XXXI.—The Fossil Plants of the Carboniferous Rocks of Canonbie, Dumfriesshire, and of Parts of Cumberland and Northumberland

Robert Kidston

doi:10.1017/S0080456800034803

XXXI.—The Fossil Plants of the Carboniferous Rocks of Canonbie, Dumfriesshire, and of Parts of Cumberland and Northumberland

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 July 2012

Robert Kidston

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This communication deals with the fossil plants of the Calciferous Sandstone Series and Carboniferous Limestone Series of Eskdale and Liddesdale; of the Lower Coal Pleasures of Canonbie; of the Middle Coal Measures of Byre Burn, Canonbie; and of the Upper Coal Measures, Joekie's Syke, Cumberland; to which is added a list of the fossil plants of the Calciferous Sandstone Series of Cumberland and Northumberland, with the object of comparing them with those from the corresponding series in Scotland.

Type: Research Article
Information: Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 40 , Issue 4 , 1905 , pp. 741 - 833

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800034803 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1905

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^{page 741 note *} “The Canonbie Coal Field: its Geological Structure and Relations to the Carboniferous Rocks of the North of England and Scotland.” By Peach, B. N., and Horne, J., Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xl. p. 835Google Scholar.

^{page 742 note *} Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxx. p. 531.

^{page 742 note †} In my original paper these localities were erroneously placed in the “Cementstone Series.”

^{page 743 note *} Seward, Fossil Plants, p. 148, 1898.

^{page 743 note †} Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol xxx. p. 531, 1883Google Scholar.

^{page 746 note *} Die Pflanzenreste d. Artinskischen u. Permischen Ablagerungen im Osten des Europäischen Russland,—Mem. Comité géol., vol. ii. No. 4, p. 35, pl. ii. fig. 20, 1887Google Scholar.

^{page 746 note †} The Sphenopteris linearis, Brongt. (non Sternb.) is the Calymmalotheca affinis, L. and H., sp.

^{page 747 note *} Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. x. pp. 368 and 380, 1891Google Scholar.

^{page 749 note *} Vaffier, Etude géol. et paléont. du Carbonifere inférieur du Maconnais, p. 124, pl. vi. fig. 5, pl. vii. figs. 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f(Ann. de l'Universite de Lyon, Nouv. Sér., i. Sciences Médicine, fasc. 7), 1901.

^{page 751 note *} Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxx., pl. xxxi. fig. 1a.

^{page 756 note *} Brongniart, Prodrome, p. 87.

^{page 759 note *} Canadian Naturalist, vol. viii. No. 7, Feby. 1878Google Scholar, and specially see Geol. Survey of Canada,—Fossil Plants of the Erian (Devon.) and Upper Silurian Forms, of Canada, part ii. p. 119, 1882.

^{page 759 note †} Lycopodites pennæformis, Göpp., Foss. Flora d. Silur. Devon. u. unter. Kohlenf., p. 84, pl. xlii. fig. 2, 1860.

^{page 759 note ‡} Lycopodites Vanuxemi, Dawson, , Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xviii. p. 314, pl. xvii. fig. 57, 1862Google Scholar.

^{page 759 note §} Lycopodites plumula, Dawson, “Rept. Fossil Plants,—Low Carboniferous and Millstone Grit Forms, Canada,” p. 24, pl. i. figs. 7–9, 1873 (Geol. Survey of Canada).

^{page 759 note ∥} “Notes on some Scottish Devonian Plants,” Canadian Nat., vol. viii., Feby. 1878Google Scholar. See also figure of this specimen given by Carruthers, Journal of Botany, Nov. 1S73, pl. cxxxvii. fig. 2.

^{page 759 note ¶} Trochophyllum lineare, Lesqx., Coal Flora, vol. i. p. 64, pl. iii. figs. 24, 25, 25b, 1879Google Scholar. Ptilophyton lineare, Lesqx., ibid., vol. iii. p. 791, 1884. Dawson, Geol. Survey of Canada, “Fossil Plants of Erian (Devon.) and Upper Silur. Forms of Canada,” part iii. p. 119, 1882.

^{page 760 note *} “Fossil Plants, Erian (Devon.) and Upper Silur. Forms, of Canada,” part ii. p. 122, 1882.

^{page 760 note †} Geol. Department, Registration No. V1419.

^{page 760 note ‡} Catal. of Palæozoic Plants in the British Museum, p. 232.

^{page 760 note §} Caulopteris (?) Peuchii, Salter, , Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xv. p. 408, fig. 14Google Scholar.

^{page 760 note ∥} Vanuxem, Nat. Hist. New York, “Geol. of New York,” part iii., Survey of the Third Geological District, p. 175, fig. 46, 1842; also Hall, Nat. Hist. of New York, “Geol. of New York,” part iv., Geol. of Fourth Geol. District, p. 273, fig. 125, Albany, 1843.

^{page 761 note *} Hist. d. végét. foss., p. 56, pl. iv. figs. 2–6.

^{page 761 note †} Ante, p. 743.

^{page 763 note *} Ein Beitrag. zur Kenntniss d. Culm und Carbon Flora in Russland,—Verhandl. d. L. k. Geol. Reichsanstalt, vol. xxviii., Jahrgang 1878, No. 11, p. 219Google Scholar.

^{page 763 note †} These references apply to Schmalhausen's paper already referred to.

^{page 765 note *} Called after the parish of Canobie, more usually designated Canonbie.

^{page 766 note *} Sigillaria Polyploca, Boulay, Terr. honil. du Nord de la France, p. 47, pl. ii. fig. 8, 1876. See also Zeiller, Florr foss. bassin houil. d. Valen., p. 450, pl. lxxxii. figs. 7–8.

^{page 767 note *} Sigillaria Youngiana, Kidston, , Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. xii. p. 261, pl. vi. tigs. 2, 2aGoogle Scholar.

^{page 767 note †} Stigmaria Anabathra, var. rimosa, Goldenberg, Flora Saræp. foss., Heft iii. p. 19, pl. xiii. fig. 16.

^{page 767 note ‡} See Kidston, , Carboniferous Lycopods and Sphennphylls,—Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, vol. vi. (new series) p. 108, 1901Google Scholar.

^{page 770 note *} Lindley, and Hutton, , Fossil Flora, vol. ii., pl. cxlvii., 1835Google Scholar.

^{page 770 note †} In the Collection of the Geological Society, London.

^{page 775 note *} Flore Carbon d. Départ. d. l. Loire et d. Centre d. l. France, p. 113.

^{page 775 note †} Flore foss. terr. houil. d. Commentry, p. 266.

^{page 775 note ‡} Roehl, Foss. Flora d. Steink.-Form. Westph., pl. xvii.

^{page 785 note *} Foss. Flora d. Steink.-Form. Westph., l.c., in synonymy.

^{page 785 note †} Carbon-Flora d. Schatz. Schicht., vol. i., Die Farne, p. 259.

^{page 786 note *} Vers. d. böhm. Ablager., Abth. iii. p. 57, pl. xvi. fig. 2, 1876.

^{page 786 note †} Vers. d. Steinkf. in Sachsen, pl. xxiii. figs. 5–6.

^{page 786 note ‡} Zeitsch. d. deut. geol. Gesell., vol. xxv. pl. xiv. fig. 7.

^{page 786 note §} All described in Culm Flora, vol. ii. 1877.

^{page 786 note ∥} Ueher einige Carbonfarne, ii. Theil, Jahrb. d. König. preuss. geol. Landesanstalt fur 1890, p. 16, pls. vii.–ix., 1891.

^{page 786 note ¶} Fossil Flora, vol. iii. pl. cciv.

^{page 786 note **} Catal. Palæoz. Plants, p. 71, 1886.

^{page 786 note ††} Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxx. p. 531, 1883Google Scholar.

^{page 788 note *} Zeiller, Florr foss. bassin houil. d. Valen., p. 352.

^{page 789 note *} Hist. d. réyét. foss., pl. xxiv. figs. 2–5.

^{page 789 note †} Vers. d. Steinkf. in Sachsen, pl. xii. fig. 3.

^{page 789 note ‡} Steinkohl. Calamarien, part 2, pl. xxv. fig. 1.

^{page 789 note §} Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lix., pl. i. fig. 3.

^{page 789 note ∥} Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxvii., pl. ii. figs. 5–6. Proc. Yorks. Geol. and Polytech. Soc., vol. xiv, pl. xxxv. fig. 2.

^{page 789 note ¶} Stur, Calamarien d. Carbon-Flora d. Schatz. Schichten, p. 119.

^{page 789 note **} Essai flore monde print., vol. ii. p. 50, pl. xii.

^{page 789 note ††} Weiss, Steinkohlen Calamarien, part ii. p. 91, pl. vii. fig. 3.

^{page 790 note *} Stur, Die Calam. d. Carbon-Flora. d. Schatz. Schichten, p. 174.

^{page 790 note †} Göppert, Foss. Flora d. Ubergangs, p. 122, pl. xlii. fig. 1.

^{page 794 note *} Reg. No. K/3130.

^{page 795 note *} Hist. d. végét. foss., vol. ii., pl. xiv.

^{page 795 note †} Fossil Flora, vol. ii., pl. cxviii.

^{page 797 note *} l.c., p. 61, pl. iii. figs. 16, 16a.

^{page 797 note †} l.c., p. 62, pl. iii. figs. 17, 17a, 18, 18a.

^{page 801 note *} These are the first British records, but their horizon on the Continent corresponds to our Middle Coal Measures.

^{page 802 note *} Kidston, , “On the various Divisions of British Carboniferous Rocks as determined by their Fossil Flora,” Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. xii. pp. 228–229, 1894Google Scholar. Also “Additional Records and Notes on the Fossil Flora of the Potteries Coalfield, North Staffordshire,” Trans. N. Staffordshire Field Club, 1897, Stoke-upon-Trent.

^{page 804 note *} Hist. d. végét. foss., p. 284, pl. xc.

^{page 805 note *} Beitr. z. geol. Kenntniss d. nordwestl. Harzgebirges, iv. Abth., Palæont., vol. ix. p. 28, pl. vi. fig. 1.

^{page 805 note †} Vers. von Wettin u. Löbejun, p. 33, pl. xii., 1845.

^{page 805 note ‡} Flora d. Vorwelt, p. 59, pl. xiv. fig. 27, Peterfactenkunde, p. 406.

^{page 811 note *} Martin's specimen probably comes from this horizon.

^{page 814 note *} Beitr. z. foss. Flora Spitzbergens, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Akad. Handl., Band 14, No. 5, 1876.

^{page 814 note †} Catal. Pelœoz. Plants, p. 67; also Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxiii. p. 145.

^{page 814 note ‡} Foss. Flora d. Polarlünder, Erst. Theil, Erst. Lief., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Akad., Band 26, No. 4, 1894.

^{page 816 note *} The plant figured here appears to be the Sphenopteris dicaricata, Göpp., sp.

^{page 817 note *} Culm Flora, Heft i. p. 22, pl v. figs. 3–6, 1875.

^{page 822 note *} Williamson, , Proc. Roy. Soc. London, vol. xlii. p. 6Google Scholar.

^{page 822 note *} Lindley, and Hutton, , l.c., vol ii. p. 45Google Scholar.

^{page 822 note *} Phil. Trans., 1893, b, p. 1. See also Proc. Roy. Soc. London, vol. xlii p. 6, 1886Google Scholar.

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XXXI.—The Fossil Plants of the Carboniferous Rocks of Canonbie, Dumfriesshire, and of Parts of Cumberland and Northumberland

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