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Epilogue: New Drugs for Neglected Diseases
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2011
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In a widely cited 2003 article, DiMasi, Hansen, and Grabowski estimated the cost of pharmaceutical research and development to be $1.1 billion (year 2000 U.S. dollars) per new medicine coming onto the market in 2001. They also estimate that this cost is going up at a real (inflation-adjusted) rate of 7.4% annually. According to these estimates, the innovation cost per new medicine today is about $2.1 billion (year 2000 U.S. dollars) or $2.65 billion (year 2010 U.S. dollars).
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- Symposium on Global Bioethics
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References
1. DiMasi, JA, Hansen, RW, Grabowski, HG.The price of innovation: New estimates of drug development costs. Journal of Health Economics 2003;22:51–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. See note 1, DiMasi et al. 2003:181. The article explains why the cost is so high. One factor is risk: successful drug launches must bear the cost of unsuccessful efforts. Another factor is discounting: companies must pay for the work long before they reap any rewards. The authors report that companies value their capital at a real discount rate of 11% per annum. This means, for example, that a reward of $1000 in 2010 justifies an investment of $513 in 2003. Taking inflation into account, a reward in 2010 of $1000 (year 2010 U.S. dollars) justifies an investment in 2003 of only $433 (year 2003 U.S. dollars).
3. See note 1, DiMasi et al. 2003:181.
4. UNITAID was established by the United Nations to scale up access to drugs for HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis in an effort to reach the Millennium Development Goals.
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