Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-grxwn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T14:26:20.215Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Angels and Monotheism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2024

Michael D. Hurley
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge

Summary

While angels have played a decisive role in all the world's major religions and continue to loom large in the popular religious and creative imagination, modern theology has tended to ignore or trivialize them. The comparatively few scholarly works on angels over the last century have typically interpreted them as mere symbols and metaphors: they are said to offer glimpses not of the divine order, but of human desires, anxieties, and ideologies. Angelology has collapsed into anthropology. By contrast, this polemical book argues for the indispensable importance of studying angels as divinely created beings, for theology at large, and for understanding the defining doctrine of monotheistic religions in particular. Additionally, the book contends that the spirit of modern science did not originate with the so-called Scientific Revolution but was actually inspired centuries earlier by the angelological lucubrations of medieval scholastics.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781009374644
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 30 January 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adair, James (1775). The History of the American Indians. London: Edward and Charles Dilly.Google Scholar
Adamson, Peter (2002). The Arabic Plotinus: A Philosophical Study of the ‘Theology of Aristotle’. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Adamson, Peter(2016). Philosophical Theology. In Schmidtke, Sabine, ed., The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 297312.Google Scholar
Ahuvia, Mika (2021). On My Right Michael, on My Left Gabriel. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Akbar, Ali (2020). Contemporary Perspectives on Revelation and Qur’anic Hermeneutics: An Analysis of Four Discourses. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Alavi, Diane Karima (2007). Pillars of Religious Faith. In Cornell, Vincent J., ed., Voices of Islam, Vol. 1: Voices of Tradition. London: Praeger, 542.Google Scholar
Aquinas, Saint Thomas (2006). Summa Theologiae, 61 Vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Asselt, Willem J. Wan (2011). Introduction to Reformed Scholasticism. Grand Rapids, MI: Reformation Heritage Books.Google Scholar
Assmann, Jan (2007). No avari altro Dio. Il monoteismo e il linguaggio della violenza. Bolgna: Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Augustine, (1996). Teaching Christianity [De Doctrina Christiana], trans. Edmund Hill. New York: New York City Press.Google Scholar
Augustine, (2000). Expositions of the Psalms [Enarrationes in Psalmos], trans. Maria Boulding. New York: New York City Press.Google Scholar
Awn, Peter J. (1983). Satan’s Tragedy and Redemption: Iblīs in Sufi Psychology. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barron, Robert (2007). The Priority of Christ: Toward a Postliberal Catholicism. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Barth, Karl (1985). Unterricht in der Christlichen Religion, Vol. 1, ed. Reiffen, H.. Zürich: TVZ.Google Scholar
Barth, Karl (1991). The Göttingen Dogmatics: Instruction in the Christian Religion, Vol. 1, trans. G. W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.Google Scholar
Baudelaire, Charles (7 February 1864). Le Spleen de Paris. In Le Figaro, 35. Paris.Google Scholar
Belloc, Hilaire (1931). On the Word Scientific. In A Conversation with an Angel and Other Essays. London: Jonathan Cape, 204–11.Google Scholar
Bettini, Maurizio (2014). In Praise of Polytheism. California: California University Press.Google Scholar
Blau, Ludwig (1906). Angelology. Jewish Encyclopaedia. www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1521-angelology.Google Scholar
Bloom, Harold (1996). Omens of Millennium: The Gnosis of Angels, Dreams and Resurrection. New York: Riverhead Books.Google Scholar
Bloom, Harold (2007). Fallen Angels. London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Bonino, Serge Thomas OP. (2016). Angels and Demons: A Catholic Introduction. trans. Michael J. Miller. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Francis, Driver, Samuel Rolles, and Briggs, Charles Augustus (2000). Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament with an Appendix of Biblical Aramaic. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Bulgakov, Sergil (2010). Jacob’s Ladder: On Angels. trans. and with an introduction by Smith, Thomas Allan. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.Google Scholar
Burge, Stephen (2012). Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti’s al-Habaʼik fi akhbar al-malaʼik. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Burton, Tara Isabella (2020). Strange Rites: New Religions for a Godless World. New York: Public Affairs.Google Scholar
Charlesworth, Max (1999). Religion and Religions. Australian Religion Studies Review. 12.2, 2846.Google Scholar
Chesterton, Gilbert Keith (1933). St Thomas Aquinas. New York: Sheed & Ward.Google Scholar
Chesterton, Gilbert Keith (1990). The Collected Works of G.K. Chesterton (Vol. 21). San Franciso, CA: Ignatius Press.Google Scholar
Chesterton, Gilbert Keith (1996). The Man Who Was Thursday. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chipman, Leigh N. B. (2002). Adam and the Angels: An Examination of Mythic Elements in Islamic Sources. Arabica. 49.4, 429–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clulee, Nicholas (1988). John Dee’s Natural Philosophy: Between Science and Religion. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Coogan, Michael D. (2009). A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Corbin, Henry (1981a). A letter from Henry Corbin. In Miller, David L., ed., The New Polytheism. Dallas, TX: Spring, 512.Google Scholar
Corbin, Henry (1981b). Le paradoxe du monothéisme. Paris: l’Herne.Google Scholar
Cottingham, John (2015). How to Believe. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Cross, Richard (2005). Duns Scotus and Suarez at the Origins of Modernity. In Hankey, Wayne J. and Hedley, Douglas, eds., Deconstructing Radical Orthodoxy: Postmodern Theology, Rhetoric and Truth. Aldershot: Ashgate, 6580.Google Scholar
Damon, Maria (1997). Angelology: Things with Wings. In Gibian, Peter, ed., Mass Culture and Everyday Life. New York: Routledge, 205–211.Google Scholar
Dante, (2007). Paradiso, trans. Robin Kirkpatrick. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Dante, (2018). Convivio, ed. and trans. by Frisardi, Andrew. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Davidson, Herbert A. (1992). Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes, on Intellect: Their Cosmologies, Theories of the Active Intellect, and Theories of Human Intellect. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, John Gordon (1973). Everyday God. London: SCM.Google Scholar
Davies, Owen (2018). A Supernatural War: Magic, Divination, and Faith during the First World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Eagleton, Terry (2014). Culture and the Death of God. London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Emery, Kent and Speer, Andreas (2001). After the Condemnation of 1277: New Evidence, New Perspectives, and Grounds for New Interpretations. In Aertsen, Jan, Emery, Kent and Speer, Andreas, eds., Nach der Verurteilung von 1277 / After the Condemnation of 1277: Philosophie und Theologie an der Universität von Paris im letzten Viertel des 13. Jahrhunderts. Studien und Texte / Philosophy and Theology at the University of Paris in the Last Quarter of the Thirteenth Century. Studies and Texts. Berlin: De Gruyter, 320.Google Scholar
Empson, William (1984). Seven Types of Ambiguity. London: The Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Eshkevari, Mohammad Fana’i (2012). An Introduction to Contemporary Islamic Philosophy, trans. Mostafa Hoda’I. Edgware: MIU Press.Google Scholar
Ficino, Marsilio (1576). De Christiana religione [On the Christian Religion], Opera Omnia. Basel.Google Scholar
Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (1957). A Feature of Qumrân Angelology and the Angels of I Cor. XI. 10. New Testament Studies. 4.1, 4858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flint, Valerie I. J. (1991). The Rise of Magic in Early Medieval Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, Matthew and Sheldrake, Rupert (1996). The Physics of Angels: Exploring the Realm Where Science and Spirit Meet. San Francisco, CA: Harper San Francisco.Google Scholar
French, Peter (1972). John Dee: The World of an Elizabethan Magus. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Froelich, Karlfried (1987). Pseudo-Dionysius and the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century. In Rorem, Paul, ed., Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works, trans. Colm Luibheid. London: SPCK, 3346.Google Scholar
Gallorini, Louise Claude (2021). The Symbolic Function of Angels in the Qurʾān and Sufi Literature. PhD. Dissertation, American University of Beirut.Google Scholar
Gill, Meredith Jane (2014). Angels and the Order of Heaven in Medieval and Renaissance Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleason, Randall C. (2003). Angels and the Eschatology of Heb 1–2. New Testament Studies. 49, 90107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goris, Harm (2003). The Angelic Doctor and Angelic Speech: The Development of Thomas Aquinas’s Thought on How Angels Communicate. Medieval Philosophy & Theology. 11.1, 87105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, Stephen Jay (1997). Non-overlapping Magisteria. Natural History. 106, 1622.Google Scholar
Gould, Stephen Jay (1999). Rocks of Ages: Science and Religion in the Fullness of Life. New York: Ballantine Books.Google Scholar
Grant, Edward (1962). Late Medieval Thought, Copernicus, and the Scientific Revolution. Journal of the History of Ideas. 23.2, 197220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, Brad (2012). The Unintended Reformation: How a Religious Revolution Secularized Society. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guessoum, Nidhal (2010). Islam’s Quantum Question: Reconciling Muslim Tradition and Modern Science. London: I.B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Hachlili, Rachel (2013). Ancient Synagogues – Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Haleem, M. A. S. Abdel (2008). Qur’an and Hadith. In Winter, Tim, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harkness, Deborah E. (1999a). Climbing Jacob’s Ladder: Angelology as Natural Philosophy. In John Dee’s Conversations with Angels: Cabala, Alchemy, and the End of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 98130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harkness, Deborah E. (1999b). The Colloquium of Angels: Prague, 1586. In John Dee’s Conversations with Angels: Cabala, Alchemy, and the End of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawting, Gerald R. (1999). The Idea of Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam: From Polemic to History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heiser, Michael S. (2004). The Divine Council in Late Canonical and Non-Canonical Second Temple Jewish Literature. PhD. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Heiser, Michael S. (2015). The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.Google Scholar
Heiser, Michael S. (2018). Angels: What the Bible Really Says About God’s Heavenly Host. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.Google Scholar
Hildegard of Bingen (1882). Liber Vitae Meritorum. Pitra.Google Scholar
Hobbes, Thomas (1651). Leviathan. London: Andrew Crooke.Google Scholar
Hurley, Michael D. (2017). Faith in Poetry: Verse Style as a Mode of Religious Belief. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Hurley, Michael D. (2020). The Fate of Angels in the Nineteenth Century. Religion and Literature. 51.3–52.1, 518.Google Scholar
Hurtado, Larry W. (2010). Monotheism, Principal Angels, and the Background of Christology. In Collins, John J. and Lim, Timothy H., eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 546–64.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, Celene (2022). Islam and Monotheism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iribarren, Isabel and Lenz, Martin (2008). Introduction: The Role of Angels in Medieval Philosophical Inquiry. In Iribarren, I. and Lenz, M., eds., Angels in Medieval Philosophical Inquiry: Their Function and Significance. Aldershot: Ashgate, 114.Google Scholar
James, William (1920). The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature. London: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Jameson, Anna (2012). Sacred and Legendary Art, Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, David Albert (2010). Angels: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Josephson-Storm, Jason Ā. (2017). The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joyce, James (2003). A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Karanika, Andromache (2016). Messengers, Angels, and Laments for the Fall of Constantinople. In Bachvarova, Mary R., Dutsch, Dorota, and Suter, Ann, eds., The Fall of Cities in the Mediterranean: Commemoration in Literature, Folk-Song, and Liturgy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 226–51.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, Yehezkel (1960). The Religion of Israel, trans. Moshe Greenberg. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Keck, David (1998). Angels and Angelology in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kellner, Menachem (2006). Maimonides’ Confrontation with Mysticism. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.Google Scholar
Kilcrease, Jack (2022). An Intended Reformulation: Of Brad Gregory, Duns Scotus, and Early Modern Metaphysics. In Kellerman, James, Smith, Alden, and Springer, Carl P. E., eds., Athens and Wittenberg: Poetry, Philosophy, and Luther’s Legacy. Leiden: Brill, 210–33.Google Scholar
Klein, Elizabeth (2018). Augustine’s Theology of Angels. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knowles, Michael David OSB (1975). The Influence of Pseudo-Dionysius on Western Mysticism. In Brooks, Peter, ed., Christian Spirituality: Essays in Honour of Gordon Rupp. London: SCM Press, 7994.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno (1991). Nous n’avons jamais été modernes: Essai d’anthropologie symétrique. Paris: Éditions La Découverte & Syrons.Google Scholar
Lenz, Martin (2008). Why Can’t Angels Think Properly: Ockham against Chatton and Aquinas. In Iribarren, Isabel and Lenz, Martin, eds., Angels in Medieval Philosophical Inquiry: Their Function and Significance. Aldershot: Ashgate, 155–70.Google Scholar
Leo, Pope XIII (1879). Aeterni Patris: On the Restoration of Christian Philosophy. www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_04081879_aeterni-patris.html.Google Scholar
MacDonald, Nathan (2003). Deuteronomy and the Meaning of ‘Monotheism’. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.Google Scholar
MacIntyre, Alasdair (1990). Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry: Encyclopedia, Genealogy, and Tradition. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Maritain, Jacques (1944). The Dream of Descartes. New York: Philosophical Library.Google Scholar
Maritain, Jacques (1995). Augustinian Wisdom. In Distinguish to Unite: The Degrees of Knowledge, trans. Gerald B. Phelan and presented by Ralph McInerny Part 2. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 291309.Google Scholar
Marrone, Steven P. (2001). Aristotle, Augustine and the Identity of Philosophy in Late Thirteenth-Century Paris: The Case of Some Theologians. In Aertsen, Jan, Emery, Kent, and Speer, Andreas, eds., Nach der Verurteilung von 1277 / After the Condemnation of 1277: Philosophie und Theologie an der Universität von Paris im letzten Viertel des 13. Jahrhunderts. Studien und Texte / Philosophy and Theology at the University of Paris in the Last Quarter of the Thirteenth Century. Studies and Texts. Berlin: De Gruyter, 276–98.Google Scholar
Mayr-Harting, Henry (1998). Perceptions of Angels in History: An Inaugural Lecture delivered in the University of Oxford on 14 November 1997. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
McGilchrist, Iain (2010). The Master and His Emissary: The Divided Brain and the Making of the Western World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
McHale, Brian (2017). Angels, Ghosts, and Postsecular Visions. In Burn, Stephen J., ed., American Literature in Transition, 1990–2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milton, John (2000). Paradise Lost. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Murata, Sachiko (1987). The Angels. In Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, ed., Islamic Spirituality: Foundations. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 324–44.Google Scholar
Murdoch, John Emery (1991). Pierre Duhem and the History of Late Medieval Science and Philosophy in the Latin West. In Imbach, Ruedi and Maierù, Alfonso, eds., Gli Studi di filosofia medievale fra otto e novecento. Rome: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 253302.Google Scholar
Newman, John Henry (1870). An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent. New York: The Catholic Publication Society.Google Scholar
Newman, John Henry (1878). An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Newman, John Henry (1908). Sermon 29: The Powers of Nature. Parochial and Plain Sermons. London: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Olyan, Saul M. (1993). A Thousand Thousands Served Him: Exegesis and the Naming of Angels in Ancient Judaism. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr.Google Scholar
Orsi, Robert A. (2004). Between Heaven and Earth: The Religious Worlds People Make and the Scholars Who Study Them. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Orsi, Robert A. (2016). History and Presence. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Pannenberg, Wolfhart (1994). Systematic Theology, Vol. 2, trans. G. W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.Google Scholar
Pascal, Blaise (1960). Pensées. trans. John Warrington. London: J.M. Dent & Sons.Google Scholar
Pasulka, Diana W. (2019). American Cosmic: UFOs, Religion, Technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Peers, Glenn (2001). Subtle Bodies: Representing Angels in Byzantium. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Percival, Henry R. (tr.) (1960). Synod of Laodicea. In Percival, Henry R., ed., The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 123–60.Google Scholar
Perl, Eric D. (2007). Theophany: The Neoplatonic Philosophy of Dionysius the Areopagite. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perler, Dominik (2008). Thought Experiments: The Methodological Function of Angels in Late Medieval Epistemology. In Iribarren, Isabe and Lenz, Martin, eds., Angels in Medieval Philosophical Inquiry: Their Function and Significance. Aldershot: Ashgate, 143–54.Google Scholar
Philo, (1929). Philo. ed. and trans. by Francis Henry Colson and George Herbert Whitaker. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 2. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Pinker, Steven (2018). Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Plato, (2017). Apology. Euthyphro; Apology; Crito; Phaedo, ed. and trans. by Emlyn-Jones, Chris and Preddy, William. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 63147.Google Scholar
Pope, Alexander (2006). Essay on Man. Alexander Pope: The Major Works. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Potter, Dylan David (2017). Angelology: Recovering Higher-Order Beings as Emblems of Transcendence, Immanence, and Imagination. Cambridge: James Clarke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pseudo-Dionysius, the Areopagite (1965). The Celestial Hierarchies. In Mystical Theology and the Celestial Hierarchies, trans. and edited by the editors of The Shrine of Wisdom. Surrey: The Shrine of Wisdom, 1761.Google Scholar
Ramsey, William (1856). Spiritualism, a Satanic Delusion, and a Sign of the Times. Peacedale, RI: H.L. Hastings.Google Scholar
Reed, Annette Yoshiko (2020). Demons, Angels, and Writing in Ancient Judaism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rees, Valery (2013). From Gabriel to Lucifer: A Cultural History of Angels. London: I. B. Tauris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roques, René (1958). Introduction. In Heil, Gunter and de Gandillac, Maurice, eds., Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, La Hiérarchie Céleste. SC Vol. 58. Paris: Du Cerf, vxci.Google Scholar
Ross, George Macdonald (1985). Angels. Philosophy. 60.234, 495511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruickbie, Leo (2018). Angels in the Trenches: Spiritualism, Superstition and the Supernatural during the First World War. London: Robinson.Google Scholar
Sacks, Jonathan (2015). Not in God’s Name: Confronting Religious Violence. London: Hodder & Stoughton.Google Scholar
Schäfer, Peter (2018). Mirror of His Beauty: Feminine Images of God and the Bible to the Early Kabbalah. Princeton, TX: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schumacher, Lydia (2023). Angels. In Human Nature in Early Franciscan Thought: Philosophical Background and Theological Significance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 276–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scribano, Emanuela (2015). Angel. In Nolan, Lawrence, ed., The Cambridge Descartes Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serres, Michael (1995). Angels: A Modern Myth, trans. Francis Cowper. Paris: Flammarion.Google Scholar
Sheldrake, Rupert (2013). The Science Delusion: Freeing the Spirit of Enquiry. London: Hodder and Stoughton.Google Scholar
Smith, William Robertson. (1875). Angel. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. 9th edn. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: A. & C. Black, 2628.Google Scholar
Sommer, Benjamin D. (2009). The Bodies of God and the World of Ancient Israel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, Nicholas (2023). Magisteria: The Entangled Histories of Science and Religion. London: Oneworld, 7883.Google Scholar
Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Sufism in the Synthesis of al-Bājūrī. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Spevack, Aaron (2018). Egypt and the Later Ashʿarite School. In Schmidtke, Sabine, ed., The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 534–46.Google Scholar
Stanford, Peter (2019). Angels: A Visible and Invisible History. London: Hodder and Stoughton.Google Scholar
Stewart, Jon (2020). Feuerbach’s Conception of Theology or Philosophy of Religion as Anthropology. In Sajda, Peter, ed., Modern and Postmodern Crises of Symbolic Structures. Leiden: Brill, 7992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strauss, David Friedrich (1841). Die christliche Glaubenslehre in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung und im Kampfe mit der modernen Wissenschaft dargestellt, Vol. 2. Tubingen: Osiander.Google Scholar
Stroumsa, Guy G. (1983). Form(s) of God: Some Notes on Meuauron and Christ. Harvard Theological Review. 76.3, 269–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuckenbruck, Loren and North, Wendy (1995). Angel Veneration and Christology. WUNT 2/70. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.Google Scholar
Stuckenbruck, Loren and North, Wendy (2004). Early Jewish and Christian Monotheism. London: T&T Clark International.Google Scholar
Tavard, Georges (1968). Die Engel. Freiburg: Herder.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles (2007). A Secular Age. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University.Google Scholar
Thompson, Edward Palmer (1963). The Making of the English Working Class. London: V. Gollancz.Google Scholar
Traherne, Thomas (1908). Centuries of Meditations, edited by Dobell, Bertram. London: Bertram Dobell.Google Scholar
Trigg, Roger (2020). Monotheism and Religious Diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turmel, Joseph (1898). Histoire de l’angélologie des temps apostoliques à la fin du Ve siècle. Révue d’histoire et de littérature réligieuse. 3, 407–34.Google Scholar
Tuschling, Ruth M. M. (2007). Angels and Orthodoxy. Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Hart, Rob (1972). The Theology of Angels and Devils. Cork: Mercier.Google Scholar
Vedantam, Shankar and Mesler, Bill (2021). Useful Delusions: The Power and Paradox of the Self-Deceiving Brain. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Versnel, Henk S. (2011). Coping with the Gods: Wayward Readings in Greek Theology. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, Daniel Pickering (1975). Spiritual and Demonic Magic: From Ficino to Campanella. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Watt, William Montgomery. (1994). Islamic Creeds. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Michael (1999). Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer. Boston: Da Capo Press.Google Scholar
Whitman, Walt (1897). A Noiseless Patient Spider. Leaves of Grass. Boston: Small, Maynard.Google Scholar
Wiebe, Gregory D. (2021). Fallen Angels in the Theology of St Augustine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wigner, Eugene (1960). The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences. Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics. 13.1, 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, John (1836). Is the Sacrifice of Christ Held in Proper Estimation by the Society of Friends? In Quakerism Examined: In A Reply to the Letter of Samuel Tuke. London: T. Ward, 141250.Google Scholar
Wolff, Uwe (1991). Die Wiederkehr der Engel: Boten zwischen New Age, Dichtung und Theologie. Stuttgart: EZW.Google Scholar
Wolff, Uwe (2007). The Angels’ Comeback: A Retrospect at the Turn of the Millennium. In Reiterer, Friedrich V., Tobias, Nicklas, and Schöpflin, Karin, eds., Angels: The Concept of Celestial Beings: Origins, Development and Reception. Berlin: de Gruyter, 695714.Google Scholar
Wood, Donald (2013). An Extraordinarily Acute Embarrassment: The Doctrine of Angels in Barth’s Gottingen Dogmatics. Scottish Journal of Theology Ltd. 66.3, 319–37.Google Scholar
Wood, Ellen Meiksins (2012). Liberty and Property: A Social History of Western Political Thought from the Renaissance to Enlightenment. London: Verso Books.Google Scholar
Woolf, Virginia (1966). Mr Bennett and Mrs Brown. Collected Essays of Virginia Woolf, Vol. 1. London: The Hogarth Press, 319–37.Google Scholar
Woolf, Virginia (1977). The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Vol. 3, 19231928, ed. Nicolson, Nigel. London: Hogarth Press, 475–78.Google Scholar
Zwemer, Samuel M. (1937). The worship of Adam by Angels. Muslim World. 27, 115–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Angels and Monotheism
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Angels and Monotheism
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Angels and Monotheism
Available formats
×