Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T23:03:10.090Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Incalculable Payments: Money, Scale, and the South African Offshore Grey Money Amnesty

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2013

Abstract:

This article seeks to refine conceptually the social study of finance and thus to extend the argument of Jane Guyer's Marginal Gains (2004). Using the case of the South African “grey money” amnesty, this article argues that social studies of finance have failed to pay adequate attention to social payments, as opposed to market exchanges, in their pronouncements about the extension of the calculative rationality and universal commensuration that are supposedly intrinsic to modern money. The amnesty, which allowed forgiveness for offshore tax evasion in return for a one-time payment, reconfigured “tax minimizers” as law-abiding and rational economic actors hedging against risk. Most took the opportunity; they were granted amnesty to repatriate their funds, which generated a significant boost in revenue for the South African state, with social and symbolic implications. This article reflects on what purchase is gained on the amnesty and the social study of finance generally by considering the amnesty as a series of payments, rather than cross-boundary financial transactions between individuals, trusts, and states.

Type
Special Issue
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Callon, Michel, and Muniesa, Fabian. 2005. “Economic Markets as Calculative Collective Devices.” Organization Studies 26 (8): 1229–50.Google Scholar
Cameron, Bruce. 2006. “Finalisation of ‘Grey Money’ Amnesty Enables State to Raise Offshore allowance.” Personal Finance, February 19.Google Scholar
Capgemini/Merrill Lynch World Wealth Report. 2000-2006.Google Scholar
Christensen, John. 2005. “Hooray Hen-wees.” London Review of Books 27 (19).Google Scholar
du Preez, Laura. 2003. “Manuel Extends Grey Money Amnesty.” Personal Finance, November 13.Google Scholar
Espeland, Wendy N., and Stevens, Mitchell L.. 1998. “Commensuration as a Social Process.” Annual Review of Sociology 24: 313–43.Google Scholar
Guyer, Jane. 2004. Marginal Gains: Monetary Transactions in Atlantic Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Guyer, Jane, ed. 1995. Money Matters: Instability, Values and Social Payments in the Modern History of West African Communities. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Hart, Keith. 2006. “The Persuasive Power of Money.” www.thememorybank.co.uk/publications/persuasion2>.Google Scholar
Ho, Karen. 2005. “Situating Global Capitalisms: A View from Wall Street Investment Banks.” Cultural Anthropology 20 (1): 6896.Google Scholar
Keane, Webb. 2003. “Semiotics and the Social Analysis of Material Things.” Language and Communication 23: 409–25.Google Scholar
Lehohla, Pali. 2002. “Earning and Spending in South Africa: Selected Findings and Comparisons from the Income and Expenditure Surveys of October 1995 and October 2000.” Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.Google Scholar
LiPuma, Edward, and Lee, Ben. 2004. Financial Derivatives and the Globalization of Risk. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Maurer, Bill. 2005a. Mutual Life, Limited: Islamic Banking, Alternative Currencies, Lateral Reason. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Maurer, Bill. 2005b. “Due Diligence and ‘Reasonable Man,’ Offshore.” Cultural Anthropology 20 (4): 474505.Google Scholar
Maurer, Bill. 2006. “The Anthropology of Money .” Annual Reviews in Anthropology 35 (2): 1536.Google Scholar
Miyazaki, Hiro. 2003. “The Temporalities of the Market.” American Anthropologist 105 (2): 255–65.Google Scholar
Maurer, Bill. 2005. “The Materiality of Finance Theory.” In Materiality, edited by Miller, D., 165–81. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Mohamed, Seeraj, and Finnoff, Kade. 2005. “Capital Flight from South Africa, 1980-2000.” In Capital Flight and Capital Controls in Developing Countries, edited by Epstein, Gerald. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Oxfam, . 2000. Tax Havens: Releasing the Hidden Billions for Poverty Eradication. London: Oxfam.Google Scholar
Palan, Ronen. 2003. The Offshore World: Sovereign Markets, Virtual Places and Nomad Millionaires. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Poovey, Mary. 1998. A History of the Modern Fact. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Postone, Moishe. 1993. Time, Labor and Social Domination: A Reconsideration of Marx's Critical Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rawlings, Gregory. 2003. “Cultural Narratives of Taxation and Citizenship: Fairness, Groups, and Globalisation.” Australian Journal of Social Issues 38 (3): 269305.Google Scholar
Rawlings, Gregory. 2005. “Mobile People, Mobile Capital and Tax Neutrality: Sustaining a Market for Offshore Finance Centers.” Accounting Forum 29: 289310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawlings, Gregory. 2007. “Taxes and Transnational Treaties: Responsive Regulation and the Reassertion of Offshore Sovereignty.” Law and Policy 29 (1): 5166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riles, Annelise. 2004. “Real Time: Governing the Market after the Failure of Knowledge.” American Ethnologist 31 (3): 114.Google Scholar
Roitman, Janet. 2005. Fiscal Disobedience: An Anthropology of Economic Regulation in Central Africa. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sharman, J. C. 2006. Havens in a Storm: The Struggle for Global Tax Regulation. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Sharman, Jason, and Rawlings, Gregory. 2005. Deconstructing National Tax Blacklists: Removing Obstacles to Cross-Border Trade in Financial Services. London: Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners.Google Scholar
Shell, Mark. 1982. Money, Language, and Thought. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press Google Scholar
Vlcek, William. 2006. “Offshore Finance, Harmful Tax Competition, and Global Capital Flows.”Google Scholar
Zelizer, Viviana. 1996. The Social Meaning of Money. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Zaloom, Caitlin. 2003. “Ambiguous Numbers: Trading Technologies and Interpretation in Financial Markets.” American Ethnologist 30 (2): 258–72.Google Scholar