Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T20:37:33.807Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Three Years Mosquito Control Work in Calcutta

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

R. Senior White
Affiliation:
Honorary Correspondent, Zoological Survey of India; Malariologist, Bengal-Nagpur Railway.

Extract

It was in December 1929 that the writer first tried to reduce the terrible mosquito nuisance which each winter plagues the City of Calcutta. His efforts were naturally confined to an attempt to alleviate conditions in the Bengal-Nagpur Railway's Headquarters Colony at Garden Reach, but it soon became obvious that by control in the relatively small area of land belonging to the railway very little could be accomplished, and that to achieve anything appreciable a very much larger acreage would have to be put under control. So when in the ensuing winter of 1930–31 other property owners in the vicinity became aware that this railway was attempting to do something and evinced interest in the matter, advantage was taken of this to form the Garden Reach Anti-Malaria Association, the initiation of which also received a considerable impetus from the virulent outbreak of malaria in the previous autumn at Budge Budge, some 18 miles down-river from the City. This outbreak, and the organisation of and area covered by the Association, are described by Covell (1932).

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1934

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Balfour, A. 1920. War against Tropical Disease, p. 22.Google Scholar
Ball, S. C. 1918. Migration of insects to Rebecca Shoal Light Station and the Tortugas Islands, with special reference to mosquitos and flies.—Papers Dep. Marine Biol., Carnegie Inst. 12, pp. 195212.Google Scholar
Barber, M. A. 1927. The food of Anopheline larvae. Food Organisms in pure culture.—U.S. Pub. Hlth. Rep. 42, pp. 14941510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, M. A. 1928. The food of Culicine larvae. Food organisms in pure culture.—U.S. Pub. Hlth. Rep. 43, pp. 1117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barraud, P. J. 19231929. A revision of the Culicine Mosquitos of India.—Ind. J. Med. Res. 1017 (26 parts).Google Scholar
Barraud, P. J. 1931. Notes on some Indian species of the subgenus Stegomyia, with descriptions of new species.—Ind. J. Med. Res. 19, pp. 221227.Google Scholar
Basu, B. C. 1930. The Anopheles stephensi problem in Calcutta.—Ind. Med. Gaz. 64, pp. 121138.Google Scholar
Bodkin, G. E. 1921. Report on Malaria Mosquitos in Potaro District.—J. Bd. Agric. Br. Guiana 14, pp. 262265.Google Scholar
Boyd, M. F. 1930a. An Introduction to Malariology, pp. 328330.Google Scholar
Boyd, M. F. 1930b. Studies on the bionomics of North American Anophelines. VI. Some observations on Imagines.—Amer. J. Hyg. 12, pp. 449466.Google Scholar
Brunetti, E. 1907. Annotated catalogue of Oriental Culicidae.—Rec. Ind. Mus. 1, pp. 297377.Google Scholar
Brunetti, E. 1912. Annotated catalogue of Oriental Culicidae, Supplement.—Rec. Ind. Mus. 4, pp. 403517.Google Scholar
Buxton, P. A. 1927. Researches in Polynesia and Melanesia, Parts I-IV.—Lond. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir I.Google Scholar
Buxton, P. A. 1931. The law governing the loss of water from an insect.—Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 6, pp. 2736.Google Scholar
Buxton, P. A. 1933. The effect of climatic conditions upon populations of insects.—Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 26, pp. 325364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christophers, S. R. 1921. The distribution of mosquitos in relation to the zoo-geographical areas of the Indian Empire.—Proc. Fourth Entom. Meeting, Pusa, pp. 205215.Google Scholar
Coutts Milne, J. 1933. Some Malayan Culicines.—Malayan Med. J. 8, pp. 4649.Google Scholar
Covell, G. 1927. The distribution of Anopheline mosquitos in India and Ceylon. —Ind. Med. Res. Memoir 5.Google Scholar
Covell, G. 1931. The distribution of Anopheline mosquitos in India and Ceylon. Additional Records 19261930.—Rec. Mai. Sur. Ind. 2, pp. 225268.Google Scholar
Covell, G. 1932. Malaria in Calcutta.—Rec. Mai. Sur. Ind. 3, pp. 182.Google Scholar
Davis, N. C. 1926. Studies on the dispersion of resting Anopheline mosquitos from dwellings in Brazil.—Amer. J. Hyg. 6, pp. 2335.Google Scholar
Dyar, H. G. 1921. The swarming of Culex quinyuefasciatus.—Ins. Ins. Mens. 9, p. 32.Google Scholar
Farquharson, C. O. 1918. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. pp. 2939.Google Scholar
Gater, B. A. R. 1933. Notes on Malayan Mosquitos—II.—Malayan Med. J. 8, pp. 4345.Google Scholar
Gibbins, E. G. 1933. The domestic Anopheles mosquitos of Uganda.—Ann. Trop. Med. Paras. 27, pp. 1525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giles, G. 1902. A handbook of the gnats or mosquitos. 2nd edn., p. 248.Google Scholar
Gill, C. A. 1921. The influence of humidity on the life-history of mosquitos and on their power to transmit infection.—Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 14, pp. 7783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grassi, B. & Sella, M. 1920. Seconde relazione della lotta antimalarica a Fiumicino. Roma, Ministerio dell' Interno, p. 188.Google Scholar
Hackett, L. W. & Missiroli, A. 1931a. The natural disappearance of malaria in certain regions of Europe.—Amer. J. Hyg. 13, pp. 5778.Google Scholar
Hackett, L. W. & Missiroli, A. 1931b. Field studies on the cause of the natural disappearance of malaria in certain regions in Europe.—C. R. 2nd. Intern. Cong. Palud., Vol. I, p. 340.Google Scholar
Hackett, L. W. & Missiroli, A., Martini, E. & Missiroli, A. 1932. The races of A. maculipennis.—Amer. J. Hyg. 16, pp. 137162.Google Scholar
Hamlyn-Harris, R. 1927. Notes on the breeding-places of two mosquitos in Queensland.—Bull. Ent. Res. 17, pp. 411414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamlyn-Harris, R. 1928a. The relation of certain algae to breeding-places of mosquitos in Queensland.—Bull. Ent. Res. 18, pp. 377389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamlyn-Harris, R.. 1928b. Notes on the breeding habits of Culex fatigans Wied., and its associated mosquitos in Queensland.—Proc. R. Soc. Qd. 40, pp. 91103.Google Scholar
Hamlyn-Harris, R.. 1930. The consideration of certain factors as potentialities in mosquito control in Australia.–Proc. R. Soc. Qd. 42, pp. 86105.Google Scholar
Hill, G. F. 1922. Notes on the habits and distribution of some North Australian CulicidaeAust. Dep. Health Service Publ. 21.Google Scholar
Hinman, E. H. 1932a. The utilization of water colloids and material in solution by aquatic animals, with especial reference to mosquito larvae.—Quart. Rev. Biol. 7, pp. 210217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinman, E. H. 1932b. Enzymes in the alimentary canal of mosquito larvae.—Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 29, pp. 915916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinman, E. H. 1933. Enzymes in the digestive tract of mosquito larvae.—Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 26, pp. 4552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iyengar, M. O. T. 1920. Preliminary report of a malaria survey of Calcutta and environs.—Ind. J. Med. Res., Spcl. Ind. Sci. Congress No., pp. 817.Google Scholar
James, S. P. 1914. A year‘s mosquito work in Colombo.—Ind. J. Med. Res. 2 pp. 227263.Google Scholar
Kerr, J. A. 1933. Studies on the abundance, distribution and feeding habits of some West African mosquitos.—Bull. Ent. Res. 24, pp. 493510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, H. H. 1929. A house to house Filariasis Survey in Saidapet, 1927–28, and a note on the source of filarial infection in mosquitos.—Ind. J. Med. Res 17, pp. 406420.Google Scholar
King, W. V. 1932. The Philippine Anopheles of the rossi—ludlowi group.—Philipp J. Sci. 67, pp. 305342.Google Scholar
Kingsbury, N. 1932. Rep. Inst. Med. Res. Federated Malay States, 1931, p. 23Google Scholar
Kligler, I. J. 1925. Flight of Anopheles mosquitos.—Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med Hyg. 18, pp. 199202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kligler, I. J. 1932. The movements of Anopheles at various seasons of the year, with special reference to infected mosquitos.—Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 26 pp. 7388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kligler, I. J. 1933. Notes on housing in relation to malaria.—League of Nations Circular CH/Malaria, p. 194.Google Scholar
Korke, V. 1930a. Observations on the correlation between the incidence of filarial infection in the human host and the insect carrier in relation to terrain.—Ind. J. Med. Res. 18, pp. 319336.Google Scholar
Korke, V. 1930b. Observations on the natural history of F. bancrofti in dwellings in relation to the systems of drainage.—Ind. J. Med. Res. 18, pp. 427442.Google Scholar
Kumm, H. W. 1929. Studies in the dispersion of Anopheles mosquitos.—Amer. J Trop. Med. 9, pp. 6777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macgregor, M. 1924. Report on the Anophelinae of Mauritius. Govt. publ.Google Scholar
Majid, S. A. & Sinton, J. A. 1933. The longevity of females of Culex fatigans under experimental conditions.—Ind. J. Med. Res. 21, pp. 455–166.Google Scholar
Marchand, W. 1918. First account of a thermotropism in A. punctipennis, with bionomic observations.—Psyche 25, pp. 130135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayne, B. 1930. A study of the influence of relative humidity on the life and infectibility of the mosquito.—Ind. J. Med. Res. 17, pp. 11191137.Google Scholar
Mink, O. J. 1933. Mosquito Control in Haiti.—U.S. Naval Med. Bull. 31, p. 3Google Scholar
Morishita, K. 1925. Experimental observations on the habits of Culex fatigans with special reference to the influence of pH upon its development.—J Med. Assoc. Formosa, No. 247. (Abstract in Rev. Appl. Entom. (B) 14, p. 114.)Google Scholar
Nath, V. 1924. Egg follicle of Culex.—Quart. J. Micr. Sci. 59, pp. 151175.Google Scholar
Paiva, C. 1912. Materials for a survey of the mosquitos of Calcutta.—Rec. Ind.Mus. 7, pp. 9498.Google Scholar
PattersonN, F. N, F. 1926. Effects of changes of pH on Culicine mosquito larvae.— S. Afr. J. Sci. 22, pp. 311317.Google Scholar
Pinto, C. 1923. Sobre a copula do Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823.—Brazil Medico 37, pp. 278279.Google Scholar
Pittaluga, G. 1932. Le paludisme dans les “ Deltas.”Arch. roum. Path. exp. Microb. 5, pp. 1131.Google Scholar
Pomeroy, A. W. J. 1920. The prophylaxis of malaria in Dar-es-Salaam.—J. R.A.M.C. 35, pp. 4468.Google Scholar
Rao, S. & Iyengar, M. O. T. 1930. Studies on the influence of the season in the development of Filaria bancrofti in Culex fatigans.—Ind. J. Med. Res. 17, pp. 759767.Google Scholar
Senior White, R. 1926. Physical factors in mosquito ecology.—Bull. Ent. Res 16, pp. 187248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sergent, Et. 1932. Apropos de I'instinct de Culex pipiens.—Arch. Inst. Pasteur Alg., 10, pp. 403406.Google Scholar
Sharma, H. N. & Sen, S. K. 1921. Oviposition in Culicidae.—Proc. Fourth Entom. Meeting, Pusa, pp. 192198.Google Scholar
Shelford, V. E. 1929. Laboratory & Field Ecology, p. 18.Google Scholar
Siler, J. F., Hall, M. W. & Hichens, A. P. 1926. Dengue.—Philipp. Bur. Sci., Monog. 20.Google Scholar
Taylor, F. H. 1928. Notes on the life-history and habits of some Australian mosquitos.—Health 6, pp. 15.Google Scholar
Uvarov, B. P. 1931. Insects and Climate.—Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 79, pp. 1247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, A. R. 1876. Geographical Distribution of Animals 1, p. 214; 2, p. 550.Google Scholar