Hostname: page-component-cc8bf7c57-8cnds Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-11T23:00:01.093Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Feminist Demands and the Problem of Housework

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2022

KATRINA FORRESTER Open the ORCID record for KATRINA FORRESTER [Opens in a new window]
KATRINA FORRESTER*
Affiliation:
Harvard University, United States
*
Katrina Forrester, Assistant Professor of Government and Social Studies, Department of Government, Harvard University, United States, [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article develops an account of demand-making and provides a novel framework for evaluating the demands and strategies of social movements. It explores three features of demands, arguing that they disclose social conditions, create constituencies, and set the horizons of the world that social movements seek to build. It does so by considering two feminist demands: the demand for wages for housework and for the socialization of housework. By revisiting revolutionary feminism in the 1970s, it contrasts two strategic perspectives articulated in debates about housework: what Selma James called the “perspective of winning” and what I call the “perspective of investment,” a strategy for change that sees short-term reforms as investments in long-term transformations. In light of this, I endorse the demand to socialize housework as apt for the contemporary care economy and show how my account of demand-making contributes to the political theory of social movements by clarifying movement demands for “non-reformist reforms,” such as defund the police.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 116 , Issue 4 , November 2022 , pp. 1278 - 1292
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agger, Ellen. 1975. “Smile Honey.” In Wages for Housework: Women Speak Out: May Day Rally, Toronto, eds. Toronto Wages for Housework Committee, 25–27. Toronto: Amazon Press.Google Scholar
Akbar, Amna. 2020. “Demands for a Democratic Political Economy.” Harvard Law Review 134 (1): 90–118.Google Scholar
Alstott, Anne. 2004. No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Elizabeth. 2017. Private Government. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Arruzza, Cinzia, Bhattacharya, Tithi, and Fraser, Nancy. 2019. Feminism for the 99 Percent. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Bakker, Isabella. 2007. “Social Reproduction and the Constitution of a Gendered Political Economy.” New Political Economy 12 (4): 541–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldi, Guido. 1972. “Theses on Mass Worker and Social Capital.” Radical America 6 (3): 3–21.Google Scholar
Bariola, Nino, and Collins, Caitlyn. 2021. “The Gendered Politics of Pandemic Relief: Labor and Family Policies in Denmark, Germany, and the United States during COVID-19.” American Behavioral Scientist 65 (12): 1671–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Battistoni, Alyssa. 2022. “A Green New Deal for Care: Revaluing the Work of Social and Ecological Reproduction.” Unpublished paper.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beal, Frances. [1969] 2008. “Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female.” Meridians 8 (2): 166–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benanav, Aaron. 2020. Automation and the Future of Work. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Benston, Margaret. [1969] 2019. “The Political Economy of Women’s Liberation.” Monthly Review 71 (4): 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berges, Sabrine. 2015. “Is Not Doing the Washing up Like Draft Dodging? The Military Model for Resisting a Gender Based Labour Division.” Journal of Applied Philosophy 34 (3): 551–45.Google Scholar
Best, Beverley. 2021. “Wages for Housework Redux.” Theory & Event 24 (4): 896–921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhandar, Brenna, and Ziadah, Rafeef. 2020. Revolutionary Feminisms. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, Tithi. 2017. Social Reproduction Theory. London: Pluto Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flame, Big. 1976a. “Introduction to Meeting of Liverpool Big Flame Womens Group on Wages for Housework 25.2.76.” Big Flame Internal Documents, 1–7. London: MayDay Rooms Archives.Google Scholar
Flame, Big. 1976b. “Why “Wages for Housework” Is Not Enough.” Big Flame Internal Documents, 1–7. London: MayDay Rooms Archives.Google Scholar
Flame, Big. 1976c. “Housework Off Our Backs.” Big Flame Internal Documents, 1–7. London: MayDay Rooms Archives.Google Scholar
Flame, Big. 1976d. “Women’s Commission Report to Big Flame Conference 1976.” Big Flame Internal Documents, 1–7. London: MayDay Rooms Archives.Google Scholar
Flame, Big. 1977. “Housework: Its Role in Capitalist Relations of Production and In Revolutionary Strategy.” Big Flame Internal Documents, 1–7. London: MayDay Rooms Archives.Google Scholar
Boris, Eileen, and Klein, Jennifer. 2015. Caring for America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brenner, Johanna. 1989. “Feminism’s Revolutionary Promise: Finding Hope in Hard Times”.” Socialist Register 25: 245–63.Google Scholar
Bracke, Maude. 2013. “Between the Transnational and the Local.” Women’s History Review 22 (4): 625–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brighouse, H., and Wright, E. O.. 2008. “Strong Gender Egalitarianism” Politics and Society 36 (3): 360–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Wilmette. 1976. “The Autonomy of Black Lesbian Women.” Box 1, Wages for Housework Special Collections, Lesbian Herstory Archive, Brooklyn, NY.Google Scholar
Brown, Wendy. 2019. In the Ruins of Neoliberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capper, Beth, and Austin, Arlen. 2018. “‘Wages for Housework Means Wages against Heterosexuality’: On the Archives of Black Women for Wages for Housework and Wages Due Lesbians.” GLQ 24 (4): 445–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Care Collective. 2020. The Care Manifesto. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Cooper, Melinda. 2014. Clinical Labor. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Cooper, Melinda. 2017. Family Values. Princeton, NJ: Zone Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, Nicole, and Federici, Silvia. 1975. Counter-Planning from the Kitchen. Bristol: Falling Wall Press.Google Scholar
Resistance, Critical 2020. “Reformist Reforms vs. Abolitionist Steps in Policing.” http://criticalresistance.org/abolish-policing/.Google Scholar
Mariarosa, Dalla Costa. 1972. “Women and the Subversion of the Community.” Radical America 6 (1): 23–69.Google Scholar
Mariarosa, Dalla Costa, and James, Selma. 1973. The Power of Women and the Subversion of the Community. Bristol: Falling Wall Press.Google Scholar
Davis, Angela. 1972. “Reflections on the Black Woman’s Role in the Community of Slaves.” The Massachusetts Review 13 (1/2): 81–100.Google Scholar
Davis, Angela Y. 1981. Women, Race, & Class. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
De’Ath, Amy. 2018. “Gender and Social Reproduction.” In The Sage Handbook of Frankfurt School Critical Theory. eds. Best, Beverley, Bonefeld, Werner, and O’Kane, Chris, 1534–50. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, Marlene. 1977. “Wages for Housework and Strategies of Revolutionary Fantasy.” Synthesis 1 (4): 12–17.Google Scholar
Dwyer, Rachel E. 2013. “The Care Economy? Gender, Economic Restructuring, and Job Polarization in the U.S. Labor Market.” American Sociological Review 78 (3): 390–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edmond, Wendy, and Fleming, Suzie. 1975. All Work and No Pay. Bristol: Falling Wall Press.Google Scholar
Ehrenreich, Barbara, and English, Deirde. 1975. “The Manufacture of Housework.” Socialist Revolution 5 (26): 5–40.Google Scholar
Ehrenreich, Barbara, and Ehrenreich, John. 1973. “Hospital Workers: A Case Study in the ‘New Working Class.’” Monthly Review 24: 12–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrenreich, Barbara, and Hochschild, Arlie Russell. 2003. Global Women. New York: Metropolitan Books.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta. 1999. Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, Ashley D. 2017. Remaking Black Power. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Federici, Silvia. 1975. Wages against Housework. London: Power of Women Collective; Bristol: Falling Wall Press.Google Scholar
Federici, Silvia. 2012. Revolution at Point Zero. Oakland, CA: PM Press.Google Scholar
Federici, Silvia, and Arlen, Austin. 2017. The New York Wages for Housework Committee 1972-1977. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Susan. 2020. Women and Work. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Firestone, Shulamith. [1970] 2003. The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Folbre, Nancy. 2007. “Measuring Care: Gender, Empowerment, and the Care Economy.” Journal of Human Development 7 (2): 183–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrester, Katrina. 2021. “Capitalism and the Organization of Displacement: Selma James on Work, Identity, and Internationalism.” Unpublished Paper.Google Scholar
Fox, Bonnie, ed. 1980. Hidden in the Household: Women’s Domestic Labour under Capitalism. Toronto: The Women’s Press.Google Scholar
Fraser, Nancy. 1994. “After the Family Wage.” Political Theory 22 (4): 591–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraser, Nancy. 2016. “Contradictions of Capital and Care.” New Left Review 100 (July/August): 99–117.Google Scholar
Freeman, Caroline. 1973. “When Is a Wage Not a Wage?” Red Rag 5: 16–8.Google Scholar
Gardiner, Jean. 1976. “The Political Economy of Domestic Labour in Capitalist Societies.” In Dependence and Exploitation in Work and Marriage, eds. Diana, Leonard, Sheila, Allen, and Diana, Leonard Barker, 109–20. London: Longman Publishing.Google Scholar
Gardiner, Jean, Himmelweit, Susan, and Mackintosh, Maureen. 1975. “Women’s Domestic Labour.” Bulletin of the Conference of Socialist Economists 4, 2 (11): JG, SH, and MM 1-11.Google Scholar
Gerstein, Ira. 1973. “Domestic Work and Capitalism.” Radical America 7 (4–5): 101–28.Google Scholar
Gilmore, Ruth Wilson. 2007. Golden Gulag. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Gheaus, Anca. 2018. “Gender-Egalitarian Policies in the Workplace and Family.” In Routledge Handbook of Ethics and Public Policy, eds. Lever, Annabelle and Poama, Andrei 293–305. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gheaus, Anca. 2020. “The Feminist Argument against Supporting Care.” The Journal of Practical Ethics. 8 (1): 1–27 Google Scholar
Gheaus, Anca, and Herzog, Lisa. 2016. “The Goods of Work (other Than Money!)” Journal of Social Philosophy 47 (1): 70–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazer, Nona Y. 1984. “Servants to Capital: Unpaid Domestic Labor and Paid Work.” Review of Radical Political Economics 16 (1): 60–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazer, Nona Y. 1993. Women’s Paid and Unpaid Labor: The Work Transfer in Health Care and Retailing. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Glenn,  Evelyn Nakano. 2010. Forced to Care. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, Maya, and Neton, Jeanne. 2014. “The Logic of Gender: On the Separation of Spheres and the Process of Abjection.” In Contemporary Marxist Theory: A Reader, eds. Pendakis, Andrew, Diamanti, Jeff, Brown, Nicholas, Robisnon, Josh, and Szeman, Imre, 149–74. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Gorz, André. 1967. Strategy for Labor: A Radical Proposal. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Gourevitch, Alex. 2018. “The Right to Strike: A Radical View.”American Political Science Review 112 (4): 905–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourevitch, Alex, and Stanczyck, Lucas. 2018. “The Basic Income Illusion.” Catalyst 1 (4): 151–77.Google Scholar
Harrison, John. 1973. “The Political Economy of Housework.” Bulletin of the Conference of Socialist Economists. Winter: 35–51.Google Scholar
Hartman, Saidiya. 2019. Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Hayward, Clarissa. 2020. “Disruption: What Is It Good For?” Journal of Politics 82 (2): 448–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hensman, Rohini. 2011. “Revisiting the Domestic-Labour Debates: An Indian Perspective.” Historical Materialism 19 (3): 3–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hester, Helen, and Srnicek, Nick 2018. “The Crisis of Social Reproduction and the End of Work.” Open Mind. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/104129555/Hester_and_Srnicek_2018_The_Crisis_of_Social_Reproduction_and_the_End_of_Work_.pdf.Google Scholar
Collins, Patricia Hill. 1999. Work, Family, and Black Women’s Oppression. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Himmelweit, Susan, and Mohun, Simon. 1977. “Domestic Labour and Capital.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 1 (1): 15–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hochschild, Arlie R. 1983. The Managed Heart. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hooker, Juliet. 2016. “Black Lives Matter and the Paradoxes of U.S. Black Politics.” Political Theory 44 (4): 448–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honig, Bonnie. 2021. A Feminist Theory of Refusal. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Huws, Ursula. 2019. “The Hassle of Housework: Digitalisation and the Commodification of Domestic Labour.” Feminist Review 123 (1): 8–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iversen, Torben, and Rosenbluth, Frances. 2010. Women, Work, and Politics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
James, Selma [1972] 1974. Women, the Unions and Work … or, What is Not to be Done and the Perspective of Winning. New York: KNOW.Google Scholar
James, Selma. 2012. Sex, Race and Class. Oakland, CA: PM Press.Google Scholar
Jarrett, Kylie. 2016. Feminism, Labor and Digital Media. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jenness, Linda. ed. 1972. Feminism and Socialism. New York: Pathfinder Press.Google Scholar
Jones, Claudia. 1949. “An End to the Neglect of the Problem of the Negro Woman!” Political Affairs 28 (6): 51–67.Google Scholar
Kotiswaran, Prabha. 2020. “An Ode to Altruism: How Indian Courts Value Unpaid Domestic Work.” Working Paper. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3740179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kittay, Eva Feder. 1999. Love’s Labor: Essays on Women, Equality and Dependency. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Annette, and Wolpe, AnnMarie. 1978. Feminism and Materialism. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
La Berge, Leigh. 2019. Wages against Artwork: Decommodified Labor and the Claims of Socially Engaged Art. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Landemore, Hélène, and Ferreras, Isabelle. 2016. “In Defense of Workplace Democracy: Towards a Justification of the Firm–State Analogy.” Political Theory 44 (1): 53–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landes, Joan. 1975. “Wages for Housework: Subsidizing Capitalism?” Quest 2 (2): 18–30.Google Scholar
Lewis, Sophie. 2019. Full Surrogacy Now. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Lefkovitz, Alison. 2018. Strange Bedfellows. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lister, Ruth. 1994. “‘She Has other Duties’: Women, Citizenship and Social Security.” In Social Security and Social Change: New Challenges to the Beveridge Model, eds. Baldwin, Sally and Falkingham, Jane, 31–44. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.Google Scholar
Livingston, Alexander. 2018. “Fidelity to Truth: Gandhi and the Genealogy of Civil Disobedience.” Political Theory 46 (4): 511–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopate, Carole. 1974. “Women and Pay for Housework.” Liberation May/June: 8–11.Google Scholar
Mac, Juno, and Smith, Molly. 2020. Revolting Prostitutes: The Fight for Sex Workers’ Rights. London: Verso.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine A. 1989. Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Mainardi, Pat. 1970. “The Politics of Housework.” It Ain’t Me Babe 1 (3): 5.Google Scholar
Malos, Ellen. 1980. The Politics of Housework. London: Allison and Busby.Google Scholar
Mansbridge, Jane. 1994. “Using Power/ Fighting Power”. Constellations 1 (1): 53–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mantena, Karuna. 2012. “Another Realism: The Politics of Gandhian Nonviolence.” The American Political Science Review 106 (2): 455–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAdam, Douglas, McCarthy, John D., and Zald, Mayer N., eds. 1996. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mezzadri, Alessandra. 2019. “On the Value of Social Reproduction.” Radical Philosophy 2 (4): 33–41.Google Scholar
Milkman, Ruth. 1976. “Women’s Work and the Economic Crisis.” Review of Radical Political Economics 8 (1): 73–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millner-Larsen, Nadja. 2013. “Demandless Times.” Women’s Studies Quarterly 41 (3/4): 113–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Misra, Joya. 1998. “Mothers or Workers? The Value of Women’s Labor.” Gender & Society 12 (4): 376–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, Juliet. 1966. “Women: The Longest Revolution.” New Left Review 1 (40): 11–37.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Juliet. 1971. Woman’s Estate. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Mohandesi, Salar, and Emma, Teitelmen 2017. “Without Reserves.” In Social Reproduction Theory, ed.Tithi Bhattacharya, 37–67. London: Pluto Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, Peggy. 1970. “A Woman’s Work Is Never Done.” Leviathan 2 (1): 32–37.Google Scholar
Müller, Mirjam. 2021. “Who Cares? Market Socialism and Social Reproduction.” Review of Social Economy. 79 (3): 454–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, Kirstin. 2021. “Unproductive Workers and State Repression.” Review of Radical Political Economics 53 (4): 623–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nadasen, Premilla. 2011. Rethinking the Welfare Rights Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
OECD. 2021. “Caregiving in Crisis: Gender Inequality in Paid and Unpaid Work during COVID-19.” Paris: OECD Publishing. https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=1122_1122019-pxf57r6v6k&title=Caregiving-in-crisis-Gender-inequality-in-paid-and-unpaid-work-during-COVID-19.Google Scholar
Oksala, Johanna. 2019. “Feminism against Biocapitalism: Gestational Surrogacy and the Limits of the Labor Paradigm.” Signs 44 (4): 883–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Shea, Tom. 2019. “Are Workers Dominated?” Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 16 (1): 1–24.Google Scholar
Oakley, Ann. 1974. Woman’s Work: The Housewife, Past and Present. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Orloff, Ann. 2013. “Why Basic Income Does Not Promote Gender Equality.” In Basic Income, eds. Widerquist, Karl, Noguera, José, Vanderborght, Yannick, and De Wispelaere, Jurgen, 149–152. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Pateman, Carole. 2004. “Democratizing Citizenship: Some Advantages of a Basic Income.” Politics and Society 32 (1): 89–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pineda, Erin. 2018. “One Year In, Fifty Years Later.” Contemporary Political Theory 17 (3): 338–43.Google Scholar
Pineda, Erin R. 2021. Seeing Like an Activist: Civil Disobedience and the Civil Rights Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power of Women. 1975. “The Home in the Hospital.” In All Work and No Pay, eds. Wendy Edmond and Suzie Fleming, 69–88. Bristol: Falling Wall Press.Google Scholar
Prescod-Roberts, Margaret. 1980. Black Women: Bringing It All back Home. Bristol: Falling Wall Press.Google Scholar
Quick, Paddy. 2008. “Unpaid, Reproductive, Caring Labor?” Review of Radical Political Economics 40 (3): 308–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, Chandan. 1998. “Home, Houses, Non-Identity: Paris is Burning.” In Burning Down the House: Recycling Domesticitiy , ed. Rosemary, Marangoly George, 355–79. Boulder CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, Dorothy. 1997. “Spiritual and Menial Housework.” Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 9 (1): 51–80.Google Scholar
Robeyns, Ingrid. 2008. “Revisiting the Feminism and Basic Income Debate.” Basic Income Studies 3 (3): 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, Julie. 2016. Free Time. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, Bertie. 2015. “Demanding the Future?… What a Demand Can Do.” Journal of Aesthetics and Protest. http://joaap.org/webspecials/Demanding_A_Future.html.Google Scholar
Sargent, Lydia, and Hartmann, Heidi I.. 1981. Women and Revolution. Montréal, Quebec: Black Rose Books.Google Scholar
Schouten, Gina. 2019. Liberalism, Neutrality, and the Gendered Division of Labor. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartzberg, Melissa, ed. 2020. Protest and Dissent. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, David. 2004. Conscripts of Modernity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Secombe, Wally. 1974. “The Housewife and Her Labour under Capitalism.” New Left Review 83 (January/February): 3–24.Google Scholar
Shelby, Tommie, and Terry, Brandon M.. 2018. To Shape a New World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Sophie. 2020. “A Change of World: Feminism as Political Theory.” Unpublished Paper.Google Scholar
Spencer, Robyn C. 2016. The Revolution Has Come: Black Power, Gender, and the Black Panther Party in Oakland. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, Amia 2019. “Genealogy, Epistemology and Worldmaking.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 119 (2): 127–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srnicek, Nick, and Williams, Alex. 2015. Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Stevenson, George. 2019. The Women’s Liberation Movement and the Politics of Class in Britain. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoller, Sarah. 2018. “Forging a Politics of Care.” History Workshop Journal 85 (Spring): 95–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swinth, Kirsten. 2018. Feminism’s Forgotten Fight. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Christopher. 2014. “The Refusal of Work: From the Postemancipation Caribbean to Post-Fordist Empire.” Small Axe 18 (2 [44]): 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terry, Brandon M. 2012. “Which Way to Memphis? Political Theory, Narrative, and the Politics of Historical Imagination in the Civil Rights Movement.” PhD diss. Yale University.Google Scholar
Terry, Brandon. 2015. “After Ferguson.” The Point 10. https://thepointmag.com/politics/after-ferguson/.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 2013. Social Movements 1768-2012. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.Google Scholar
Toupin, Louise. 2018. Wages for Housework: A History of an International Feminist Movement, 1972-77. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.Google Scholar
Tronti, Mario. 1972. “The Struggle against Labor.” Radical America 6 (3): 22–25.Google Scholar
Tronto, Joan C. 2013. Caring Democracy: Markets, Equality, and Justice. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Trotsky, Leon. 1970. The Death Agony of Capitalism. New York: Pathfinder Press.Google Scholar
Trott, Ben. 2007. “Walking in the Right Direction?” Turbulence 1: 14–15.Google Scholar
Turner, Ben, and Van Milders, Lucas, 2021. “Why Should Political Theorists Care about Work?” Theory & Event 24 (4): 1035–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Veen, Robert, and Van Parijs, Philippe. 1986. “A Capitalist Road to Communism.” Theory and Society 15 (5): 635–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Parijs, Phillippe. 1995. Real Freedom for All: What (If Anything) Can Justify Capitalism?. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Vogel, Lise. 1973. “The Earthly Family.” Radical America 7 (4): 9–50.Google Scholar
Vogel, Lise. 1983. Marxism and the Oppression of Women: Toward a Unitary Theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Vogel, Lise. 2000. “Domestic Labor Revisited.” Science and Society 64 (2): 151–70.Google Scholar
Wandor, Michelle, ed. 1972. The Body Politic. Dunfermline, UK: Better World Books.Google Scholar
Weeks, Kathi. 2011. The Problem with Work: Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics, and Postwork Imaginaries. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Maxine. 1970. “Feminism and Socialism: Why Women’s Liberation is Important to Black Women.” The Militant (July 3): 40–7.Google Scholar
Williams, Joan. 2000. Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict and What To Do About It. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Winant, Gabriel. 2021. The Next Shift: The Fall of Industry and the Rise of Health Care in Rust Belt America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Woodly, Deva R. 2015. The Politics of Common Sense: How Social Movements Use Public Discourse to Change Politics and Win Acceptance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodly, Deva R. 2021. Reckoning: Black Lives Matter and the Democratic Necessity of Social Movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wright, Erik Olin. 2010. Envisioning Real Utopias. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Yamamori, Toru. 2014. “A Feminist Way to Unconditional Basic Income: Claimants Unions and Women’s Liberation Movements in 1970s Britain.” Basic Income Studies 9 (1): 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zerilli, Linda. 2005. Feminism and the Abyss of Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.