Portugal v. Germany. (The Cysne)

Abstract

Claims — National Character of — Distribution of Awards.

Damages — Measure of — Destruction of Neutral Prizes — Losses of Owners and of Insurance Companies.

Treaties — Absence of Ratification — Declaration of London of 1909 — Recognition as Binding by Parties — Application by Arbitral Tribunals.

Arbitration — Law Applied — Article 38 of Statute of Permanent Court of International Justice — Declaration of London.

Warfare at Sea — Neutral Vessels — Destruction of — When Permissible — Article 49 of Declaration of London.

Prize Courts — Decisions of — Finality — International Responsibility of Captor.

Neutrality — Belligerent Reprisals — Effect upon Neutrals — Legitimacy of.

Reprisals — In war — Effect on Neutrals — Indirect and Direct Effect — Decisions of Prize Courts — Finality of — International Responsibility of Captor — Destruction of Neutral Vessels — Submarines — Damages for Destruction of Neutral Vessels — National Character of Claims — Declaration of London — Binding Character of — Law Applied by Arbitral Tribunal.