Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T00:50:06.595Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Environmental impact and risk management strategies of Bt cotton commercialization in China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 August 2007

Wu Kong-Ming
Wu Kong-Ming*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Transgenic cotton expressing the Cry1Ac toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis has been planted widely in China since 1997, and reached 70% of the total cotton area in 2006. The results of monitoring the environmental impact of Bt cotton commercialization indicated that the target pests, cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), were effectively controlled while the mirids (Hemiptera: Miridae) evolved to be key pests in the cotton system. There were no significant changes in resistance gene frequency of field populations of cotton bollworm, but a shift toward increased tolerance was apparent in the area of intensive planting of Bt cotton, indicating that the potential risk of resistance of the target pest has become a major threat for sustainable planting of Bt cotton. Considering the factors associated with the evolution of resistance, risk management strategies are discussed in this paper.

Keywords

Bt cottontarget pestenvironmental impactresistance management
Type
Review Article
Information
Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , August 2007 , pp. 93 - 97
Copyright
Copyright © China Agricultural University and Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

First published in Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 2007, 15(1): 1–4

References

Feng, FQ, Wu, KM, Ni, YX, et al. (2005) High-altitude windborne transport of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in mid-summer in northern China. Journal of Insect Behavior 18(3): 335–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, C (2005) Global status of commercialized biotech. GM Crops Brief No. 34.Google Scholar
Li, GP, Wu, KM, Gould, F, et al. (2004) Frequency of Bt resistance genes in Helicoverpa armigera populations from the Yellow River cotton-farming region of China. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 112: 135–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, HB, Wu, KM, Yang, XR, et al. (2006) Trend of occurrence of cotton bollworm and control efficacy of Bt cotton in cotton planting region of southern Xinjiang. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 39(1): 199–205 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Li, Wei-Di, Wu, KM, Chen, XX, et al. (2003) Effects of transgenic cottons carrying Cry1A+CpTI and Cry1A genes on the structures and composition of pest and beneficial arthropod communities in cotton field in North China. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 11(5): 494–499 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Li, Wen-Dong, Ye, GY, Wu, KM, et al. (2002) Evaluation of impact of pollen grains of Bt, Bt/CPTI transgenic cotton and Bt corn on the growth and development of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Bombyxidae). Scientia Agricultura Sinica 35(11): 1543–1549 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Li, Wen-Dong, Wu, KM, Wang, XQ, et al. (2003) Evaluation of impact of pollen grains of Cry1Ac and Cry1A+CpTI transgenic cotton on the growth and development of Chinese tussah silkworm (Antheraea pernyi). Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 11(5): 488–493 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Li, YH, Zhang, YJ, Wu, KM, et al. (2005) Degradation dynamics of Cry1Ac insecticidal protein in leaves of Bt cotton under different environments. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 38(4): 714–718 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Liang, GM, Tan, WJ and Guo, YY (2000) Study on screening and inheritance mode of resistance to Bt transgenic cotton in cotton bollworm. Acta Entomologica Sinica 43 (Suppl.): 57–62 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Luo, SD, Wang, GR, Liang, GM, et al. (2006) Binding of three Cry1A toxins in resistant and susceptible strains of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 85(2): 104–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wan, P, Wu, KM, Huang, MS, et al. (2004) Seasonal pattern of infestation by pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) in field plots of Bt transgenic cotton in the Yangtze River Valley of China. Crop Protection 23(5): 463–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wan, P, Zhang, YJ, Wu, KM, et al. (2005) Seasonal expression profiles of insecticidal protein and control efficacy against Helicoverpa armigera for Bt cotton in the Yangtze River Valley of China. Journal of Economic Entomology 98(1): 195–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, GR, Wu, KM, Liang, GM, et al. (2005a) Gene cloning and expression of cadherin in midgut of Helicoverpa armigera and its Cry1A binding region. Sciences of China (Series C) 48(4): 346–356.Google ScholarPubMed
Wang, GR, Liang, GM, Wu, KM, et al. (2005b) Gene cloning and sequencing of aminopeptidase N3, a putative receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). European Journal of Entomology 102(1): 13–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, KM and Guo, YY (2003) Influences of Bt cotton planting on population dynamics of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, in northern China. Environmental Entomology 32: 312–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, KM and Guo, YY (2005) The evolution of cotton pest management practices in China. Annual Review of Entomology 50: 31–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, KM, Guo, YY and Gao, SS (2002a) Evaluation of the natural refuge function for Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) within Bt transgenic cotton growing areas in north China. Journal of Economic Entomology 95(4): 832–837.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, KM, Guo, YY and Lv, N, et al. (2002b) Resistance monitoring of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt insecticidal protein in China. Journal of Economic Entomology 95(4): 826–831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, KM, Li, WD, Feng, HQ, et al. (2002c) Seasonal abundance of the mirids, Lygus lucorum and Adelphocoris spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Bt cotton in northern China. Crop Protection 21(10): 997–1002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, KM, Guo, YY, Lv, N, et al. (2003) Efficacy of transgenic cotton containing a cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in northern China. Journal of Economic Entomology 96(4): 1322–1328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, KM, Feng, HQ and Guo, YY (2004) Evaluation of maize as a refuge for management of resistance to Bt cotton by Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in the Yellow River cotton farming region of China. Crop Protection 23(6): 523–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, KM, Mu, W, Liang, GM, et al. (2005) Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science 61: 491–498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, KM, Guo, YY and Head, G (2006) Resistance monitoring of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt insecticidal protein during 2001–2004 in China. Journal of Economic Entomology 99(3): 893–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, X, Yu, L and Wu, YD (2005) Disruption of a cadherin gene associated with resistance to Cry1Ac δ-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in Helicoverpa armigera. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71: 948–954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhao, JZ, Cao, J, Li, Y, et al. (2003) Transgenic plants expressing two Bacillus thuringiensis toxins delay insect resistance evolution. Nature Biotechnology 21: 1493–1497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed