Adam, Barry. 1987. The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement. Boston: Twayne Publishers.
Adam, Barry. 2003. “Relationship Innovation in Male Couples.” Paper presented at the American Sociological Association annual meeting, Atlanta, GA, August 2003.
Alexander, Jeffrey C., and Smith, Philip. 1993. “The Discourse of American Civil Society: A New Proposal for Cultural Studies.” Theory and Society 22: 151–207.
ALI: American Law Institute. 2002. Priniciples of the Law of Family Dissolution: Analysis and Recommendations. Newark (NJ): LexisNexis.
Amato, Paul R. 2004. “Tension between Institutional and Individual Views of Marriage.” Journal of Marriage and Family 66: 959–965.
Anderson, Elijah. 1999. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York: Norton.
Babst, Gordon A. 1997. “Community, Rights Talk, and the Communitarian Dissent in Bowers v. Hardwick.” Pp. 139–172 in Playing with Fire: Queer Politics, Queer Theories, edited by Phelan, Shane. New York and London: Routledge.
Ball, Carlos. 2003. The Morality of Gay Rights: An Exploration in Political Philosophy. New York and London: Routledge.
Bayles, Fred. 2004. “Vermont's Gay Civil Unions Mostly Affairs of the Heart.” USA Today, January 7.
Becker, Howard. 1966. “Notes on the Concept of Commitment.” American Journal of Sociology 66: 32–40.
Bellafante, Ginia. 2005. “Even in Gay Circles, the Women Want the Ring.” New York Times, May 8.
Berger, Peter L., and Hansfried Kellner. [1964] 1977. “Marriage and the Construction of Reality.” In Facing Up to Modernity: Excursions in Society, Politics, and Religion, by Berger, Peter L.. New York: Basic Books.
Bernstein, Mary. 1997. “Celebration and Suppression: The Strategic Uses of Identity by the Lesbian and Gay Movement.” American Journal of Sociology 103: 531–565.
Bernstein, Mary. 2001. “Gender, Queer Family Policies, and the Limits of Law.” In Queer Families, Queer Politics: Challenging Culture and the State, edited by Bernstein, Mary and Reimann, Renate. New York: Columbia University Press.
Bernstein, Mary. 2002. “Identities and Politics: Toward a Historical Understanding of the Lesbian and Gay Movement.” Social Science History 26: 531–581.
Blankenhorn, David. 1995. Fatherless America. New York: Basic Books.
Blumstein, Philip, and Schwartz, Pepper. 1983. American Couples: Money, Work, Sex. New York: William Morrow and Company.
Bourassa, Kevin, and Varnell, Joe. 2002. Just Married: Gay Marriage and the Expansion of Human Rights. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1987. “The Force of Law: Toward a Sociology of the Juridical Field.” Hastings Law Journal 38: 805–853.
Bowman, Karlyn, and O'Keefe, Bryan, comps. 2004. Attitudes About Homosexuality and Gay Marriage. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
Brady, Lois Smith. 2003. “For Gay Couples, New Rituals at the Altar.” New York Times, November 23, National Edition, Sec. 9.
Brekhus, Wayne. 2003. Peacocks, Chameleons, Centaurs: Gay Suburbia and the Grammar of Social Identity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Broder, John M. 2004. “Groups Debate Slower Strategy on Gay Rights.” New York Times, December 9.
Buell, Emmett H. Jr. 1975. “Eccentrics or Gladiators? People Who Write About Politics in Letters to the Editor.” Social Science Quarterly 56: 440–449.
Bumiller, Kristin. 1988. The Civil Rights Society. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Bumpass, Larry, and Lu, Hsien-Hen. 2000. “Trends in Cohabitation and Implications for Children's Family Contexts in the United States.” Population Studies 54: 29–41.
Calhoun, Craig. 1993. “‘New Social Movements’ of the Early Nineteenth Century.” Social Science History 17: 385–427.
Card, Claudia. 1996. “Against Marriage and Motherhood.” Hypatia 11: 1–23.
Carrington, Christopher. 1999. No Place Like Home: Relationships and Family Life Among Lesbians and Gay Men. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Chambers, David L. 1996. “What If? The Legal Consequences of Marriage and the Legal Needs of Lesbian and Gay Male Couples.” Michigan Law Review 95: 447–491.
Chasin, Alexandra. 2000. Selling Out: The Gay and Lesbian Movement Goes to Market. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Chauncey, George. 1994. Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1980–1940. New York: Basic Books.
Chauncey, George. 2004. Why Marriage? The History Shaping Today's Debate Over Gay Equality. New York: Basic Books.
Cherlin, Andrew. 1992. Marriage, Divorce, Remarriage: Revised and Enlarged Edition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Cherlin, Andrew. 2004. “The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage.” Journal of Marriage and Family 66: 848–861.
Christiansen, Jean, and William Kresnak. 1998. “Mormons Give Big to Fight Same-Sex.” Honolulu Advertiser, October 24.
CMFCE, IAV and RCFP: Coalition for Marriage, Family and Couples Education (CMFCE), Institute for American Values (IAV), and Religion, Culture, and Family Project (RCFP), University of Chicago Divinity School. 2000. The Marriage Movement: a Statement of Principles. New York: Institute for American Values.
Cohen, Philip N., and Bianchi, Suzanne M.. 1999. “Marriage, Children, and Women's Employment: What Do We Know?” Monthly Labor Review 122: 22–31.
Comaroff, Jean, and Comaroff, John. 1991. Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa. Volume I. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. 2003. Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recognition to Unions Between Homosexual Persons. July 31. Available at <http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/doc_doc_index.htm>>.
Coontz, Stephanie. 1992. The Way We Never Were: American Families and the Nostalgia Trap. New York: Basic Books.
Coontz, Stephanie. 2005. Marriage, a History: From Obedience to Intimacy or How Love Conqueres Marriage. New York: Viking.
Cott, Nancy F. 2000. Public Vows: The History of Marriage and the Nation. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Coulmont, Baptiste. 2004. “Devant Dieu et face au droit? Le mariage religieux des homosexuels aux Etats-Unis.” [“Under God and Before the Law? Religious Same-Sex Marriage in the US.”] Critique Internationale 25: 43–52.
Crawley, Sara L. 2001. “Are Butch and Fem Working-Class and Antifeminist?” Gender and Society 15: 175–196.
D'Emilio, John. 1983. Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States 1940–1970. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
DaVanzo, Julie, and Rahman, M. Omar. 1993. “American Families: Trends and Correlates.” Population Index 59: 350–386.
Dershowitz, Alan. 2003. “To Fix Gay Dilemma, Government Should Quit the Marriage Business.” Los Angeles Times, December 3.
Durkheim, Emile. [1912] 1995. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Translated by Karen E. Fields. New York: Free Press.
Elizabeth, Vivienne. 2000. “Cohabitation, Marriage, and the Unruly Consequences of Difference.” Gender and Society 14: 87–110.
Engel, David M. 1984. “The Oven Bird's Song: Insiders, Outsiders, and Personal Injuries in an American Community.” Law and Society Review 18: 551–582.
Engel, David M., and Munger, Frank W.. 2003. Rights of Inclusion: Law and Identity in the Life Stories of Americans with Disabilities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Epstein, Steven. 1987. “Gay Politics, Ethnic Identity: The Limits of Social Constructionism.” Socialist Review 93/94: 9–54.
Ertman, Martha. 2001. “Marriage as a Trade: Bridging the Private/Private Distinction.” Harvard Civil Rights – Civil Liberties Law Review 36: 79–132.
Eskridge, William. 1993. “A History of Same-Sex Marriage.” Virginia Law Review 79: 1419–1513.
Eskridge, William. 1996. The Case for Same-Sex Marriage: From Sexual Liberty to Civilized Commitment. New York: The Free Press.
Eskridge, William. 2002. Equality Practice: Civil Unions and the Future of Gay Rights. New York and London: Routledge.
Ettelbrick, Paula L. 1992. “Since When Is Marriage a Path to Liberation?” In Lesbian and Gay Marriage: Private Commitments, Public Ceremonies, edited by Sherman, Suzanne. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Reprinted from OUT/LOOK National Gay and Lesbian Quarterly 6 (Fall 1989).
Ettelbrick, Paula L.. 1996. “Wedlock Alert: A Comment on Lesbian and Gay Family Recognition.” Journal of Law and Policy 5: 107–166.
Ettelbrick, Paula L.. 2001. “Domestic Partnership, Civil Unions, or Marriage: One Size Does Not Fit All.” Albany Law Review 64: 905–914.
Ettelbrick, Paula, and Shapiro, Julie. 2004. “Are We on the Path to Liberation Now? Same-Sex Marriage at Home and Abroad.” Seattle Journal for Social Justice 2: 475–493.
Ewick, Patricia, and Silbey, Susan S.. 1992. “Conformity, Contestation, and Resistance: An Account of Legal Consciousness.” New England Law Review 26: 731–749.
Ewick, Patricia, and Silbey, Susan S.. 1998. The Common Place of Law: Stories from Everyday Life. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Ewick, Patricia, and Silbey, Susan S.. 2003. “Narrating Social Structure: Stories of Resistance to Legal Authority.” American Journal of Sociology 108: 1328–1372.
Faderman, Lillian. 1991. Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America. New York: Columbia University Press.
Feeley, Malcolm. 1979. The Process is the Punishment: Handling Cases in a Lower Criminal Court. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Feldblum, Chai. 1998. “A Progressive Moral Case for Same-Sex Marriage.” Temple Political and Civil Rights Law Review 7: 485–493.
Fineman, Martha Albertson. 1995. The Neutered Mother, the Sexual Family and Other Twentieth Century Tragedies. New York and London: Routledge.
Fineman, Martha Albertson. 2004. The Autonomy Myth: A Theory of Dependency. New York and London: The New Press.
Folbre, Nancy. 2001. The Invisible Heart: Economics and Family Values. New York: New Press.
Fraser, Nancy. 1997. Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the “Postsocialist” Condition. New York and London: Routledge.
Gamble, Barbara S. 1997. “Putting Civil Rights to a Popular Vote.” American Journal of Political Science 41: 245–269.
Gamson, Joshua. 1995. “Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma.” Social Problems 42: 390–407.
Gamson, Joshua. 1998. Freaks Talk Back: Tabloid Talk Shows and Sexual Nonconformity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books.
Geertz, Clifford. 1983. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
Gerstmann, Evan. 2004. Same-Sex Marriage and the Constitution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gibson, Christina, Kathryn Edin and Sara McLanahan. 2003. “High Hopes But Even Higher Expectations: The Retreat From Marriage Among Low-Income Couples.” Center for Research on Child Wellbeing Working Paper #03-06-FF. Princeton: Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, Princeton University.
Giddens, Anthony. 1992. The Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love, and Eroticism in Modern Societies. Stanford (CA): Stanford University Press.
Gitlin, Todd. 1995. The Twilight of Common Dreams: Why America is Wracked by Culture Wars. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Gluckman, Amy, and Betsy Reed. 1997. “The Gay Marketing Moment.” Pp. 3–9 in Homo Economics: Capitalism, Community, and Lesbian and Gay Life, edited by Gluckman, Amy and Reed, Betsy. New York and London: Routledge.
Goldberg-Hiller, Jonathan. 1999. “The Status of Status: Domestic Partnership and the Politics of Same-Sex Marriage.” Studies in Law, Politics, and Society 19: 3–38.
Goldberg-Hiller, Jonathan. 2002. Limits to Union: Same-Sex Marriage and the Politics of Civil Rights. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Goldman, Emma. 1910. “Marriage and Love.” In Anarchism and Other Essays. New York: Mother Earth Publishing Association.
Gonsiorek, John C., and James R. Rudolph. 1991. “Homosexual Identity: Coming Out and Other Developmental Events.” In Homosexuality: Research Implications for Public Policy, edited by Gonsiorek, John C. and Weinrich, James D.. Newbury Park (CA): Sage Publications.
Graff, E. J. 1996. “Something Old … Something New.” Ms. 6 (May): 92–94.
Greenberger, Scott S., and Bill Dedman. 2004. “Survey Finds Women in Majority.” Boston Globe, May 18.
Grey, David L., and Brown, Trevor R.. 1970. “Letters to the Editor: Hazy Reflections of Public Opinion.” Journalism Quarterly 47: 450–456, 471.
Grimes, Ronald L. 2000. Deeply into the Bone: Re-Inventing Rites of Passage. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Griswold, Wendy. 1987. “A Methodological Framework for the Sociology of Culture.” Sociological Methodology 17: 1–35.
Grossman, Cathy Lynn, and In-Sung Yoo. 2003. “Civil Marriage on Rise Across USA.” USA Today, October 7.
Harding, Sandra. 1996. “Standpoint Epistemology (a Feminist Version): How Social Disadvantage Creates Epistemic Advantage.” In Social Theory and Sociology: The Classics and Beyond, edited by Turner, Stephen P.. Cambridge (MA): Blackwell.
Herbst, Susan. 1993. Numbered Voices: How Opinion Polling Has Shaped American Politics. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Herek, Gregory M. 1990. “The Context of Anti-Gay Violence: Notes on Cultural and Psychological Heterosexism.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 5: 316–333.
Herek, Gregory M.. 1995. “Psychological Heterosexism in the United States.” In Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identities Over the Lifespan: Psychological Perspectives, edited by D'Augelli, Anthony R. and Patterson, Charlotte J.. New York: Oxford University Press.
Herman, Didi. 1997. The Antigay Agenda: Orthodox Vision and the Christian Right. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hill, David B. 1981. “Letter Opinion on the ERA: A Test of the Newspaper Bias Hypothesis.” Public Opinion Quarterly 45: 384–392.
Hochschild, Arlie Russell. 1997. The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Hollander, Jocelyn A., and Einwohner, Rachel L.. 2004. “Conceptualizing Resistance.” Sociological Forum 19: 533–554.
Honig, Bonnie. 1993. Political Theory and the Displacement of Politics. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
HRC: Human Rights Campaign. n.d. Answers to Questions About Marriage Equality. Washington, DC: Human Rights Campaign.
HRCF: Human Rights Campaign Foundation. 2004. The State of the Workplace 2003. Washington, DC: Human Rights Campaign Foundation.
HRCF: Human Rights Campaign Foundation. 2005. The State of the Workplace 2004. Washington, DC: Human Rights Campaign Foundation.
Hull, Kathleen E. 2001. “The Political Limits of the Rights Frame: The Case of Same-Sex Marriage in Hawaii.” Sociological Perspectives 44: 207–232.
Hull, Kathleen E.. 2003. “The Cultural Power of Law and the Cultural Enactment of Legality: The Case of Same-Sex Marriage.” Law and Social Inquiry 28: 629–657.
Hull, Kathleen E.. 2005. “Employment Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation: Dimensions of Difference.” In Handbook on Employment Discrimination Research: Rights and Realities, edited by Nelson, Robert L. and Nielsen, Laura Beth. Dordrecht (the Netherlands): Springer.
Hunter, Nan D. 1991. “Marriage, Law, and Gender: A Feminist Inquiry.” Law and Sexuality 1: 9–30.
Illouz, Eva. 1997. Consuming the Romantic Utopia: Love and the Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ingraham, Chrys. 1999. White Weddings: Romancing Heterosexuality in Popular Culture. New York and London: Routledge.
Jakobsen, Janet R., and Pellgrini, Ann. 2003. Love the Sin: Sexual Regulation and the Limits of Religious Tolerance. New York and London: New York University Press.
Johnston, Hank, and Klandermans, Bert, eds. 1995. Social Movements and Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Kauffman, L. A. 1990. “The Anti-Politics of Identity.” Socialist Review 20: 67–80.
Kennedy, Elizabeth Lapovsky, and Davis, Madeline D.. 1993. Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community. New York: Penguin Books.
Kiernan, Kathleen. 2002. “Cohabitation in Western Europe: Trends, Issues, and Implications.” In Just Living Together: Implications of Cohabitation on Families, Children, and Social Policy, edited by Booth, Alan and Crouter, Ann C.. Mahwah (NJ): L. Erlbaum Associates.
Kurdek, Lawrence A. 1988. “Relationship Quality of Gay and Lesbian Cohabiting Couples.” Journal of Homosexuality 15: 93–118.
Kurdek, Lawrence A.. 1991. “Sexuality in Homosexual and Heterosexual Couples.” In Sexuality in Close Relationships, edited by McKinney, Kathleen and Sprecher, Susan. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lahey, Kathleen A., and Alderson, Kevin. 2004. Same-Sex Marriage: The Personal and the Political. Toronto: Insomniac Press.
Laumann, Edward O., Gagnon, John H., Michael, Robert T. and Michaels, Stuart. 1994. The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
LCC: Law Commission of Canada. 2001. Beyond Conjugality: Recognizing and Supporting Close Personal Adult Relationships. [Ottawa]: Law Commission of Canada.
Bourdais, Céline, and Lapierre-Adamcyk, Evelyne. 2004. “Changes in Conjugal Life in Canada: Is Cohabitation Progressively Replacing Marriage?” Journal of Marriage and Family 66: 929–942.
Leff, Lisa. 2004. “San Francisco's Gay Newlyweds Came From 46 States and Included 57 Percent Women.” Associated Press, March 18.
Levin, Daniel. 1997. “The Constitution as Rhetorical Symbol in Western Anti-Gay Rights Initiatives: The Case of Idaho.” Pp. 33–49 in Anti-Gay Rights: Assessing Voter Initiatives, edited by Witt, Stephanie L. and McCorkle, Suzanne. Westport (CT) and London: Praeger.
Lewin, Ellen. 1998. Recognizing Ourselves: Ceremonies of Lesbian and Gay Commitment. New York: Columbia University Press.
Loftus, Jeni. 2001. “America's Liberalization in Attitudes Toward Homosexuality, 1973 to 1998.” American Sociological Review 66: 762–782.
Los Angeles Times. 2004. Editorial, July 14.
Manning, Wendy D., and Smock, Pamela J.. 2002. “First Comes Cohabitation, and Then Comes Marriage? A Research Note.” Journal of Family Issues 23: 1065–1087.
Marshall, Anna-Maria, and Barclay, Scott. 2003. “In Their Own Words: How Ordinary People Construct the Legal World.” Law and Social Inquiry 28: 617–628.
McAdam, Doug. 1988. “Gender Implications of the Traditional Academic Conception of the Political.” In Changing Our Minds: Feminist Transformations of Knowledge, edited by Aiken, Susan Hardy, Anderson, Karen, Dinnerstein, Myra, Lensick, Judy Nolte and MacCorquodale, Patricia. Albany: SUNY Press.
McCann, Michael W. 1994. Rights at Work: Pay Equity Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
McCorkle, Suzanne, and Marshall G. Most. 1997. “Fear and Loathing on the Editorial Page: An Analysis of Idaho's Anti-Gay Initiative.” Pp. 63–76 in Anti-Gay Rights: Assessing Voter Initiatives, edited by Witt, Stephanie L. and McCorkle, Suzanne. Westport (CT) and London: Praeger.
McIntosh, Mary. 1968. “The Homosexual Role.” Social Problems 16: 182–192.
McWhirter, David P., and Mattison, Andrew M.. 1984. The Male Couple: How Relationships Develop. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall.
Mehren, Elizabeth. 2004. “Acceptance of Gays Rises Among New Generation.” Los Angeles Times, April 11.
Merin, Yuval. 2002. Equality for Same-Sex Couples: The Legal Recognition of Gay Partnerships in Europe and the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Merry, Sally Engle. 1990. Getting Justice and Getting Even: Legal Consciousness Among Working-Class Americans. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Merry, Sally Engle. 1995. “Resistance and the Cultural Power of Law.” Law and Society Review 29: 11–26.
Meyer, Madonna Harrington. 2000. Carework: Gender, Labor and the Welfare State. New York: Routledge.
Mies, Maria. 1983. “Towards a Methodology for Feminist Research.” In Theories of Women's Studies, edited by Bowles, Gloria and Klein, Renate D.. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Moats, David. 2004. Civil Wars: A Battle for Gay Marriage. Orlando: Harcourt.
Mohr, Richard D. 1994. A More Perfect Union: Why Straight America Must Stand Up for Gay Rights. Boston: Beacon Press.
Moon, Dawne. 2004. God, Sex and Politics: Homosexuality and Everyday Theologies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Morris, Robert J. 1996. “Configuring the Bo(u)nds of Marriage: The Implications of Hawaiian Culture & Values for the Debate About Homogamy.” Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 8: 105–159.
Nielsen, Laura Beth. 2000. “Situating Legal Consciousness: Experiences and Attitudes of Ordinary Citizens About Law and Street Harassment.” Law and Society Review 34: 1055–1090.
Nielsen, Laura Beth. 2004. License to Harass: Law, Hierarchy, and Offensive Public Speech. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ortner, Sherry. 1984. “Theory in Anthropology Since the Sixties.” Comparative Studies in History and Society 26: 126–166.
Otnes, Cele C., and Pleck, Elizabeth H.. 2003. Cinderella Dreams: The Allure of the Lavish Wedding. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Pascoe, Peggy. 2000. “Sex, Gender, and Same-Sex Marriage.” In Is Academic Feminism Dead?, edited by The Social Justice Group at the Center for Advanced Feminist Studies, University of Minnesota. New York and London: New York University Press.
Patterson, Davis G., Teresa Ciabattari and Pepper Schwartz. 1999. “The Constraints of Innovation: Commitment and Stability Among Same-Sex Couples.” In Handbook of Interpersonal Commitment and Relationship Stability, edited by Adams, Jeffrey M. and Warren, H Jones. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Peplau, Letitia, and Susan Cochran. 1988. “Value Orientations in the Intimate Relationships of Gay Men.” In Gay Relationships, edited by DeCecco, John. New York: Haworth Press.
Peplau, Letitia, Susan Cochran and Vickie Mays. 1997. “A National Survey of the Intimate Relationships of African-American Lesbians and Gay Men.” In Ethnic and Cultural Diversity Among Lesbians and Gay Men, edited by Greene, Beverly. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage.
Phelan, Shane. 2001. Sexual Strangers: Gays, Lesbians, and Dilemmas of Citizenship. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Polikoff, Nancy D. 1993. “We Will Get What We Ask For: Why Legalizing Gay and Lesbian Marriage Will Not ‘Dismantle the Legal Structure of Gender in Every Marriage.’” Virginia Law Review 79: 1535–1550.
Popenoe, David. 1996. Life Without Father. New York: Free Press.
Rauch, Jonathan. 1996. “For Better or Worse?” The New Republic, May 6, 18–19.
Rauch, Jonathan. 2004. Gay Marriage: Why It Is Good for Gays, Good for Straights, and Good for America. New York: Times Books.
Rimmerman, Craig A. 2002. From Identity to Politics: The Lesbian and Gay Movements in the United States. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Rochon, Thomas R. 1998. Culture Moves: Ideas, Activism, and Changing Values. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Rosenberg, Gerald N. 1991. The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change?Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rothenbuhler, Eric W. 1998. Ritual Communication: From Everyday Conversation to Mediated Ceremony. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications.
Rubenstein, William B. 1997. “Divided We Litigate: Addressing Disputes Among Group Members and Lawyers in Civil Rights Campaigns.” Yale Law Journal 106: 1623–1681.
Rupp, Leila J., and Taylor, Verta. 2003. Drag Queens at the 801 Cabaret. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
“Same-Sex Issue Cost $3.1 Million.” 1999. Honolulu Star-Bulletin, April 24.
Sarat, Austin. 1990. “ ‘ … The Law Is All Over’: Power, Resistance, and the Legal Consciousness of the Welfare Poor.” Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 2: 343–379.
Sarat, Austin, and Felstiner, William L. F.. 1989. “Lawyers and Legal Consciousness: Law Talk in the Divorce Lawyer's Office.” The Yale Law Journal 98: 1663–1688.
Sarat, Austin, and Kearns, Thomas, eds. 1993. Law in Everyday Life. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Sarat, Austin, and Simon, Jonathan, eds. 2003. Cultural Analysis, Cultural Studies, and the Law: Moving Beyond Legal Realism. Durham (NC): Duke University Press.
Sassler, Sharon. 2004. “The Process of Entering into Cohabiting Unions.” Journal of Marriage and Family 66: 491–505.
Schacter, Jane S. 1994. “The Gay Civil Rights Debate in the States: Decoding the Discourse of Equivalents.” Harvard Civil Rights–Civil Liberties Law Review 29: 283–317.
Scheingold, Stuart A. 1974. The Politics of Rights: Lawyers, Public Policy, and Political Change. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Schneider, David. 1976. “Notes Toward a Theory of Culture.” Pp. 197–220 in Meaning in Anthropology, edited by Basso, Keith H. and Selby, Henry A.. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Scott, James. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Seidman, Steven. 2002. Beyond the Closet: The Transformation of Gay and Lesbian Life. New York: Routledge.
Sewell, William H. Jr. 1992. “A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation.” American Journal of Sociology 98: 1–29.
Sewell, William H. Jr. 1999. “The Concept(s) of Culture.” In Beyond the Cultural Turn: New Directions in the Study of Society and Culture, edited by Bonnell, Victoria E. and Hunt, Lynn. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Shanley, Mary Lyndon. 2004. “Just Marriage: On the Public Importance of Private Unions.” In Just Marriage, edited by Shanley, Mary Lyndon. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Sherrill, Kenneth. n.d. Same-Sex Marriage, Civil Unions, and the 2004 Presidential Election. New York: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute.
Sigelman, Lee, and Walkosz, Barbara J.. 1992. “Letters to the Editor as a Public Opinion Thermometer: The Martin Luther King Holiday Vote in Arizona.” Social Science Quarterly 73: 938–946.
Silvestrini, Elaine. 2005. “Rights Groups Say Courts Too ‘Hostile.’” Tampa Tribune, January 26.
Simmons, Tavia, and Martin O'Connell. 2003. Married-Couple and Unmarried-Partner Households: 2000. Census 2000 Special Reports. CENSR-5. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau.
Skolnick, Arlene S. 1991. Embattled Paradise: The American Family in an Age of Uncertainty. New York: Basic Books.
Smock, Pamela J. 2000. “Cohabitation in the United States: An Appraisal of Research Themes, Findings, and Implications.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 1–20.
Solomon, Alisa. 2004. “State to Church: I Want a Divorce.” Village Voice, March 3–9.
Solomon, Sondra E., Rothblum, Esther D. and Balsam, Kimberly F.. 2004. “Pioneers in Partnership: Lesbian and Gay Male Couples in Civil Unions Compared with Those Not in Civil Unions, and Married Heterosexual Siblings.” Journal of Family Psychology 18: 275–286.
Stacey, Judith. 1996. In the Name of the Family: Rethinking Family Values in the Postmodern Age. Boston: Beacon Press.
Stacey, Judith. 2004. Untitled contribution to “Can Marriage Be Saved? A Forum.” The Nation, July 5, 25.
Stiers, Gretchen A. 1999. From This Day Forward: Commitment, Marriage, and Family in Lesbian and Gay Relationships. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Stoddard, Thomas B. 1992. “Why Gay People Should Seek the Right to Marry.” In Lesbian and Gay Marriage: Private Commitments, Public Ceremonies, edited by Sherman, Suzanne. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Reprinted from OUT/LOOK National Gay and Lesbian Quarterly 6 (Fall 1989).
Strasser, Mark. 1997. Legally Wed: Same-Sex Marriage and the Constitution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Sullivan, Andrew. 1996. Virtually Normal: An Argument About Homosexuality. New York: Vintage Books.
Sunstein, Cass R. 1987. “On the Expressive Function of Law.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 144: 2,021–2,053.
Swartz, Teresa Toguchi. 2004. “Mothering for the State: Foster Parenting and the Challenges of Government-Contracted Carework.” Gender and Society 18: 567–587.
Swidler, Ann. 1986. “Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies.” American Sociological Review 51: 273–286.
Swidler, Ann. 2001. Talk of Love: How Culture Matters. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Taylor, Verta, Leila J. Rupp and Joshua Gamson. 2004. “Performing Protest: Drag Shows as Tactical Repertoire of the Gay and Lesbian Movement.” In Authority in Contention (Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, volume XXV), edited by Myers, Daniel J. and Cress, Daniel M.. Amsterdam and Oxford: Elsevier JAI.
Taylor, Verta, and Nella Van Dyke. 2004. “ ‘Get Up, Stand Up’: Tactical Repertoires of Social Movements.” In The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by Snow, David A., Soule, Sarah A. and Kriesi, Hanspeter. Malden (MA): Blackwell.
Taylor, Verta, and Nancy E. Whittier. 1992. “Collective Identity in Social Movement Communities: Lesbian Feminist Mobilization.” Pp. 104–129 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by Morris, Aldon D. and Mueller, Carol McClurg. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Troiden, Richard. 1998. “A Model of Homosexual Identity Formation.” In Social Perspectives in Lesbian and Gay Studies: A Reader, edited by Nardi, Peter M. and Schneider, Beth E.. London and New York: Routledge. Originally published in Gay and Lesbian Identity: A Sociological Analysis. New York: General Hall, 1988.
Trubek, David M. 1984. “Where the Action Is: Critical Legal Studies and Empiricism.” Stanford Law Review 36: 575–622.
US Census Bureau. 2001. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2002. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau.
US Public Law 104–193. 104th Congress, August 22, 1996. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996.
Vaid, Urvashi. 1995. Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Gay and Lesbian Liberation. New York: Anchor Books.
Volgy, Thomas J., Krigbaum, Margaret, Langan, Mary Kay and Moshier, Vicky. 1977. “Some of My Best Friends Are Letter Writers: Eccentrics and Gladiators Revisited.” Social Science Quarterly 58: 321–327.
“Voters Strongly Oppose Gay Unions.” 1997. Honolulu Star-Bulletin, February 24.
Waite, Linda J., and Gallagher, Maggie. 2000. The Case for Marriage: Why Married People Are Happier, Healthier, and Better Off Financially. New York: Doubleday.
Walters, Suzanna Danuta. 2001a. All the Rage: The Story of Gay Visibility in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Walters, Suzanna Danuta. 2001b. “Take My Domestic Partner, Please: Gays and Marriage in the Era of the Visible.” In Queer Families, Queer Politics: Challenging Culture and the State, edited by Bernstein, Mary and Reimann, Renate. New York: Columbia University Press.
Warner, Michael. 1999. The Trouble with Normal: Sex, Politics, and the Ethics of Queer Life. New York: The Free Press.
Webb, Eugene J., Campbell, Donald T., Schwartz, Richard D. and Sechrest, Lee. 1966. Unobtrusive Measures: Non-Reactive Research in the Social Sciences. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Weeks, Jeffrey, Heaphy, Brian and Donovan, Catherine. 2001. Same-Sex Intimacies: Families of Choice and Other Life Experiments. London: Routledge.
Werum, Regina, and Winders, Bill. 2001. “Who's ‘In’ and Who's ‘Out’: State Fragmentation and the Struggle over Gay Rights, 1974–1999.” Social Problems 48: 386–410.
White, Julie A., and Tronto, Joan C. 2004. “Political Practices of Care: Needs and Rights.” Ratio Juris 17: 425–453.
Whyte, Martin King. 1990. Dating, Mating, and Marriage. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Willetts, Marion C. 2003. “An Exploratory Investigation of Heterosexual Licensed Domestic Partners.” Journal of Marriage and Family 65: 939–952.
Wilson, James Q. 2002. The Marriage Problem: How Our Culture Has Weakened Families. New York: Harper Collins.
Witt, Stephanie L., and McCorkle, Suzanne. 1997. Anti-Gay Rights: Assessing Voter Initiatives. Westport (CT) and London: Praeger.
Wittman, Carl. 1972. “Refugees from Amerika: A Gay Manifesto.” In The Homosexual Dialectic, edited by McCaffrey, Joseph A.. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall.
Wolfson, Evan. 1994. “Crossing the Threshold: Equal Marriage Rights for Lesbians and Gay Men and the Intra-Community Critique.” New York University Review of Law and Social Change 21: 567–615.
Wolfson, Evan. 2004. Why Marriage Matters: America, Equality, and Gay People's Right to Marry. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Yngvesson, Barabara. 1988. “Making Law at the Doorway: The Clerk, the Court, and the Construction of Community in a New England Town.” Law and Society Review 22: 409–448.
Yuen, Mike. 1998. “Same-Sex Marriage Losing Big.” Honolulu Star-Bulletin, August 14.
