Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T20:27:39.300Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The role of phonological and orthographic awareness in learning to read among Grade 1 and 2 students in Taiwan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2017

CHUNG-HUI HSUAN
Affiliation:
National Chiayi University
HENRY J. TSAI*
Affiliation:
Asia University
RHONA STAINTHORP
Affiliation:
University of Reading
*
ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE Henry J. Tsai, Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taiwan. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The role of phonological and orthographic awareness on Chinese character reading from Grade 1 to 2 was investigated with 112 Taiwanese children. Phonological awareness (onset, rime, and tone), rudimentary orthographic awareness (character configuration and structure knowledge), and character reading were assessed in each grade. The strategy of learning to read novel characters using regular or sophisticated orthography-to-phonology correspondence rules or character mapping was tested in Grade 2. Our results suggested that (a) phonological and orthographic awarenesses are important in Grade 1, and tone awareness in Grade 1 uniquely predicts character reading in Grade 2; and (b) the use of sophisticated orthography-to-phonology correspondence rules and mapping strategy are crucial for character reading in Grades 1 and 2. In addition, phonological and rudimentary orthographic awarenesses are important for using sophisticated orthographic strategy when learning to read novel characters.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, R. C., Li, W., Ku, Y. M., Shu, H., & Wu, N. (2003). Use of partial information in learning to read Chinese characters. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 5257.Google Scholar
Carnine, D., Silbert, J., & Kameenui, E. J. (1997). Direct instruction reading (3rd ed.). New York: Merrill.Google Scholar
Chan, C. K. K., & Siegel, L. S. (2001). Phonological processing in reading Chinese among normally achieving and good readers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 80, 2343.Google Scholar
Chan, L. (1996). Children learn to read and write Chinese analytically (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of London, Institute of Education).Google Scholar
Chan, L., & Nunes, T. (1998). Children's understanding of the formal and functional characteristics of written Chinese. Applied Psycholinguistics, 19, 115131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Y. P. (1993). Word recognition and reading in Chinese (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford).Google Scholar
Chen, Y. P., Allport, D. A., & Marshall, J. C. (1996). What are the functional orthographic units in Chinese word recognition: The stroke or the stroke pattern? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 49, 10241043.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chinese Knowledge Conformation Processing Group. (1995). Mandarin Chinese character frequency list based on national phonetic alphabetic (pp. 95101). Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Information Science Academica Sinica.Google Scholar
Chow, B.W.-Y. (2014). The differential roles of paired associate learning in Chinese and English word reading abilities in bilingual children. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 27, 16571672.Google Scholar
Dunn, M., & Dunn, L. M. (1981). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.Google Scholar
Ehri, L. C. (1991). Learning to read and spell words. In Rieben, L. & Perfetti, C. A. (Eds.), Learning to read: Basic research and its implications (pp. 5773). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Fang, S.-P., Horng, R.-Y., & Tzeng, O. J.-L. (1986). Consistency effects in Chinese character and pseudo-character naming tasks. In Kao, H. S. R. & Hoosain, R. (Eds.), Linguistics, psychology, and the Chinese language (pp. 1122). Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
He, Y., Wang, Q., & Anderson, R. C. (2005). Chinese children's use of subcharacter information about pronunciation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 572579.Google Scholar
Ho, C. S.-H., & Bryant, P. (1997a). Phonological skills are important in learning to read Chinese. Developmental Psychology, 33, 946951.Google Scholar
Ho, C. S.-H., & Bryant, P. (1997b). Learning to read Chinese beyond the logographic phase. Reading Research Quarterly, 32, 276289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, C. S.-H., Ng, T.-T., & Ng, W.-K. (2003). A “radical” approach to reading development in Chinese: The role of semantic radicals and phonetic radicals. Journal of Literacy Research, 35, 849879.Google Scholar
Ho, C. S.-H., Wong, W. L., & Chan, W. S. (1999). The use of orthographic analogies in learning to read Chinese. Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry, 40, 393403.Google Scholar
Ho, C. S.-H., Yau, P. W.-Y., & Au, A. (2003). Development of orthographic knowledge and its relationship with reading and spelling among Chinese kindergarten and primary school children. In McBride-Chang, C. & Chen, H.-C. (Eds.), Reading development in Chinese children (pp. 5171). London: Praeger.Google Scholar
Hu, C.-F., & Catts, H. W. (1998). The role of phonological processing in early reading ability: What we can learn from Chinese. Scientific Studies of Reading, 2, 5579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, H. S. (2001). 中文年級識字測驗 [The Chinese Character Reading Test]. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological Publishing.Google Scholar
Huang, H. S., & Hanley, J. R. (1994). Phonological awareness and visual skills in learning to read Chinese and English. Cognition, 54, 7398.Google Scholar
Huang, H. S., & Hanley, J. R. (1997). A longitudinal study of phonological awareness, visual skills, and Chinese reading acquisition among first-graders in Taiwan. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20, 249268.Google Scholar
Huang, P. J. (2003). 漢字教學的理論與實踐 [The theory and practice of teaching Chinese characters]. Taipei, Taiwan: Lexis Book.Google Scholar
Hung, L. Y. (1997). 「 漢字視知覺測驗」 編製初步報告 [The construction of test of visual perception of Chinese characters]. Journal of National Taiwan Normal University: Education, 42, 5973.Google Scholar
Hung, L. Y. (2001). 漢字視知覺測驗 [The test of visual perception of Chinese character]. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological Publishing.Google Scholar
Li, H., Shu, H., McBride-Chang, C., Liu, H. Y., & Xue, J. (2009). Paired associate learning in Chinese children with dyslexia. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 103, 135151.Google Scholar
Li, W. S., & Ho, C. S. H. (2011). Lexical tone awareness among Chinese children with developmental dyslexia. Journal of Child Language, 38, 793808.Google Scholar
Lin, C.-H., & Collins, P. (2012). The effects of L1 and orthographic regularity and consistency in naming Chinese characters. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 25, 17471767.Google Scholar
Lwu, L., & Lyou, H. S. (1998). 修訂畢保得圖畫詞彙測驗 [The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised in Mandarin]. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological Publishing Google Scholar
McBride-Chang, C., & Ho, C. S.-H. (2005). Predictors of beginning reading in Chinese and English: A two-year longitudinal study of Chinese kindergarteners. Scientific Studies of Reading, 9, 117144.Google Scholar
McBride-Chang, C., Tong, X. L., Shu, H., Wong, A. M. Y., Leung, K. W., & Tardif, T. (2008). Syllable, phoneme, and tone: Psycholinguistic units in early Chinese and English word recognition. Scientific Studies of Reading, 12, 171194.Google Scholar
McBride-Chang, C., & Zhong, Y. (2003). A longitudinal study of effects of phonological processing, visual skills, and speed of processing on Chinese character acquisition among Hong Kong Chinese kindergartners. In McBride-Chang, C. & Chen, H.-C. (Eds.), Reading development in Chinese children (pp. 2037). London: Praeger.Google Scholar
Ministry of Education. (2001). 國民中小學九年一貫課程暫行綱要 [The temporary outline for the nine-year-consistent curriculum for the elementary and secondary education]. Taipei, Taiwan: Author.Google Scholar
Pak, A. K. H., Cheng-Lai, A., Tso, I. F., Shu, H., Li, W., & Anderson, R. C. (2005). Visual chunking skills of Hong Kong children. Reading and Writing, 18, 437454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qian, Y., Song, Y.-W., Zhao, J., & Bi, H.-Y. (2015). The developmental trend of orthographic awareness in Chinese preschoolers. Reading and Writing, 28, 571586.Google Scholar
Shu, H., & Anderson, R. C. (1997). Role of radical awareness in the character and word acquisition of Chinese children. Reading Research Quarterly, 32, 7889.Google Scholar
Shu, H., Anderson, R. C., & Wu, N. (2000). Phonetic awareness: Knowledge of orthographic-phonology relationships in the character acquisition of Chinese children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 5662.Google Scholar
Shu, H., Peng, H., & McBride-Chang, C. (2008). Phonological awareness in young Chinese children. Developmental Science, 11, 171181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shu, H., & Wu, N. (2006). Growth of orthography-phonology knowledge in the Chinese writing system. In Li, P., Tan, L. H., Bates, E., & Tzeng, O. J. L. (Eds.), The handbook of East Asian psycholinguistics (Vol. 1, pp. 103113). New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Siok, W. T., & Fletcher, P. (2001). The role of phonological awareness and visual-orthographic skills in Chinese reading acquisition. Developmental Psychology, 37, 886899.Google Scholar
Tsai, K.-C., & Nunes, T. (2003). The role of character schema in learning novel Chinese characters. In McBride-Chang, C. & Chen, H.-C. (Eds.), Reading development in Chinese children (pp. 109126). London: Praeger.Google Scholar
Wang, C.-C., Hung, L.-Y., & Chen, H.-F. (2007). The problem of the “Matthew effects”: Evidence from students with small character size. Bulletin of Special Education, 32, 116.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., & McBride, M. (2014). Character reading and word reading in Chinese: Unique correlates for Chinese kindergarteners. Applied Psycholinguistics, 37, 371386.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Yin, L., & McBride, C. (2015). Unique predictors of early reading and writing: A one-year longitudinal study of Chinese kindergarteners. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 32, 5159.Google Scholar
Wei, T.-Q., Bi, H.-Y., Chen, B.-G., Liu, Y., Weng, X.-C., & Taeko, N. W. (2014). Developmental changes in the role of different metalinguistic awareness skills in Chinese reading acquisition from preschool to third grade. PLOS ONE, 9, e96240.Google Scholar
Yu, S.-J. (1993). 瑞文氏彩色圖形推理測驗 [Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices]. Taipei, Taiwan: Chinese Behavioral Sciences Corporation.Google Scholar