Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T09:24:19.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mafic-silicic layered intrusions: the role of basaltic injections on magmatic processes and the evolution of silicic magma chambers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

R. A. Wiebe
R. A. Wiebe
Affiliation:
R. A. Wiebe, Department of Geosciences, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, U.S.A..
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Plutonic complexes with interlayered mafic and silicic rocks commonly contain layers (1–50 m thick) with a chilled gabbroic base that grades upwards to dioritic or silicic cumulates. Each chilled base records the infusion of new basaltic magma into the chamber. Some layers preserve a record of double-diffusive convection with hotter, denser mafic magma beneath silicic magma. Processes of hybridisation include mechanical mixing of crystals and selective exchange of H2O, alkalis and isotopes. These effects are convected away from the boundary into the interiors of both magmas. Fractional crystallisation aad replenishment of the mafic magma can also generate intermediate magma layers highly enriched in incompatible elements.

Basaltic infusions into silicic magma chambers can significantly affect the thermal and chemical character of resident granitic magmas in shallow level chambers. In one Maine pluton, they converted resident I-type granitic magma into A-type granite and, in another, they produced a low-K (trondhjemitic) magma layer beneath normal granitic magma. If comparable interactions occur at deeper crustal levels, selective thermal, chemical and isotopic exchange should probably be even more effective. Because the mafic magmas crystallise first and relatively rapidly, silicic magmas that rise away from deep composite chambers may show little direct evidence (e.g. enclaves) of their prior involvement with mafic magma.

Keywords

compositional gradientscrystallisationdiffusiongabbrogranitehybridisationmagma chambers
Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 87 , Issue 1-2: Third Hutton Symposium. The Origin of Ganites and Related Rocks , 1996 , pp. 233 - 242
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barbarin, B. 1988. Field evidence for successive mixing and mingling between the Piolard Diorite and the Saint-Julien-la-Vetre Monzogranite (Nord-Forez. Massif Central. France). CAN J EARTH SCI 25, 49–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, C.G., Barnes, M. A.&Kistler, R. W. 1992. Petrology of the Caribou Mountain pluton. J PETROL 33, 95–124.Google Scholar
Bergantz, G. W. 1989. Underplating and partial melting: implications for melt generation and extraction. SCIENCE 245, 1093–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blundy, J. D.&Sparks, R. S. J. 1992. Petrogenesis of mafic inclusions in granitoids of the Adamello Massif, Italy. J PETROL 33, 1039–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, I. H.&Turner, J. S. 1985. Turbulent mixing between fluids with different viscosities. NATURE 313, 39–42.Google Scholar
Chapman, M.&Rhodes, J. M. 1992. Composite layering in the Isle au Haut Igneous Complex, Maine: evidence for periodic invasion of a mafic magma into an evolving magma reservoir. J VOLCANOL GEOTHERM RES 51, 41–60.Google Scholar
Christiansen, E. H.&Venchiarutti, D. A. 1990. Magmatic inclusions in rhyolites of the Spor Mountain Formation, western Utah: limitations on compositional inferences from inclusions in granitic rocks. J GEOPHYS RES 95, 17,717–28.Google Scholar
Coulon, C.Clocchiati, R., Maury, R. C.&Westercamp, D. 1984. Petrology of basaltic xenoliths in andesitic to dacitic host lavas from Martinique (Lesser Antilles): evidence for magma mixing. BULL VOLCANOL 47, 705–34.Google Scholar
Druitt, T. H.&Bacon, C. R. 1988. Compositional zonation and cumulus processes in the Mount Mazama magma chamber. Crater Lake, Oregon. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH: EARTH SCI 79, 289–97.Google Scholar
Elwell, R. W. D. 1958. Granophyre and hybrid pipes in a dolerite layer of Slieve Gullion. J GEOL 66, 57–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elwell, R. W. D., Skelhorn, R. R.&Drysdall, A. R. 1962. Net-veining in the diorite of northeast Guernsey. Channel Islands. J GEOL 70, 215–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferriz, H.&Mahood, G. A. 1987. Strong compositional zonation in a silicic magmatic system: Los Humeros, Mexican Neovolcanic Belt. J PETROL 28, 171–209.Google Scholar
Fridrich, C. J.&Mahood, G. A. 1987. Compositional layers in the zoned magma chamber of the Grizzly Peak Tuff. GEOLOGY 15, 299–303.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grander, A. L. 1994. Interaction of basalt and rhyolite in a bimodal suite. GEOL SOC AM ABSTR PROGRAM 26, A476–7.Google Scholar
Hildreth, W. 1981. Gradients in silicic magma chambers: implications for lithospheric magmatism. J GEOPHYS RES 86, 10, 153–93.Google Scholar
Hildreth, W.&Moorbath, S. 1988. Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of central Chile. CONTRIB MINERAL PETROL 98, 455–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hildreth, W., Halliday, A. N.&Christiansen, R. L. 1991. Isotopic and chemical evidence concerning the genesis and contamination of basaltic and rhyolitic magma beneath the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field. J PETROL 32, 63–138.Google Scholar
Hodge, D. S.. Abbey, D. A., Harbin, M. A., Patterson, J. L., Ring, M. J.&Sweeney, J. F. 1982. Gravity studies of subsurface mass distributions of granitic rocks in Maine and New Hampshire. AM J SCI 282, 1289–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogan, J. P.&Sinha, A. K. 1989. Compositional variation of plutonism in the coastal Maine magmatic province: mode of origin and tectonic setting. In Tucker, R. D.&Marvinney, R. G. (eds) Studies of Maine geology: igneous and metamorphic geology. vol. 4. 1–33. Augusta, Maine: Maine Geological Survey. Department of Conservation.Google Scholar
Huppert, H. E.&Sparks, R S. J. 1988. The generation of granitic magmas by intrusion of basalt into continental crust. J PETROL 29, 599–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huppert, H. E., Sparks, R. S. J.&Turner, J. S. 1984. Some effects of viscosity on the dynamics of replenished magma chambers. J GEOPHYS RES 89, 6857–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, A. D.&Wyllie, P. J. 1988. Interaction of granitic and basic magmas: experimental observations on contamination processes at 10kbar with H2O. CONTRIB MINERAL PETROL. 98, 352–62.Google Scholar
Kolker, A.&Lindsley, D. H. 1989. Geochemical evolution of the Maloin Ranch pluton. Laramie anorthosite complex. Wyoming: petrology and mixing relations. AM MINERAL. 74, 307–24.Google Scholar
Lesher, C. E. 1990. Decoupling of chemical and isotopic exchange during magma mixing. NATURE 344, 235–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lesher, C. E. 1994. Kinetics of Sr and Nd exchange in silicate liquids: theory, experiments, and applications to uphill diffusion, isotopic equilibration, and irreversible mixing of magmas. J GEOPHYS RES 99, 9585–604.Google Scholar
McGarvie, D. W.. Macdonald, R., Pinkerton, H.&Smith, R. L. 1990. Petrogenetic evolution of the Torfajokull volcanic complex. Iceland II. The role of magma mixing. J PETROL 31, 461–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalf, R. V., Smith, E. I., Walker, J. D., Reed, R. C.&Gonzales, E. A. 1995. Isotopic disequilibrium among commingled hybrid magmas: evidence for a two-stage magma mixing-commingling process in the Mt. Perkins pluton. Arizona. J GEOL 103, 509–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael, P. J. 1991. Intrusion of basaltic magma into a crystallizing granitic magma chamber: the Cordillera del Paine pluton in southern Chile. CONTRIB MINERAL PETROL 108, 396–418.Google Scholar
Miller, C. F., Watson, E. B.&Harrison, T. M. 1988. Perspectives on the source, segregation and transport of granitoid magmas. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH: EARTH SCI 79, 135–56.Google Scholar
Montanini, A.. Barbieri, M.&Castorina, F. 1994. The role of fractional crystallization, crustal melting and magma mixing in the petrogenesis of hyolites and mafic inclusion-bearing dacites from the Monte Arci volcanic complex (Sardinia. Italy). J VOLCANOL GEOTHERM RES 61, 95–120.Google Scholar
Nixon, G. T. 1988. Petrology of the younger andesites and dacites of Iztaccihuatl volcano. Mexico: II. Chemical stratigraphy, magma mixing, and the composition of basaltic magma influx. J PETROL 29, 265–303.Google Scholar
O'Hara, M. J.&Mathews, R. E. 1981. Geochemical evolution in an advancing, periodically replenished, periodically tapped, continuously fractionating magma chamber. J GEOL SOC LONDON 138, 237–77.Google Scholar
Oldenburg, C. M.. Spera, F. J., Yuen, D. A.&Granville, S. 1989. Dynamic mixing in magma bodies: theory, simulations, and implications. J GEOPHYS RES 94, 9215–36.Google Scholar
Sparks, R. S. J.&Huppert, H. E. 1984. Density changes during fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas: fluid dynamic implications. CONTRIB MINERAL PETROL 85, 300–9.Google Scholar
Sparks, R. S. J.&Marshall, L. A. 1986. Thermal and mechanical constraints on mixing between mafic and silicic magmas. J VOLCANOL GEOTHERM RES 29, 99–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, B. W.&DePaolo, D. J. 1992. Diffusive isotopic contamination of mafic magma by coexisting silicic liquid in the Muskox intrusion. SCIENCE 255, 708–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Topley, C. G., Brown, M.&Power, G. M. 1982. Interpretation of field relationships of diorites and associated rocks with particular reference to northwest Guernsey, Channel Islands. GEOL J 17, 323–43.Google Scholar
Trial, A. F., Spera, F. J., Greer, J.&Yuen, D. A. 1992. Simulations of magma withdrawal from compositionally zoned bodies. J GEOPHYS RES 97, 6713–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Laan, S. R.&Wyllie, P. J. 1993. Experimental interaction of granitic and basaltic magmas and implications for mafic enclaves. J PETROL 34, 491–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, E. B.&Jurewicz, S. R. 1984. Behavior of alkalis during diffusive interaction of granitic xenoliths with basaltic magma. J GEOL 92, 121–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whalen, J. B., Currie, K. L.&Chappell, B. W. 1987. A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination, and petrogenesis. CONTRIB MINERAL PETROL 95, 407–19.Google Scholar
Wiebe, R. A. 1973. Relations between coexisting basaltic and granitic magmas in a composite dike. AM J SCI 273, 130–51.Google Scholar
Wiebe, R. A. 1974. Coexisting intermediate and basic magmas, Ingonish, Cape Breton Island. J GEOL 82, 74–87.Google Scholar
Wiebe, R. A. 1988. Structural and magmatic evolution of a magma chamber: the Newark Island layered intrusion, Nain, Labrador. J PETROL 29, 383–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiebe, R. A. 1993a. Basaltic injections into floored silicic magma chambers. EOS, TRANS AM GEOPHYS UNION 74, 1, 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiebe, R. A. 1993b. The Pleasant Bay layered gabbro-diorite, coastal Maine: ponding and crystallization of basaltic injections into a silicic magma chamber. J PETROL 34, 461–89.Google Scholar
Wiebe, R. A. 1994. Silicic magma chambers as traps for basaltic magmas: the Cadillac Mountain Intrusive Complex, Mount Desert Island, Maine. J GEOL 102, 423–37.Google Scholar
Wiebe, R. A.&Adams, S. D. Enclave-rich zones in the Gouldsboro granite, Maine: a record of eruption and compositional stratification in a silicic magma chamber. In Brown, M.&Piccoli, P. M. (eds) The Origin of Granites and Related Rocks. US GEOL SURV CIRC 1129, 165.Google Scholar