit distribution with smaller bias and variance than the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) when the autoregressive coefficient is at or near unity and the same limit distribution as the MLE in the stationary case, so the advantages of the approach continue to hold for fixed and even small n. Some simulation results are reported, giving comparisons with other dynamic panel estimation methods.

Type
ARTICLES
Information
Econometric Theory , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 201 - 251
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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