Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:40:32.668Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Architecture as Artifact—Part II: A Comment on Gilman

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Richard H. Wilshusen*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0233

Abstract

Can architecture be treated as an artifact worthy of archaeological analysis? This is a key question that remains unanswered in Gilman's (1987) article on southwestern pit structures and pueblos. The majority of Gilman's article is a cross-cultural ethnographic overview of pit-structure and pueblo use. Gilman takes such a "big-picture" approach that when she finally presents her archaeological data it is insufficient to test her model of architectural change. More importantly, by disregarding temporal changes in prehistoric southwestern pit-structure and pueblo designs, Gilman fails to realize that pit structures and pueblos are architecturally related phenomena during the transition period that is the focus of her research. Pit structures, rather than being independent of pueblos, actually provide the construction dirt with which many of the first pueblos are built.

Résumé

Résumé

¿Puede la arquitectura ser tratada como un artefacto válido para el análisis arqueológico? Esta pregunta es muy importante y permanece sin respuesta en el reciente artículo de Gilman (1987) sobre las estructuras subterráneas y los "pueblos" del sur-oeste norteamericano. La mayor parte del artículo de Gilman es un sumario etnográfico de los usos de las estructuras subterráneas y de las estructuras de adobe en el mundo entero. El modelo de Gilman es una aproximación analítica general; la cual, ante la presencia de estadísticas arqueológicas resulta insuficiente para explicar los cambios arquitectónicos reales. Más aún, el hecho de subestimar los cambios temporales en los diseños de las estructuras subterráneas y "pueblos" induce a Gilman a desestimar que éstas son un fenómeno arquitectónicamente relacionado con el período transicional, el cual es precisamente elfoco de su investigatión. Las estructuras subterráneas no son independientes de las estructuras de adobe; por el contrario, éstas suministraban la tierra con la cual gran parte de los primeros pueblos fueron construidos.

Type
Comments
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Brew, J. O. 1946 Archaeology of Alkali Ridge, Southeastern Utah, with a Review of the Prehistory of the Mesa Verde Division of the San Juan and Some Observations on Archaeological Systematics. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 21. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Brisbin, J. M., Emerson, A. M., and Schlanger, S. H. 1986 Excavations at Dos Casas Hamlet (Site 5MT2193), a Basketmaker Ill/Pueblo I Habitation Site. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : Sites in the Sagehen Flats Area, compiled by Kane, A. E. and Gross, G. T., pp. 547635. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Brisbin, J. M., Kane, A. E., and Morris, J. N. 1988 Excavations at McPhee Pueblo (Site 5MT4475), a Pueblo I and Early Pueblo II Multicomponent Village. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : McPhee Village, compiled by Kane, A. E. and Robinson, C. K., pp. 61403. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Brisbin, J. M., and Varien, M. 1986 Excavations at Tres Bobos Hamlet (Site 5MT4545), a Basketmaker III Habitation Site. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : Early Anasazi Sites in the Sagehen Flats Area, compiled by Kane, A. E. and Gross, G. T., pp. 117210. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Bullard, W. R. 1962 The Cerro Colorado Site and Pithouse Architecture in the Southwestern United States Prior to A. D. 900. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 44. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Gilman, P. A. 1987 Architecture as Artifact : Pit Structures and Pueblos in the American Southwest. American Antiquity 52 : 538564.Google Scholar
Gladwin, H. S. 1945 The Chaco Branch Excavations at White Mound and in the Red Mesa Valley. Medallion Paper 33. Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona.Google Scholar
Hayes, A. C, and Lancaster, J. A. 1975 Badger House Community, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. Publications in Archeology 7E. National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
Kane, A. E. 1988 McPhee Community Cluster Introduction. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : McPhee Village, compiled by Kane, A. E. and Robinson, C. K., pp. 159. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Kuckelman, K. A. 1988 Excavations at Golondrinas Oriental (Site 5MT5108), a Pueblo I Hamlet. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : McPhee Village, compiled by Kane, A. E. and Robinson, C. K., pp. 907983. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Lekson, S. H. 1988 The Idea of the Kiva in Anasazi Archaeology. The Kiva 53 : 213234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lightfoot, R. R. 1988 Roofing an Early Anasazi Great Kiva : Analysis of an Architectural Model. The Kiva 53 : 253272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipe, W. D., and Breternitz, C. D. 1980 Approaches to Analyzing Variability among Dolores Area Structures, A. D. 600-950. Contract Abstracts and CRM Archeology 1 : 2128.Google Scholar
Lipe, W. D., Varien, M. D., Morris, J. N., Lightfoot, R. R., and Kohler, T. A. 1988 Synthesis. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : Grass Mesa Village, compiled by Lipe, W. D., Morris, J. N., and Kohler, T. A., pp. 12131276. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Martin, P. S., Roys, L., and Bonin, G. Van 1936 Lowry Ruin in Southwestern Colorado. Anthropological Series Vol. 23, No. 1. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.Google Scholar
Matthews, M. H. 1988a McPhee Community Cluster Macrobotanical Data Base : Testing the Concept of Agricultural Intensification. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : McPhee Village, compiled by Kane, A. E. and Robinson, C. K., pp. 10971127. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Matthews, M. H. 1988b The Macrobotanical Data Base : Applications in Testing Two Models of Socioeconomic Change. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : Grass Mesa Village, compiled by Lipe, W. D., Morris, J. N., and Kohler, T. A., pp. 11371158. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
McGuire, R. H., and Schiffer, M. B. 1983 A Theory of Architectural Design. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 3 : 277303.Google Scholar
McKenna, P. J., and Truell, M. L. 1986 Small Site Architecture, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Publications in Archeology 18D. National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
Morris, E. H. 1939 Archaeological Studies in the La Plata District, Southwestern Colorado and Northwestern New Mexico. Publication 519. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
Morris, J. N. 1988 Excavations at Weasel Pueblo (Site 5MT5106), a Pueblo I-Pueblo III Multiple Occupation Site. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : McPhee Village, compiled by Kane, A. E. and Robinson, C. K., pp. 663784. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Neusius, S. W. 1988 Faunal Exploitation During the McPhee Phase : Evidence from the McPhee Community Cluster. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : McPhee Village, compiled by Kane, A. E. and Robinson, C. K., pp. 12071291. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Neusius, S. W., and Gould, M. 1988 Faunal Remains : Implications for Dolores Anasazi Adaptations. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : Grass Mesa Village, compiled by Lipe, W. D., Morris, J. N., and Kohler, T. A., pp. 10491135. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Orcutt, J. D. 1988a Evaluation of an Agricultural Intensification Model. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : Grass Mesa Village, compiled by Lipe, W. D., Morris, J. N., and Kohler, T. A., pp. 933961. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Orcutt, J. D. 1988b Aspects of Agricultural Production and Intensification at the McPhee Community Cluster. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : McPhee Village, compiled by Kane, A. E. and Robinson, C. K., pp. 10591075. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Plog, F. 1974 The Study of Prehistoric Change. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Stuart, D. E., and Farwell, R. Y. 1983 Out of Phase : Late Pithouse Occupations in the Highlands of New Mexico. In High-Altitude Adaptations in the Southwest, edited by Winter, J. C., pp. 115158. Cultural Resources Management Report 2. USDA Forest Service, Southwest Region, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Varien, M. D. 1984 Honky House : The Replication of Three Anasazi Surface Structures. Unpublished Masters’ thesis. Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin.Google Scholar
Varien, M. D. 1988 Excavations in Areas 1 and 2. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : Grass Mesa Village, compiled by Lipe, W. D., Morris, J. N., and Kohler, T. A., pp. 75315. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Wilshusen, R. H. 1984 Engineering the Pithouse to Pueblo Transition. Paper presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Portland.Google Scholar
Wilshusen, R. H. 1986a The Relationship Between Abandonment Mode and Ritual Use in Pueblo I Anasazi Protokivas. Journal of Field Archaeology 13 : 245254.Google Scholar
Wilshusen, R. H. 1986b Excavations at Rio Vista Village (Site 5MT2182), a Multicomponent Pueblo I Village. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Anasazi Communities at Dolores : Middle Canyon Area, compiled by Kane, A. E. and Robinson, C. K., pp. 209658. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Wilshusen, R. H. 1988a Architectural Trends in Prehistoric Anasazi Sites at Dolores, Colorado, A. D. 600-1200. In Dolores Archaeological Program : Supporting Studies : Additive and Reductive Technologies, compiled by Blinman, E., Phagan, C. J., and Wilshusen, R. H., pp. 599633. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar
Wilshusen, R. H. 1988b Sipapus, Ceremonial Vaults, and Foot Drums (Or a Resounding Argument for Protokivas). In Dolores Archaeological Program : Supporting Studies : Additive and Reductive Technologies, compiled by Blinman, E., Phagan, C. J., and Wilshusen, R. H., pp. 649671. U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver.Google Scholar