Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T11:23:16.913Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Eneolithic horse exploitation in the Eurasian steppes: diet, ritual and riding

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

David W. Anthony
Affiliation:
Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta NY 13820, USA
Dorcas R. Brown
Affiliation:
Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta NY 13820, USA

Abstract

The symbolism of the horse in Eneolithic society is explored in this paper. Recent excavations in the Eurasian steppes demonstrate the importance of horses before domestication and horse riding became common; showing they were eaten, exploited and revered.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agapov, S.A., Vasiliev, I.B. & Pestrikova, V.I.. 1990. Khvalynskii eneoliticheskii mogil’nik. Kuibyshev: Saratovskogo Universiteta.Google Scholar
Akhinzhalov, S.M., Makarova, L.A. & Nurumov, T.N.. 1992. K Istorii Skotovodstva i Okhoty v Kozakhstane. Alma-Ata: Gylym.Google Scholar
Anthony, D.W. 1991. The domestication of the horse, in Meadow, R. & Uerpmann, H.-P. (ed.), Equids in the ancient world 2: 25077. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert Verlag.Google Scholar
Anthony, D.W. & Brown, D.. 1991. The origins of horseback riding, Antiquity 65: 2238.Google Scholar
Anthony, D.W., Telegin, D. & Brown, D.. 1991. The origin of horseback riding, Scientific American 265(6): 94100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anthony, D.W. & Vinogradov, N.B.. 1995. The birth of the chariot, Archaeology 48(2): 3641.Google Scholar
Azzarou, A. 1980. Venetic horses from Iron Age burials at Padova, Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche 35(1–2): 282308.Google Scholar
Azzarou, A. 1998. Outlines of early equitation, in Anreiter, P. Bartosiewicz, L. Jerem, E. & Meid, W. (ed.), Man and the animal world: 4153. Budapest: Archaeolingua.Google Scholar
Belanovskaya, T.D. & Telegin, D.Y.. 1996. Neolit severo-vostochnogo Priazov’ya i Podon’ya, in Oshibkinoi, S.V. (ed.), Neolit Severnoi Evrazii: 5864. Moskva: Nauka.Google Scholar
Benecke, N. 1994. Archaologische Studien zur Entwicklung derHaustierhaltungin Mitteleuropa und Südskandinavien von Anfangen bis zum ausgehenden Mittelalter. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bibikova, VI. 1967. K izucheniyu drevneishikh domashnikh loshadei vostochnoi Evropy, Biulleten’ Moskovskogo ObshchestvaIspytateleiPrirodi, OtdelBiologicheskii 72(3): 10617.Google Scholar
Bibikova, VI. 1969. Do istorii domestikatsii konya na pivdenommu skhodi Evropi, Arkheologiia 22: 5567.Google Scholar
Bibikova, VI. 1970. K izucheniyu drevneishikh domashnikh loshadei vostochnoi Evropy. Soobshchenie 2. Biulleten’ Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prírody, Otdel Biologicheskii 75(5): 11826.Google Scholar
Bökönyi, Sandor. 1972. Data on Iron Age horses of central and eastern Europe. Cambridge (MA): Peabody Museum. American School of Prehistoric Research, Peabody Museum Bulletin 25.Google Scholar
Bökönyi, Sandor. 1974. History of domestic mammals in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.Google Scholar
Bökönyi, Sandor. 1980. Eine Analogie der Árpáden zeitlichen Sitte: Aufgespiesste Pferdekopfe in Nahöstlichen Dörfern, Mitteilungen des Archàologischen Instituts der Ungarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 8/9(1978/79): 1614.Google Scholar
Brown, O.K. & Anthony, D.W.. 1998. Bit wear, horseback riding, and the Botai site in Kazakstán, Journal of Archaeological Science 25: 33147.Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, J. 1974. The Buhen horse, Journal of Archaeological Science 1: 89100.Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, J. 1995. Origins of the dog: domestication and early history, in James, Serpell (ed.), The domestic dog: its evolution, behavior, and interactions with people: 720. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ewers, J.C. 1955. The horse in Blackfoot Indian Culture: with comparative material from other Western tribes. Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Háusler, A. 1994. Archaologische Zeugnisse für Pferd und Wagen in Ost- und Mitteleuropa, in Hansel, B. & Zimmer, S. (cd.), Die Indogermanen und das Pferd. Festschrift für Bernfried Schlerath: 21757. Budapest: Archaeolingua Alapítvány.Google Scholar
Hyland, A. 1990. Equus: the horse in the Roman world. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, P. & Pennick, N.. 1995. A history of pagan Europe. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Khazanov, A.M. 1994. Nomads and the outside world. Second edition, revised (trans. Julia Crookendon). Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Kiashko, V.Y. 1987. Mnogoslonoe poselenie Razdorskoe I na nizhnem Donu, Kratkie Soobshcheniya Institut Arkheologii 192: 7380.Google Scholar
Kiashko, V.Y. 1994. Mezhdu Kamnem i Bronzoi. Azov: Azovskii Kraevedcheskie Muzei.Google Scholar
Kislenko, A.M. & Tatarintseva, N.S.. 1990. Kul’turno-khozyaistevennye kompleksy paleometalla v Ishimskoi stepi, Arkheologiya Volgo-Ural’skikh Stepei: 8199. Chelyabinsk: Chelyabinskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet.Google Scholar
Levine, M. 1990. Dereivka and the problem of horse domestication, Antiquity 64: 72740.Google Scholar
Levine, M. 1999a. Botai and the origins of horse domestication, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 18: 2978.Google Scholar
Levine, M. 1999b. The origins of horse husbandry on the Eurasian steppe, in Levine, M. Rassamakin, Y. Kislenko, A. & Tatarintseva, N. (ed.), Late prehistoric exploitation of the Eurasian Steppe: 558. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.Google Scholar
Levine, M. & Kislenko, A.M.. 1997. New Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age radiocarbon dates for northern Kazakhstan and south Siberia, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 7(2): 297300.Google Scholar
Lillie, M. 1996. Mesolithic and Neolithic populations of Ukraine: indications of diet from dental pathology, Current Anthropology 37(1): 13542.Google Scholar
Logvin, V.N. 1992. Poseleniya Tersekskogo tipa Solenoe Ozero I, Rossiskaya Arkheologiya (1): 11020.Google Scholar
Logvin, V.N., Kalieva, S.S. & Gaidughenko, L.L.. 1989. O nomadizme v stepiakh Kazakhstana v III tys. do n. e., Margulanovskie Chteniya: 7881. Alma-Ata: Institut Istorii, Arkheologii, i Etnografii.Google Scholar
Mallory, James P. 1981. The ritual treatment of the horse in the early Kurgan tradition, Journal of Indo-European Studies 9: 20526.Google Scholar
Mallory, James P. 1989. In search of the Indo-Europeans. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Mamontov, V.N. 1974. Pozdneneoliticheskaya stoianka Orlovka, Sovietskaya Arkheologiya (4).Google Scholar
Morgunova, N.L. 1988. Ivanovskaya stoianka v Orenburgskoi oblasti, Arkheologicheskie Kul’tury Severnogo Prikaspiya: 10622. Kuibyshev: Kuibyshevskii Gosudartvennyi Pedagogicheskii Institut.Google Scholar
Nobis, G. 1971. Vom Wildpferd zum Hauspferd. Fundamenta Reihe B, Band 6. Köln: Bohlau-Verlag.Google Scholar
Petrenko, A. G. 1984. Drevnee i srednevekovoe zhivotnovodstvo srednego Povolzh’ya i Predural’ya. Moskva: Nauka.Google Scholar
Piggott, S. 1962. Heads and hoofs, Antiquity 36: 11018.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C. 1996. Language families and the spread of farming, in Harris, D.R. (ed.), The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia: 7092. London: University College London.Google Scholar
Ryndina, N.V. 1998. Drevneishee Metalloobrabatyvaiushchee Proizvodstvo lugo-Vostochnoi Evropy. Moskva: Moskovskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet.Google Scholar
Shnirelman, V.A. 1992. The emergence of food-producing economy in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of eastern Europe, Journal of Indo-European Studies 20:12343.Google Scholar
Telegin, D.Y. 1968. Dnipro-Donets’ka kul’tura. Kiev: Dumka.Google Scholar
Telegin, D.Y. 1973. Seredno-Stogivska kul’tura epokhimidi. Kiev: Naukova Dumka.Google Scholar
Telegin, D.Y. 1986. Dereivka: a settlement and cemetery of copper age horse keepers on the middle Dnieper (ed. J.P. Mallory). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S287.Google Scholar
Telegin, D.Y. 1987. Neolithic cultures of the Ukraine and adjacent areas and their chronology, Journal of World Prehistory 1(3): 30731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Telegin, D.Y. 1991. Neolitichcskie mogil’niki Mariupol’skogo tipa. Kiev: Dumka.Google Scholar
Telegin, D.Y. 1995. About the absolute age of the settlement and cemetery of Dereivka on the middle Dnieper. Conference paper, Early horsekeepers of the Eurasian steppes, June 1995, Petropavlovsk, Kazakhstan.Google Scholar
Telegin, D.Y. & Potekhina, I.D.. 1987. Neolithic cemeteries and populations in the Dnieper Basin (ed. J.P. Mallory). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series S383.Google Scholar
Timofeev, V.I. & Zaitseva, G.I.. 1997. K problème radiouglerodnoi khronologii Neolita stepnoi i iuga lesnoi zony Evropeiskii chasti Rossii i Sibiri. Radiouglerod i Arkheoìogiya: 98108. Sankt-Peterhurg: Institut Istorii Material’noi Kul’tury.Google Scholar
Uerpmann, H.-P. 1990. Die Domestikation des Pierdes ira Chalkolithikum West-und Mitteleuropas, Madrider Mitteilungen 31: 10953.Google Scholar
Uerpmann, H.-P. 1995. Domestication of the horse – when, where and why?, in Le cheval et les autres équidés: aspects de l’histoire de leur insertion dans les activités humaines [Colloques d’histoire des connaissances zoologiques 61: 1529. Liège: Université de Liège.Google Scholar
Vasiliev, I.B. 1981. Eneolitpovohh’ya. Kuibyshev: Kuibyshevskii gosudarstvenyi pedagogicheskii institut.Google Scholar
Vasiliev, I.B., Kuznetsov, P.F. & Semënova, A.P.. 1995. Pamiatniki Potapovskogo tipa v lesostepnom Povolzh’e, in Drevnie Indoiranskie Kul’tury Volgo-Ural’ya: 537. Samara: Samarskogo Gosudarstvennogo Pedagogicheskogo Universiteta.Google Scholar
Vasiliev, I.B. & Matveeva, G.I.. 1979. Mogil’nik u s. S’ezzhee na R. Samara, Sovietskaya Arkheologiia 4: 14766.Google Scholar
Vinogradov, N.B. 1995. Khronologiya, soderzhanie i kul’turnaya prinadlezhnost’ pamyatnikov Sintashtinskogo tipa Bronzogo Veka v iuzhnom Zaurale, Istoricheskie Nauki 1: 1626.Google Scholar
Yanushevich, Z.V. 1989. Agricultural evolution north of the Black Sea from the Neolithic to the Iron Age, in Harris, D.R. & Hillman, G.C. (ed.), Foraging and farming: the evolution of plant domestication: 60719. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Yudin, A.I. 1988. Varfolomeevskaya neoliticheskaya stoyanka, in Merpert, N.Y. Siniuk, A. T. Vasiliev, I.B. & Vybornov, A.A. (ed.), Arkheologicheskie Kul’tury Severnogo Prikaspiya: 14272. Kuibyshev: Kuibyshevskii Gosudarstvenny Pedagogicheskii Institut.Google Scholar
Yudin, A.I. 1998. Orlovskaya kul’tura i istoki formirovaniya stepnogo Eneolita zavolzh’ia, Problemy Drevnei Istorii Severnogo Prikaspiya: 83105. Samara: Institut istorii i arkheologii Povolzh’ya.Google Scholar
Zaibert, V.F. 1993. Eneolit Uralo-Irtyshskogo mezhdurech’ia. Petropavlovsk: Nauka, Kazakhstan.Google Scholar