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How to Reduce Conflicts Between Mining Companies and Artisanal Miners in the Province of Lualaba: Overcoming the Policy and Systemic Barriers to a Model that Respects Human Rights

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2020

Emmanuel Umpula NKUMBA Open the ORCID record for Emmanuel Umpula NKUMBA [Opens in a new window]
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Abstract

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Keywords

artisanal miningDRChuman rightsmining
Type
Developments in the Field
Information
Business and Human Rights Journal , Volume 5 , Issue 2 , July 2020 , pp. 296 - 302
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

Director, AFREWATCH, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The author has no conflicts of interest.

References

1 Amnesty International and African Resource Watch, ‘“This is What We Die For” Human Rights Abuses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Power the Global Trade in Cobalt’ (January 2016), https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR6231832016ENGLISH.PDF (accessed 23 April 2020).

2 Author interview with miners in Tilwezembe, DRC, conducted on March 19, 2020.

3 https://www.google.fr/search?source=hp&ei=7UCCXquDPYPhkgWh96CoDg&q=kinshasa+2017%3A+atelier+sur+le+cobalt&oq=kinshasa+2017%3A+atelier+sur+le+cobalt&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzIFCCEQoAE6AggAOgUIABCDAToCCCY6BggAEBYQHjoECCEQFToICCEQFhAdEB5QmAVYn8EBYI3SAWgFcAB4AIAB5QaIAaqLAZIBCjMtMjMuOS42LjOYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwjrrf6Z8MLoAhWDsKQKHaE7COUQ4dUDCAY&uact=5

4 SICOMINES pledged $2.5 million to support ZEA for miners.

5 Artisanal Mining Zones (ZEA) nos 076 and 078.

6 AFREWATCHDRC, ‘L’etat congolais doit disponibiliser des zones d’exploitation artisanale pour régler durablement le conflit entre les creuseurs et les entreprises minières’ (2 July 2019), http://www.afrewatch.org/?q=L-Etat-congolais-doit-disponibiliser-des-zones-d-exploitation-artisanale-pour-regler-durablement-le-conflit-entre-les-creuseurs-et-les-entreprises-minieres (accessed 23 April 2020).

7 Ibid.

8 Workshop on Artisanal Mining in Lualaba Province, organized by African Resources Watch, 17–18 March 2020.

9 Vincent Faber, ‘The Mutoshi Project: A Preview of Unexplored Opportunities for Corporate Philanthropy’ Trafigura Insights Blog (16 December 2019), https://www.trafigurafoundation.org/about-us/highlights/unexplored-opportunities-for-corporate-philanthropy/ (accessed 23 April 2020).

10 Nene Morisho, Sara Johansson de Silva and Tove Strauss, ‘The Mutoshi Pilot Project: Local Economic Impact of a Project Aimed at Formalizing Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining’ (December 2019), https://delvedatabase.org/uploads/resources/2019_Trafigura_the_Mutoshi-Pilot_Project_English.pdf (accessed 23 April 2020).

11 OHADA: Article 8 of Uniform Act on Cooperatives (5 December 2010), https://www.ohada.org/index.php/en/auscoop-droit-des-societes-cooperatives-en/auscoop-presentation-et-innovations-en (accessed 23 April 2020).

12 Author interview with diggers in Kolwezi conducted on 16 March 2020.

13 DRC Mining Cadastre Portal (2 April 2020), http://drclicences.cami.cd/fr/ (accessed 23 April 2020).

14 See Revised Mining Code in DRC, Article 30.

15 Mining Code of DRC, Exploitation Permit Number 2604, Mutoshi Mine.

16 Kolwezi Mining Company (SMK), Portal for Information on the Industrial Mining Sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, CongoMines (2019), http://congomines.org/drc_companies/116-societe-miniere-de-kolwezi?page=2 (accessed 23 April 2020).

17 Author interview with diggers in Kolwezi conducted on 16 March 2020.

18 Amnesty International and African Resource Watch, ‘“This is What We Die For” Human Rights Abuses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Power the Global Trade in Cobalt (January 2016), https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR6231832016ENGLISH.PDF (accessed 23 April 2020).

19 Author interview with diggers in Kolwezi conducted on 16 March 2020.

20 https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/rdc-au-moins-36-morts-dans-l-effondrement-d-une-mine-de-cuivre-et-cobalt-20190627

21 https://www.voaafrique.com/a/rdc-un-mort-dans-des-heurts-autour-de-concessions-minieres/5047620.html

22 Ibid.

23 AFREWATCH DRC, ‘The Congolese Government Have to Provide Artisanal Mining Exploitation Zones to Reduce Conflict Between Artisanal Miners and Industrial Mining’ (2 July 2019), http://www.afrewatch.org/?q=L-Etat-congolais-doit-disponibiliser-des-zones-d-exploitation-artisanale-pour-regler-durablement-le-conflit-entre-les-creuseurs-et-les-entreprises-minieres (accessed 23 April 2020).

24 Aaron Ross, ‘Send in the Troops: Congo Raises the Stakes in Illegal Mining’ (19 July 2019), https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-congo-mining-insight/send-in-the-troops-congo-raises-the-stakes-on-illegal-mining-idUKKCN1UC0BP (accessed 23 April 2020).

25 Information obtained from the father of the victim Mr Joseph on 6 July 2019.

26 Information obtained from family members of victims on 2 August 2019.

27 Information obtained from family members of victims on 26 January 2020.

28 Patricia Sabga, ‘DR Congo Mine Collapse Death Toll Rises to 43’ Al Jazeera News (28 June 2019), https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2019/06/dr-congo-collapse-kills-41-190627164654596.html (accessed 23 April 2020).

29 Thierry Mfundu, ‘Éboulement d’une mine à Kolwezi: le bilan revu à la hausse’ (28 June 2019), https://www.politico.cd/la-rdc-a-la-une/2019/06/28/eboulement-dune-mine-a-kolwezi-le-bilan-revu-a-la-hausse.html/44216/ (accessed 23 April 2020).

30 Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development, Global Trends in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM): A Review of Key Numbers and Issues (2017), https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/igf-asm-global-trends.pdf (accessed 23 April 2020).