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A Catalogue of the ‘Unlawful’ Books found in John Stow’s Study on 21 February 1568/9

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2015

Janet Wilson
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Extract

The raid of Bishop Grindal’s commissioners on the study of John Stow, the eminent antiquary, which occasioned this catalogue of forty proscribed works, was indication of the growing hostility towards Catholics after the Northern Rebellion and a foreshadowing of their open persecution in the years to come. Similar searches became commonplace in the 1570s and 1580s but the Stow catalogue, reflecting his historical and antiquarian interests, is one of the most comprehensive which survive. Although it includes manuscripts of chronicles, suggesting that Stow’s historical interests were not immune from the imputation of religious bias, the large group of Catholic and Recusant works indicates one direction in which these interests might have developed further had he not become the subject of official investigation.

Type
Research Article
Information
British Catholic History , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , May 1990 , pp. 1 - 30
Copyright
Copyright © Catholic Record Society 1973

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References

Notes

1 The inventory, Grindal’s letter to Cecil and the Privy Council of 24 February, and Watt’s report to Grindal are printed by Arber, 1, pp. 393–4, with his notes from BL MS Lansdowne 11, arts 2–3, fos 4–8 and by Strype, Grindal, pp. 516–9. The catalogue is partly analysed by Rostenberg, p. 218. The newly-made transcript on pp. 3–6 identifies the works according to the STC.

2 Accounts of Stow’s life are given by Kingsford, pp. vi–xxvii and by Strype in ‘Life of Stowe’; his association with the Merchant Taylors’ Company is discussed by Clode, C. M. in Memorials of the Guild of Merchant Taylors (London, 1875), pp. 183–6 Google Scholar; Strype, ‘Life of Stowe’, pp. iv–v, xxi–ii and Kingsford, pp. xvi–xviii.

3 See DNB s.v. ‘Stow’, Rostenberg, p. 48 and Kingsford, pp. xix and lxxxvii on the extent of Stow’s library. Only a fraction of his collection is represented in the catalogue; Watts writes (BL MS Landsdowne, 11, art. 3, fo. 5; Arber, 1, p. 393):

He hath a great sorte of folishe fabulous bokes of olde prynte as of Sir Degorye, Tryamour etc. He hath also a great sorte of old written Englisshe chronicles, both in parchement and in paper som long some shorte. He hath besides as it were miscellanea of Diverse sortes both touching phisicke, surgerye, and herbes, with medicines of experience and also touching olde phantasticall popishe bokes prynted in the olde tyme with many such also written in olde Englishe in parchement. All whiche we have pretermitted to take any inventarye of.

4 The Spanish seizure of English ships and goods in the Low Countries and Spain led to a proclamation ordering reprisals against Spanish shipping on 6th January. De Spes’s manifesto followed on 10 January 1569. See Hughes and Larkin, 2, 556, and the accounts of Conyers, Read, Mr. Secretary Cecil and Queen Elizabeth (Oxford, 1956), pp. 431–4 Google Scholar and Paul, Johnson, Elizabeth (London, 1974), pp. 149–50.Google Scholar

5 The depositions at both examinations are printed in full by Clode, C. M. in The Early History of the Guild of Merchant Taylors, 2 vols. (London, 1888), 2, pp. 300–2 Google Scholar. Stow admitted to having seen two copies of the manifesto, making a copy for himself and reading it to his neighbours; but he denied any part in circulating the bill.

6 Watts to Grindal, BL MS Lansdowne, 11, art. 3, fo. 5; Arber, loc. cit; see Strype, ‘Life of Stowe’, p. iv; Grindal, pp. 184–5; Kingsford, pp. xvi–ii.

7 He was examined on a charge of seventeen articles, none of which could be proved; see Kingsford, pp. xvii–xix; cf Strype, op. cit., p. iv.

8 Strype, op. cit., p. v.

9 See Hughes and Larkin, 2, 561; Arber, 1, p. 430.

10 The term ‘demi-Catholic’, coined by Southern, p. 39, refers to the group of ‘catholic–like Protestants, external Protestants and internal Catholics, church papists’ etc. who only conformed outwardly; see also Strype, ‘Life of Stowe’, p. xxi. Allison, A. F. and Rogers, D. M. in A Catalogue of Catholic Books in English printed abroad or secretly in England, 1558–1640, 2 parts (Bognor Regis, 1956), p. 176 Google Scholar, estimate that approximately 250 Books, printed in England or abroad, circulated between 1558–1603.

11 See Hughes and Larkin, 2, 460 for the 1559 injunctions; Sierberht, , The Freedom of the Press in England:1476–1776 (University of Illionois Press, 1965), pp. 56–7 Google Scholar; Bennett, p. 57.

12 The order of 1566 is printed by Arber, 1, p. 322 and Tanner, J. R. (ed.), Tudor Constitutional Documents, 2nd ed. (New York, 1930), pp. 245–7 Google Scholar; see Sieberht, pp. 58–9; Bennett, loc. cit.

13 See Rostenberg, pp. 43–4 and Southern, pp. 33–38.

14 Strype, Grindal, pp. 180–3; relevant documents are printed in The Remains of Edmund Grindal, ed. W. Nicholson, PS (Cambridge, 1843), pp. 201–16, 295–8; see Rostenberg, pp. 44–5.

15 See Hughes and Larkin, 3, 577 for the legislation of 1 July 1570 and Cross, C., Church and People 1450–1660 (London, 1976), p. 143.Google Scholar Anstruther, G. in Vaux of Harrowden, A Recusant Family (Newport, Mons., 1953), p. 83 Google Scholar, estimates that as many as six hundred papists were hanged and their possessions looted following the Northern Rebellion. On the searches of London printing houses and the ports see Rostenberg, pp. 43–6; Bennett, pp. 73–6; Southern, pp. 35–8.

16 Rostenberg, pp. 46–50, Bennett, pp. 77–8; other searches are mentioned by Southern, pp. 37–41 and Anstruther pp. 151–52, 168–71, 180–2; on the underground Catholic press in England see Bennett, pp. 78–80, 115–8; Southern, pp. 349–59; Rostenberg, pp. 20–27.

17 An inventory of books, possibly those of Sir Thomas Tresham, exists in BL MS Add. 39830, fo. 212; the catalogue of George Broome’s books is in BL MS Lansdowne 50, no. 76 (cited by Southern, pp. 40–41; partially identified by Rostenberg, pp. 218–9); other lists are in SP 12/156 no. 29 (i); 164 no. 14; 167 no. 47; 12/158 no. 9 (cited by Scarisbrick, J. J., The Reformation and the English People (London, 1984), p. 141)Google Scholar. The ‘Catalogue of… Popish Bookes’ published by the Puritan William Fulke in 1579 is printed by Southern, Appendix V, pp. 537–8; see also Rostenberg, pp. 36–7.

18 Southern, p. 68; see the discussion by Rostenberg, pp.31–9.

19 Rostenberg, p.48.

20 See Southern, pp. 43–135; Milward, pp. 1–24.

21 For treatments of Reformation controversies concerning the sacrament see Dugmore, pp. 91–154 and Stone, D., A History of the Doctrine of the Holy Eucharist, 2 vols. (London, 1909), 2, pp. 126–58.Google Scholar

22 Calendar of Letters, Documents and State Papers relating to the Negotiations between England and Spain preserved in the Archives in the Simancas and elsewhere (1485–1558), ed. P. Goyangos et al, 13 vols. (London, 1862–1954), 10, p. 226 (cited hereafter as Spanish Calendar).

23 Frith’s treatise, A christen sentence and true iudgement of the sacrament of Christes body & bloudee (Rycharde Wyer,) [1548?] (,STC 5190–5190.3), was published after his death; More’s reply is entitled A letter… impugnynge the erronuyouse wrytyng of J. Fryth, (w. Rastell, 1533). STC 18090.

24 A boke made by J. Frith… answeringe vnto m. Mores lettur (Monster, C. Willems, [i.e. Antwerp, H. Peetersen van Middleburgh?] 1533). STC 11381…4.

25 The souper of the Lorde… whereyn… M. Moris lettur agenst J. Frythe is confuted [Anon.] (Nornburg, N. twonson [i.e. Antwerp?] 1533) [or London, N. Hill? 1546?.]. STC 24468–71. More’s reply is entitled The answere to the fyrst parte of the poysened booke… named the souper of the lorde (W. Rastell, 1534.). STC 18077.

26 A detection of the deuils sophistrie… (J. Herforde, at the costes & charges of R. Toye,) 1546. STC 11591–11591.3; Gilby’s treatise is entitled An Answer to the deuillish detection of S. Gardiner. By A.G., 1547 [London? S. Mierdman f. J. Day, 1548?], (STC 11884), and Hooper’s, An answer vnto my lord of wynchesters booke, Zurych, A. Fries, 1547. STC 13741. See Muller, pp. 132–4.

27 See Maclure, p. 196; Strype, Cranmer, 1, pp. 243–5; Ecc. Mem., 2, i, pp. 52, 61–71.

28 The tracts are entitled: A godly and faythfull retraction (R. Wolfe,) 1547; A playne declaration made at Oxforde by R. Smyth… vpon his retraction… (R. Wolfe,) 1547.

29 More’s arguments are set out in parts v–viii of Book II. See R. Marius’s introduction to T. More, The Confutation of Tyndale’s Answer, ed. L. A. Schuster, R. Marius, J. P. Lusardi, R. J. Schoeck (New Haven, 1973), CW, 8. The extra–scriptural traditions of the church are discussed by Flessemanvan Leer, E. in ‘The Controversy about Scripture and Tradition between Thomas More and William Tyndale’, Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis, NS, 43 (1959), 143–64 CrossRefGoogle Scholar (esp. 143–4).

30 The treatise is entitled Of Vnwryten verytyes. Anon. (T. Raynalde, 1548), STC 22823; the reply, The confutation of vnwritten verities… tr. E. P. (H. Singleton? 1558), STC 5996–7. Both are reprinted in Cranmer, Works, 2, pp. 1–67 and Appendix, pp. 514–6; and in The Remains of Thomas Cranmer, ed. H. Jenkyns, 4 vols. (Oxford, 1883), 4, pp. 147–244. See Strype, Cranmer, 1, pp. 228–9, 570.

31 See Clark, F., Eucharistie Sacrifice and the Reformation (London, 1967), pp. 178–81 Google Scholar; Dugmore, pp. 116–22, estimates that about twenty to thirty treatises against the Mass were printed despite the attempt to silence radical disputes on the eucharist in the proclamation of 27 December 1547 introducing communion under both kinds for the laity (Hughes and Larkin, 1, 296). See the account by Gasquet, A. C. and Bishop, E., Edward VI and the Book of Common Prayer, 3rd ed. (London, 1928), pp. 87–101.Google Scholar

32 A treatyse made by Johan Lambert… concernygne hys opynyon in the sacrament of the aulire, ed. J. Balel [Wesel, 1548?]. STC 15180; E. Gest, A treatise againste the prevee masse, T. Raynald, 1548. STC 11802. On Crowley see s.v. ‘Hoggard’, pp. 20–21.

33 Coverdale’s translation is entitled A faythful and mooste godly treatise concernynge the sacrament. Tr. into Lattyn by Lacius (i.e. Gallasius N. Des Gallars) and now into Englishe by a faythful brother [T. Broke?]…(by M. Coverdale) [N. Hill, 1548?]. STC 4409.5–12.

34 See STC 24673 and 24665 for Martyr’s treatise Tractatio de sacramento eucharistiae and Udall’s translation of 1550; and STC 25388 for Bishop White’s Marian treatise Diacosiomartyrion. Gardiner’s treatise, now BL MS Arundel 100, is included in the bibliography by Muller, Appendix II, pp. 309–17 (esp. p. 315). Martyr’s treatise is discussed by Dugmore, pp. 144–9.

35 Cranmer, A defence of the true and catholike doctrine of the Sacrament of the body and blood, R. Wolfe, 1550, STC 6000–2; and Cheke’s translation published in 1553 and 1557, Defensio verae et catholicae doctrinae de sacramento corporis et danguinis Christ…(Emden?), 1553, STC 6004–5. This is also printed in Cranmer’s Remains, 2, pp. 274–463 and in Cranmer’s Works, 1, Appendix I, pp. 1–98.

36 The different phases of Cranmer’s Eucharistie beliefs are complex; that he abandoned a belief in a corporeal Real Presence for a spiritual one in 1546 is now accepted on the basis of a statement made by Nicholas Ridley who discussed the Eucharist with him that year. But he apparently retained the Roman doctrine of the Real Presence after discarding transubstantiation. After 1548 he maintained that Christ’s body is present not in the sacraments but in the administration of the sacraments and spiritually received by all who receive him. The best account is by Smyth, C. H., Cranmer and the Reformation under Edward VI, (Cambridge, 1926), chapt. 2 (esp. pp. 48–71)Google Scholar; but see also Dugmore, pp. 176–94; Ridley, J. G., Thomas Cranmer (Oxford, 1962)Google Scholar, pp. 252–4 and Nicholas Ridley (London, 1957), pp. 94–5, 100; A. G. Dickens, The English Reformation (1964, repr., London, 1968), pp. 186–7 and the less convincing discussion by Brooks, P. in Thomas Cranmer’s Doctrine of the Eucharist (London, 1965)Google Scholar, ch. 4. On Cranmer’s treatise see further Dix, G., The Shape of the Liturgy, 2nd ed. (London, 1954), pp. 647–56 Google Scholar, and for an analysis of his main points see Messenger, 1, pp. 424–36.

37 Smith, A Confutation, sigs B1-1.

38 APC, 1550–1, p. 232; Wood, 1, 326–31; Jordan, W. K., Edward VI: The Threshold of Power (London, 1970), p. 249 Google Scholar, states that after confessing Seth was treated leniently by the Council.

39 For a valuable discussion of the background and contents of this sermon and Gardiner’s changing views of the Eucharist under Edward VI see Redworth, G., ‘The Political and Diplomatic Career of Stephen Gardiner, 1538U=20131551’, (unpublished D.Phil, thesis, Oxford University, 1985), pp. 203, 232–41 Google Scholar; he points out, pp. 203, 222–4, that Gardiner, co-operating with the Edwardian Council, ‘pared to the limit his public utterances on the eucharis’ and preached not on the Real Presence but on a ‘very presence’; see also Muller, pp. 174–82.

40 Spanish Calendar, 10, p. 226; see also Redworth, op. cit., pp. 245–6.

41 Gardiner’s treatise on Oecolampadius’ work is now MS Lambeth Vol. 140 fos 225–333 (see Muller, , Appendix II, p. 316 Google Scholar); the tract against Hooper is in SP, Ed. VI, Vol. 12, A Discussion of Mr. Hopers oversight where he entreateth… the matter of the Sacrament of the Bodye and Bloode of Christe;, the tract against Martyr is entitled An ouersight and deliberacion vpon the holy prophete Jonas, Comprehended in seven sermons. Anno M. D. L. (J. Daye a. W. Seres,) 1550.

42 Cranmer’s Answer to Gardiner was published by R. Wolfe in 1551 and in a revised edition by I. Daye in 1580 (STC 5991–2). His answer to Smith’s treatise was published separately by Wolfe in 1551 (STC 5990.5). Both treatises (including Gardiner’s An explication of Cranmer’s Defence) are printed in Cranmer’s Remains, 3, pp. 1–23, 29–554 and Works, 1, pp. 1–367, 368–79; Messenger, 1, pp. 437–47 discusses Gardiner’s reply and Cranmer’s rejoinder.

43 Strype, , Cranmer, 1, p. 367 Google Scholar; in replying to Gardiner Cranmer may have been pushed to a more extreme form of Protestantism than would otherwise have been the case.

44 Cranmer, , Works, 1, pp. 369, 374 Google Scholar.

45 See Muller, , Appendix II, pp. 313–4.Google Scholar

46 Cited by his biographer Sturge, C. T. in Cutherbert Tunstal (London, 1938), pp. 113–4, p. 391Google Scholar, who accepts the treatise as a clear statement of Catholic belief. Tunstal believed in the Real Presence but transubstantiation, admitted as an article of the faith by Pope Innocent III at the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215, he accepted only on the basis of papal responsibility for the unity of the church. See also Sturge, pp. 293, 331–6; Messenger, 2, pp. 105–7; Dugmore, pp. 152–4. Loades, D. M. in The Last Years of Cuthbert Tunstall (1547–1559)Google Scholar, Durham, Cathedral Lecture, Durham University Journal (1973), p. 10 Google Scholar, claims that Tunstal came to believe that his committment to the royal supremacy of Henry VII had been a mistake.

47 Strype, , Cranmer, 1, p. 371 Google Scholar; Ridley, , Cranmer, p. 370 Google Scholar

48 A brief declaration of the Lordes Supper.–[Emden, E. van der Erve,] 1555. STC 21046–7; 21048–50.

49 See Muller, , Appendix II, p. 314.Google Scholar

50 Emden, s.v. ‘Smith’.

51 Milward, p. 22.

52 A revisionist approach to Gardiner’s Edwardian career is provided by Redworth, op. cit., pp. 212 ff.

53 Redworth, in summarising Gardiner’s character, op. cit., pp. 242–5, claims that ‘he had never been a leader of men’ and that his eucharistie views were influenced by Cranmer; ‘Once Thomas Cranmer had driven a coach and horses through a common profession in the verity of Christ’s presence, Winchester was forced to abandon his efforts to endorse even a simple biblical formula for the Eucharist.’ Subsequently he reverted to Roman Catholicism; cf. Muller’s assessment, pp. 296–304.

54 Strype, , Cranmer, 1, p. 244 Google Scholar; Wood, 1, p. 333.

55 Arber, 1, p. 393.

56 See DNB s.v. ‘Watson’ and ‘White’; Bonner’s legal action is discussed by Parmiter, G., ‘Bishop Bonner and the Oath’, Recusant History, 11 (1971), 215–36 Google Scholar and the activities of the Marian bishops by Scarisbrick, , The Reformation and the English People, pp. 139–41.Google Scholar

57 Stow’s ‘Memoranda’ in Three Fifteenth Century Chronicles, ed. C. L. Kingsford, Camden Society, NS. 28 (London, 1880), p. 126.

58 See Messenger, 2, pp. 249–55; an account of Bonner’s imprisonment is given by Bridgett, T. E. and Knox, T. F. in The True Story of the Catholic Hierarchy deposed by Queen Elizabeth (London, 1889), pp. 82–90.Google Scholar

59 See Field, p. 152; on Watson’s life under Elizabeth see Bridgett and Knox, pp. 159–207 (a reprint of Bridgett’s biograhical account, pp. xlvii–lxxix).

60 See DNB s.v. ‘Watson’.

61 An account of Watson’s early life is found in Bridgett and Knox, pp. 120–42 and Bridgett PP.xxxiv–v

62 The controversy is outlined by Southern, pp. 125–6 and Appendix III, pp. 523–32, and Milward, pp. 10–11.

63 Southern, p. 169; Milward, pp. 11, 14, 22, 51.

64 The DNB article on Feckenham gives little credit to the report that he signed a recantation during the last five years at Wisbech.

65 These works were published in response to the fourth decree of the legatine court of 1555 that a uniform Catholic doctrine be made available and at the convocation of the clergy in January–March 1558 four books of homilies were prescribed. The synod’s twelve draft decrees were published under the title Reformatio Angliae ex decretis Reginaldi Poli Cardinalis, Sedis Apostolicae Legati Anno MDLVI (Rome, 1562; repr., London, 1962). They are printed in Concilia Magnae Britanniae et Hiberniae a Synodo Verolamiensi, A.D. Ccccxlvi ad Londoniensem A.D. MDCCXVII, ed. D. Wilkins, 4 vols. (London, 1737), 4, pp. 121–6 (the homilies’ contents are outlined, p. 156.).

66 Messenger, 2, pp. 171–3.

67 Wilkins, , Concilia, 4, p. 123 Google Scholar; Bridgett, p. xliv.

68 Messenger, 1, pp. 109–112.

69 Strype, Ecc. Mem., 3, i, pp. 113–22; Bridgett, pp. xlii–iii.

70 Crowley, A Setting open of the…sophistrie, sigs A4–4v (STC 6093).

71 Strype, Ecc. Mem., 3, i, p. 122; the felicitious prose style of Watson’s homilies has been praised by Dom., H. Steuert in ‘The English Prose Style of Thomas Watson, Bishop of Lincoln, 1557’, Modern Language Review, 41, 3 (1946), 22–36.Google Scholar

72 Strype, op. cit., p. 78; Madure, pp. 196–200.

74 DNB s.v. ‘Pollard’; he was Vicar of Little St. Mary’s, Cambridge in 1546.

75 Fyve Homilies, sig. A2.

76 Edgeworth’s Sermons will be available in a forthcoming edition by J. M. Wilson (Boydell & Brewer).

77 Sermons on the articles of the faith and on the creed were itemised in the four categories of homilies prescribed by convocation in 1558; see Wilkins, IV, p. 156. The manuscript version of these sermons in Bodl. MS Rawl. D. 831, fos 1–16, has been printed facing the 1557 text by Wilson, J. M. in ‘An Edition of Roger Edgeworth’s Sermons very fruitful, godly and learned ’, 2 vols, (unpublished D.Phil, thesis, Oxford University, 1985), 2, pp. 82–113 Google Scholar (cited hereafter as ‘Edgeworth’s Sermons’). For a description of the MS and suggested dating of between c. 1550–1560 (the sermon on the Creed is holograph) see vol. 1, pp. 9–13.

78 The Bristol preaching crises of the 1530s are discussed by Skeeters, in ‘The Clergy of Bristol, c. 1530–c. 1570’ (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Austin, Texas, 1984; forthcoming, Oxford University Press), pp. 51–88 Google Scholar and by J. M. Wilson in ‘Roger Edgeworth’s Sermons: Reformation Preaching in Bristol’, forthcoming in Early Tudor England: Proceedings of the Fourth Harlaxton Conference, July, 1987 (Boydell and Brewer).

79 The questions and the commissioners’ answers exist in MS Lambeth Stillingfleet 16, fos 69–143. They are printed in Burnet’s, G. History of the Reformation in England., ed. N. Pocock, 7 vols. (London, 1865), 4, Collection III, No. 21, pp. 443–96 Google Scholar. The answers are analysed by Messenger, 1, pp. 278–91 (esp. 283–4); van le Baumer, F., The Early Theory of Kingship (1940: repr., New York, 1966), pp. 79–83 Google Scholar; Wilson, , ‘Edgeworth’s Sermons’, 1, pp. 118–23.Google Scholar

80 R. Edgeworth, Sermons, sigs. 4A4, 4D1, 4E3–4v, 411–1v, 414v–Klv; Wilson, ‘Edgeworth’s Sermons’, 2, pp. 326, 336, 343–4, 359–60, 363–4.

81 Field, p. 18; for Edgeworth’s career see DNB s.v. ‘Edgeworth’, and Wilson, ‘Edgeworth Sermons’, 1, pp. 39–108, esp. p. 106.

82 DNB s.v. ‘Brooks’; Field, p. 119.

83 Strype, Ecc. Mem., 3, i, p. 113; Madure, p. 196.

84 Emden, s.v. ‘Glasier’; Ridley, Cranmer, p. 264.

85 Madure, p. 192; Hughes and Larkin, 1, 297.

86 The sermon is also discussed by Madure, p. 198 and Blench, J. W., Preaching in England in the Late Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries: A study of English Sermons 1450–c. 1600 (Oxford, 1964), pp. 287–9 Google Scholar; Glasier, sigs B8v, Cl–C6v, D4v–D5.

87 Madure, loc. cit., Glasier, sigs E2, E5–5v.

88 Emden, s.v. ‘Smith’; CPR (1550–3), p. 251. See also ARCR I nos. 1105–1118.

89 Smith, , A bouclier (1554)Google Scholar, sig. C7.

90 STC 22817, 22817.5.

91 The primer in Latin and Englishe, [With] a treatise concerning the masse. J. Waylande, 1555 (STC 16064–5); see the descriptions in Ames, 3, pp. 524–5 and in Hoskins, C., Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis or Sarum and York Primers (London, 1901), nos 211–3.Google Scholar

92 A plaine and godlye treatise concernynge the masse, [etc.] [J. Waylande? 1555?], sigs A5v–A6.

93 ibid., sig. H3.

94 ibid., sigs G2–H3V (esp. G7v, H2v).

95 See Wood, 1, p. 301; Strype, op. cit., pp. 441–2.

96 STC 6082; Wood, 1, p. 543.

97 Hoggard, The Displaying of the Protestantes, fos 62v, 68v, 102, 127. Other Catholic treatises are by J. Christophersen, An exhortation to all menne to take hede of rebellion (Caly,) 1554 (STC 5207); and J. Proctor, The historie of wyates rebellion (Cawood, 1554?) (STC 20407–8). The Marian propaganda is discussed by Loades, D. in The Reign of Mary Tudor: politics, government and religion in England 1553–1558 (London, 1979), pp. 279, 284, 334, 338.Google Scholar

98 See Southern, p. 135; J. McConica, ‘The Recusant Reputation of Thomas More’ in Essential Articles for the Study of Thomas More, eds. R. S. Sylvester and G. P. Marc’hadour (Connecticut, 1977). Pp. 136–49; an assessment of the Marian hagiographers is given by Fox, A. in Thomas More: History and Providence (Oxford, 1982), pp. 112–4.Google Scholar

99 Bale, J., Illustrium Maioris Britanniae Scriptorum (Basle, 1557–9), pp. 728–9 Google Scholar; Wood, 1, pp. 301, 560; Gillow, J., Bibliographical Dictionary of the English Catholics, 5 vols. (London, 1885)Google Scholar, 3, s.v. ‘Hoggard’.

100 Emden, s.v. ‘Standish’.

101 Field, p. 187.

102 Standish retained the prebend of Ealdand until his death in 1570; see Emden, loc. cit.

103 Standish, A discourse, sigs Mlv–M2.

104 Ibid., sig. A3; the Catholic apologists advocated an English translation; see R. Edgeworth, Sermons, sig. H4; Wilson, ‘Edgeworth’s Sermons’, 2, pp. 36–7; William Barlow’s apologetic treatise A dialogue describing the originali ground of these Lutheran faccions and many of their abuses, 2nd ed. (Cawood, 1553), sigs L7v, K8–8v; More, A Dialogue concerning Heresies, eds T. M. Lawlor, G. Marc’hadour, R. C. Marius (New Haven, 1981), CW6, pp. 332, 334, 337–8, 341 and Confutation, CW8, p. 179 and n; More’s views on bible translation are discussed by M. Deansley, The Lollard Bible (1901, 2nd ed., Cambridge, 1920), pp. 1–17, 364–73 and by Marc’hadour, in Thomas More et la Bible (Paris, 1969), pp. 517–26.Google Scholar

105 Standish, A discourse, sig. A6.

106 Ibid., sigs Liv, L5–6.

107 Wood, 1, pp. 235–8; Emden, s.v. ‘Standish’.

108 Standish, Trial of the Supremacie, sig. A7v.

109 Proctor’s writings are listed by Wood, 1, p. 235 and in STC 20406–8; for a brief biography see Emden, s.v. ‘Proctor’; Standish’s comment occurs in A discourse, sig. D8v.

110 The Waie home to Christ, sigs Biv, B3.

111 DNB s.v. ‘Angel’.

112 The Agreement of the Fathers, sigs A3, A4.

113 Maunsell, A., The First Part of the Catalogue of English Printed Bookes (London, 1595), p. 28 Google Scholar; Ames, 4, p.497, n.

114 For a modern edition see Hope, Emily Allen, Writings Ascribed to Richard Rolle (Oxford, 1927), pp. 159–61.Google Scholar

115 DNB s.v. ‘Cancellar’; Watt, R., Bibliotheca Britannica, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1824), 1, p. 190.Google Scholar

116 Cancellar’s writings are listed in STC 4558–4565.

117 BL MS Lansdowne 11, art. 3 fo. 5.

118 Kingsford, pp. xvii, xxi–ii, says that Fundationes Ecclesiarum Monasteriorum was much used by other antiquaries including Dugdale, whose celebrated Monasticon Anglicanum is the outcome of Stow’s industry.

119 Kingsford, pp. xvii n. 1, xix, xcii.

120 ibid., p. xciii.

121 STC 23319–41; Catalogue nos 3 and 5 have been identified by Strype, Grindal, p. 517, and Rostenberg, p. 48, respectively as Stow’s History of England (1573), i.e. A summarie of Englyshe chronicles (STC 23323.5).

122 Kingsford, pp. xix–xxi; his patrons are also discussed by Strype, ‘Life of Stowe’, pp. vi–xiv.

123 I should like to thank Dr. D. M. Rogers of the Bodleian Library Oxford, for encouraging me to study the Stow catalogue and for his invaluable assistance at all stages of seeing this article into print.