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An evolutionary theory of pain must consider sex differences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2003

Martin Voracek
Affiliation:
Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Statistics and Documentation Branch, University of Vienna Medical School, A-1090 Vienna, [email protected] www.akh-wien.ac.at/Martin.Voracek/
Todd K. Shackelford
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL 33314 [email protected] www.psy.fau.edu/tshackelford/

Abstract

According to Williams, human facially expressed pain, and its perception by conspecifics, is generated by evolved mechanisms. We argue that a key variable – sex (male, female) – needs to be considered for a complete theory of pain expression and perception. To illustrate, we cite findings on sex differences in pain and pain perception, and in crying and crying responsiveness.

Type
Brief Report
Copyright
© 2002 Cambridge University Press

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