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Shell rings of the southeast US

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

M. Russo  and
G. Heide
M. Russo
Affiliation:
SEAC, 2035 E. Paul Dirac, Tallahassee FL 32310, USA, [email protected][email protected]
G. Heide
Affiliation:
SEAC, 2035 E. Paul Dirac, Tallahassee FL 32310, USA, [email protected][email protected]
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Extract

Shell rings are circular and semi-circular deposits of shell (mostly oyster, Crassostrea virginica), faunal bone, artefacts and soil constructed along the Florida, Georgia and South Carolina coasts of the southeastern United States.

Rings in Georgia and South Carolina date to c. 4200–3200 BP and range in size from 1 to 3 m tall and 22 to 83 m across. These little-studied sites have been suggested to be the remains of gaming arenas, astronomical observatories, torture chambers, houses of state, and fish traps. Most archaeologists view the sites as the subsistence remains of egalitarian hunter/fisher encampments. The rings’ generally symmetrical, circular shapes are seen as reflective of the equal status among their societal members wherein no individual or family held a unique or favoured position over another. The general absence of exotic or prestige artefacts, elaborate burials and ceremonial mounds has reinforced the concept that these Late Archaic shell rings reflect rudimentary hunter/fisher cultures. Ironically, shell rings have also been cited as the earliest evidence for the rise of hierarchical social development in North America (Russo 1991; Russo & Saunders 1999). Shell rings have yielded evidence of the earliest permanent year-round occupations, the earliest development of pottery and the earliest examples of large-scale monumental architecture. Consequentially the function of shell rings remains an open question.

Type
News & Notes
Information
Antiquity , Volume 75 , Issue 289 , September 2001 , pp. 491 - 492
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2001

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References

Dlckel, D. 1992. An archaeological and historical survey of bonit Springs, parcel three, Lee Co., FL. Miami (FL): the Archaeological and historical Conservancy. Technical Report 43.Google Scholar
Grøn, O. 1991. A method for reconstruction of social structure in prehistoric societies and examples of practical application, in Gron, O. Englestad, E. & Lindblom, I. (ed.), Social space: human spatial behaviour in dwellings and settlements: 100–17. Odense: Odense University Press.Google Scholar
Russo, M. 1991. Archaic sedentism on the Florida coast: a case study from Horr’s Island. Unpublished Ph.D dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida.Google Scholar
Russo, M. & Saunders, R. 1999. Identifying the early use of coastal fisheries and the rise of social complexity in shell rings and arcuate middens on Florida’s northeast coast. Final report, the National Geographic Society, Washington (DC).Google Scholar