the biopsychosocial context of adhd

Abstract

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) represents adaptation to defective neurotransmission – an adaptation seldom with benefit. the resulting behavioural style not only increases vulnerability to adverse experiences, but also creates a context in which encountering adversity is more likely. furthermore, the fact that adhd is a highly heritable condition increases the probability of a child with a compromised neurobiological disposition being raised by caregivers with suboptimal resources.