Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:22:34.712Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The role of large-scale spatially explicit and small-scale localized processes on the population dynamics of cereal aphids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

L. Winder ,
G.J.K. Griffiths ,
J.N. Perry ,
C.J. Alexander ,
J.M. Holland ,
P.J. Kennedy  and
A. Birt
L. Winder*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
G.J.K. Griffiths
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth at Seale-Hayne, Newton Abbot, Devon, TQ12 6NQ, UK
J.N. Perry
Affiliation:
Plant and Insect Ecology Division, Rothamsted-Research, Rothamsted, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
C.J. Alexander
Affiliation:
Plant and Insect Ecology Division, Rothamsted-Research, Rothamsted, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
J.M. Holland
Affiliation:
The Game Conservancy Trust, Fordingbridge, Hants, SP6 1EF, UK
P.J. Kennedy
Affiliation:
Syngenta, Ecological Sciences, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berks, RG42 6EY, UK
A. Birt
Affiliation:
Syngenta, Ecological Sciences, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berks, RG42 6EY, UK
*
*Fax: 00 (679) 3231513 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A field-scale study of the spatially explicit interaction between the carabid Poecilus cupreus Linnaeus, and two common aphid species (Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker)) in winter wheat was conducted. All three species showed considerable spatial pattern at the field scale. Activity-density of P. cupreus was an order of magnitude higher in the central part of the field compared to its periphery. Where P. cupreus activity-density was highest, S. avenae and M. dirhodum population peaks were delayed. Additionally, in the case of M. dirhodum, lower maximum counts were evident where P. cupreus activity-density was highest. An analysis of the movement of individual P. cupreus using release–recapture indicated that those beetles within the centre of the field exhibited reduced displacement, which may have caused the generation or maintenance of spatial pattern. Crop density was also measured throughout the field. Although crop density had no large-scale spatial pattern, its variability at the small-scale was consistent with an influence on aphid population dynamics. This study demonstrates empirically that both large-scale spatially explicit and small-scale localized processes influenced aphid population dynamics simultaneously.

Keywords

spatialcereal aphidsSADIEspatially explicit
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 95 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 579 - 587
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brenner, R.J., Focks, D.A., Arbogast, R.T., Weaver, D.K. & Shuman, D. (1998) Practical use of spatial analysis in precision targeting for integrated pest management. American Entomologist, summer edition, 79–101.Google Scholar
Cardinale, B.J., Harvey, C.T., Gross, K. & Ives, A.R. (2003) Biodiversity and biocontrol: emergent impact of a multi-enemy assemblage on pest suppression and crop yield in an agroecosystem. Ecology Letters 6, 857–865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiverton, P.A. (1986) Predator density manipulation and its effects on populations of Rhopalosiphum padi (Hom., Aphididae) in spring barley. Annals of Applied Biology 109, 49–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dutilleul, P. (1993) Modifying the t-test for assessing the correlation between two spatial processes. Biometrics 49, 305–314.Google Scholar
Edwards, C.A., Sunderland, K.D. & George, K.S. (1979) Studies on polyphagous predators of cereal aphids. Journal of Applied Ecology 16, 811–823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernandez-Garcia, A.F., Griffiths, G.J.K. & Thomas, C.F.G. (2000) Density, distribution and dispersal of the carabid beetle Nebria brevicollis in two adjacent cereal fields. Annals of Applied Biology 137, 89–97.Google Scholar
Griffiths, G.J.K., Alexander, C.J., Birt, A., Holland, J.M., Kennedy, P.J., Perry, J.N., Preston, R. & Winder, L. (2005) A method for rapidly mass laser-marking individually coded carabid beetles in the field. Ecological Entomology, in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassell, M.P., Comins, H.N. & May, R.M. (1994) Species co-existence and self-organising spatial dynamics. Nature 370, 290–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, J.M. & Luff, M.L. (2000) The effects of agricultural practices on Carabidae in temperate agroecosystems. Integrated Pest Management Reviews 5, 109–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, J.M., Winder, L., Woolley, C., Alexander, C.J. & Perry, J.N. (2004a) The spatial dynamics of crop and ground active predatory arthropods and their aphid prey in winter wheat. Bulletin of Entomological Research 94, 419–431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holland, J.M., Begbie, M., Birkett, T., Southway, S. & Thomas, S.R. (2004b) The spatial dynamics and movement of Pterostichus melanarius and P. madidus (Carabidae) between and within arable fields in the UK. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science 30, 35–53.Google Scholar
Holland, J.M., Thomas, C.F.G, Birkett, T., Southway, S. & Oaten, H. (2005) Farm-scale spatio-temporal dynamics of predatory beetles in arable crops. Journal of Applied Ecology, in press.Google Scholar
Honek, A. (1985) Plant density and abundance of cereal aphids (Hom. Aphidina). Journal of Applied Entomology 100, 309–316.Google Scholar
Honek, A. (1987) Effect of plant quality and microclimate on population growth and maximum abundances of cereal aphids, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) and Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hom., Aphididae). Journal of Applied Entomology 104, 304–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honek, A. (1988) The effects of crop density and microclimate on pitfall trap catches of Carabidae, Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) and Lycosidae (Araneae) in cereal fields. Pedobiologia 32, 233–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honek, A. (1991) Environment stress, plant quality and abundance of cereal aphids (Hom. Aphididae) on winter wheat. Journal of Applied Entomology 112, 65–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, G.W., Dixon, A.F.G. (1997) Enemy-free space and the feeding niche of an aphid. Ecological Entomology 22, 271–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ives, A.R., Kareiva, P. & Perry, R. (1993) Response of a predator to variation in prey density at three hierarchical scales: lady beetles feeding on aphids. Ecology 74, 1929–1938.Google Scholar
Jeffries, M.J. & Lawton, J.H. (1984) Enemy free space and the structure of ecological communities. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 23, 269–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kareiva, P. & Odell, G. (1987) Swarms of predators exhibit 'preytaxis' if individual predators use area-restricted search. American Naturalist 130, 233–270.Google Scholar
Kean, J., Wratten, S., Tylianakis, J. & Barlow, N. (2003) The population consequences of natural enemy enhancement and implications for conservation biological control. Ecology Letters 6, 604–612.Google Scholar
Kielty, J.P., Allen-Williams, L.J. & Underwood, N. (1999) Prey preferences of six species of Carabidae (Coleoptera) and one Lycosidae (Araneae) commonly found in UK arable crop fields. Journal of Applied Entomology 123, 193–200.Google Scholar
Kleijn, D. & Sutherland, W.J. (2003) How effective are European agri-environment schemes in conserving and promoting biodiversity. Journal of Applied Ecology 40, 947–969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kromp, B. (1999) Carabid beetles in sustainable agriculture: a review on pest control efficacy, cultivation impacts and enhancement. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74, 187–228.Google Scholar
Langellotto, G.A. & Denno, R.F. (2004) Responses of invertebrate natural enemies to complex-structures habitats: a meta-analysis synthesis. Oecologia 139, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menalled, F.D., Lee, J.C. & Landis, D.A. (1999) Manipulating carabid beetle abundance alters prey removal rates in corn fields. BioControl 43, 441–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monsrud, C. & Toft, S. (1999) The aggregative numerical response of polyphagous predators to aphids in cereal fields: attraction to what. Annals of Applied Biology 134, 265–270.Google Scholar
Mundy, C.A., Allen-Williams, L.J., Underwood, N. & Warrington, S. (2000) Prey selection and foraging behaviour by Pterostichus cupreus L. (Col., Carabidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Applied Entomology 124, 349–358.Google Scholar
Ostman, O., Ekbom, B. & Bengtsson, J. (2003) Yield increase attributable to aphid predation by ground-living polyphagous natural enemies in spring barley in Sweden. Ecological Economics 45, 149–158.Google Scholar
Perry, J.N. & Dixon, P. (2002) A new method to measure spatial association for ecological count data. Ecoscience 9, 133–141.Google Scholar
Perry, J.N., Winder, L., Holland, J.M. & Alston, R.D. (1999) Red-blue plots for detecting clusters in count data. Ecology Letters 2, 106–113.Google Scholar
Riechert, S.E., Provencher, L. & Lawrence, K. (1999) The potential of spiders to exhibit stable equilibrium point control of prey: tests of two criteria. Ecological Applications 9, 365–377.Google Scholar
Rohani, P., Lewis, T.J., Grunbaum, D. & Ruxton, G.D. (1997) Spatial self-organization in ecology: pretty patterns or robust reality. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12, 70–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sapoukhina, N., Tyutyunov, Y. & Arditi, R. (2003) The role of prey taxis in biological control: a spatial theoretical model. American Naturalist 162, 62–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schindler, D.W. (1998) Replication versus realism: the need for ecosystem-scale experiments. Ecosystems 1, 323–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, M.H., Lauer, A., Purtauf, T., Thies, C., Schaefer, M. & Tscharntke, T. (2003) Relative importance of predators and parasitoids for cereal aphid control. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 270, 1905–1909.Google Scholar
Schotzko, D.J. & O'Keefe, L.E. (1989) Geostatistical description of the spatial distribution of Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in lentils. Journal of Economic Entomology 82, 1277–1288.Google Scholar
Schotzko, D.J. & Quisenberry, S.S. (1999) Pea leaf weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) spatial distribution in peas. Environmental Entomology 28, 477–484.Google Scholar
Settle, W.H., Ariawan, H., Astuti, E.T., Cahyana, W., Hakim, A.L., Hindayana, D., Lestari, A.S., Pajarningsih, & Sartanto, (1996) Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternative prey. Ecology 77, 1975–1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. & Comins, H.N. (1976) A synoptic population model. Journal of Animal Ecology 45, 949–965.Google Scholar
Steinberg, K. & Kareiva, P. (1997) Challenges and opportunities for empirical evaluation of spatial theory. pp. 318–331 (Eds) Tilman, D.Kareiva, P.Spatial ecology. Princeton, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sunderland, K.D. (2002) Invertebrate pest control by carabids. pp. 165–214in Holland, J.M.The agroecology of carabid beetles. Andover, Intercept.Google Scholar
Symondson, W.O.C., Sunderland, K.D. & Greenstone, M.H. (2002) Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents. Annual Review of Entomology 47, 561–594.Google Scholar
Thomas, C.F.G., Parkinson, L. & Marshall, E.J.P. (1998) Isolating the components of activity-density for the carabid beetles Pterostichus melanarius in farmland. Oecologia 166, 103–112.Google Scholar
Thomas, C.F.G., Parkinson, L., Griffiths, G.J.K., Fernandez, Garcia A., Marshall, E.J.P. (2001) Aggregation and temporal stability of carabid distributions in field and hedgerow habitats. Journal of Applied Ecology 38, 100–116.Google Scholar
Thomas, C.F.G., Holland, J.M. & Brown, N.J. (2002) The spatial distribution of carabid beetles in agricultural landscapes. pp. 305–344 in Holland, J.M. (Ed.) The agroecology of carabid beetles. Intercept, Andover.Google Scholar
Veldtman, R. & McGeoch, M.A. (2004) Spatially explicit analyses unveil density dependence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 271, 2439–2444.Google Scholar
Wallin, H. & Ekbom, B. (1994) Influence of hunger level and prey densities on movement patterns in three species of Pterostichus beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Environmental Entomology 23, 1171–1181.Google Scholar
Winder, L., Perry, J.N. & Holland, J.M. (1999) The spatial and temporal distribution of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae in winter wheat. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 93, 277–290.Google Scholar
Winder, L., Alexander, C., Holland, J.M., Woolley, C. & Perry, J.N. (2001a) Modelling the dynamic spatio-temporal response of predators to transient prey patches in the field. Ecology Letters 4, 568–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winder, L., Holland, J.M., Perry, J.N., Woolley, C. & Alexander, C.J. (2001b) The use of barrier-connected pitfall trapping for sampling predatory beetles and spiders. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 98, 249–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winder, L., Alexander, C.J., Holland, J.M., Symondson, W.O.C., Perry, J.N. & Woolley, C. (2005) Predatory activity and spatial pattern: the response of generalist carabids to their aphid prey. Journal of Animal Ecology 74, 443–454.Google Scholar
Zadoks, J., Cheng, T. & Konzak, C. (1974) A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14, 415–421.Google Scholar