Inpatient aggression in community hospitals

Chapter 6 - Inpatient aggression in community hospitals

from Section 2 - Assessment

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 October 2021

Katalin A. Szabo ,

Christopher L. White ,

Stephen E. Cummings ,

Raziya S. Wang and

Cameron D. Quanbeck

Edited by

Katherine D. Warburton and

Stephen M. Stahl

Show author details

Katherine D. Warburton: Affiliation:
University of California, Davis
Stephen M. Stahl: Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego

Book contents

Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Type: Chapter
Information: Violence in Psychiatry , pp. 39 - 48

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316135839 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Subscription

Individual access

Subscriptions are only available for individuals and not institutional access. Subscribe now

References

Carr, VJ, Lewin, TJ, Sly, KA, et al. Adverse incidents in acute psychiatric inpatient units: rates, correlates and pressures. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 2008; 42(4): 267–282.Google Scholar

Dack, C, Ross, J, Papadopoulos, C, Stewart, D, Bowers, L. A review and meta-analysis of the patient factors associated with psychiatric inpatient aggression. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2013; 127(4): 255–268.Google Scholar

Davis, S. Violence by psychiatric inpatients: a review. Hosp. Community Psychiatry 1991; 42(6): 585–590.Google Scholar

Irwin, A. The nurse’s role in the management of aggression. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2006; 13(3): 309–318.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Bowers, L, Stewart, D, Papadopoulos, C, et al. Inpatient Violence and Aggression: A Literature Review. Report from the Conflict and Containment Reduction Research Programme. London: Section of Mental Health Nursing, Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London; 2011.Google Scholar

Khoshknab, MF, Tamizi, Z, Ghazanfari, N, Mehrabani, G. Prevalence of workplace violence in psychiatric wards, Tehran, Iran. Pak .J. Biol. Sci. 2012; 15(14): 680–684.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kay, SR, Wolkenfeld, F, Murrill, LM. Profiles of aggression among psychiatric patients. I. Nature and prevalence. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1988; 176(9): 539–546.Google Scholar

Benjaminsen, SE, Kjaerbo, T. [The staff’s experience of patient violence in a psychiatric department.] Ugeskr. Laeger 1997; 159(12): 1768–1773.Google Scholar PubMed

Foster, C, Bowers, L, Nijman, H. Aggressive behaviour on acute psychiatric wards: prevalence, severity and management. J. Adv. Nurs. 2007; 58(2): 140–149.Google Scholar

Flannery, RB Jr, Anderson, E, Marks, L, Uzoma, LL. The Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP) and declines in rates of assault: mixed replicated findings. Psychiatr. Q. 2000; 71(2): 165–175.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Johnson, ME. Violence on inpatient psychiatric units: state of the science. J. Am. Psychiatr. Nurses Assoc. 2004; 10(3): 113–121.Google Scholar

McNiel, DE, Binder, RL. The relationship between acute psychiatric symptoms, diagnosis, and short-term risk of violence. Hosp. Community Psychiatry 1994; 45(2): 133–137.Google Scholar PubMed

McNiel, DE, Binder, RL, Greenfield, TK. Predictors of violence in civilly committed acute psychiatric patients. Am. J. Psychiatry 1988; 145(8): 965–970.Google Scholar

Woods, P, Almvik, R. The Brøset violence checklist (BVC). Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. 2002; 412: 103–105.Google Scholar

Woods, P, Ashley, C. Violence and aggression: a literature review. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2007; 14(7): 652–660.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Abderhalden, C, Needham, I, Miserez, B, et al. Predicting inpatient violence in acute psychiatric wards using the Broset-Violence-Checklist: a multicentre prospective cohort study. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2004; 11(4): 422–427.Google Scholar

Quanbeck, CD, McDermott, BE, Lam, J, et al. Categorization of aggressive acts committed by chronically assaultive state hospital patients. Psychiatr. Serv. 2007; 58(4): 521–528.Google Scholar

Powell, G, Caan, W, Crowe, M. What events precede violent incidents in psychiatric hospitals? Br. J. Psychiatry 1994; 165(1): 107–112.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Crowner, ML, Peric, G, Stepcic, F, Lee, S. Assailant and victim behaviors immediately preceding inpatient assault. Psychiatr. Q. 2005; 76(3): 243–256.Google Scholar

Sheridan, M, Henrion, R, Robinson, L, Baxter, V. Precipitants of violence in a psychiatric inpatient setting. Hosp .Community Psychiatry 1990; 41(7): 776–780.Google Scholar

Ketelsen, R, Zechert, C, Driessen, M, Schulz, M. Characteristics of aggression in a German psychiatric hospital and predictors of patients at risk. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2007; 14(1): 92–99.CrossRef Google Scholar

McNiel, DE, Gregory, AL, Lam, JN, Binder, RL, Sullivan, GR. Utility of decision support tools for assessing acute risk of violence. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2003; 71(5): 945–953.Google Scholar

Harris, GT, Rice, ME. Risk appraisal and management of violent behavior. Psychiatr. Serv. 1997; 48(9): 1168–1176.Google Scholar PubMed

Steinert, T. Prediction of inpatient violence. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. 2002; 412: 133–141.Google Scholar

Cornaggia, CM, Beghi, M, Pavone, F, Barale, F. Aggression in psychiatry wards: a systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2011; 189(1): 10–20.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Serper, MR, Goldberg, BR, Herman, KG, et al. Predictors of aggression on the psychiatric inpatient service. Compr. Psychiatry 2005; 46(2): 121–127.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Fountoulakis, KN, Leucht, S, Kaprinis, GS. Personality disorders and violence. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 2008; 21(1): 84–92.Google Scholar

McKinlay, WW, Brooks, DN, Bond, MR, Martinage, DP, Marshall, MM. The short-term outcome of severe blunt head injury as reported by relatives of the injured persons. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1981; 44(6): 527–533.Google Scholar

Hare, RD. Psychopathy as a risk factor for violence. Psychiatr. Q. 1999; 70(3): 181–197.Google Scholar

Kanerva, A, Lammintakanen, J, Kivinen, T. Patient safety in psychiatric inpatient care: a literature review. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2013; 20(6): 541–548.Google Scholar

Pulsford, D, Crumpton, A, Baker, A, et al. Aggression in a high secure hospital: staff and patient attitudes. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2013; 20(4): 296–304.Google Scholar

Duxbury, J, Whittington, R. Causes and management of patient aggression and violence: staff and patient perspectives. J. Adv. Nurs. 2005; 50(5): 469–478.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Lavender, MST. Putting aggression into context: an investigation into contextual factors influencing the rate of aggressive incidents in a psychiatric hospital. Journal of Mental Health 1999; 8(2): 159–170.Google Scholar

Flannery, RB Jr, Corrigan, M, Hanson, MA, Walker, AP. Past violence, substance use, and precipitants to psychiatric patient assaults: eleven-year analysis of the Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP). Int. J. Emerg. Ment. Health 2006; 8(3): 157–163.Google Scholar

Cooper, AJ, Mendonca, JD. A prospective study of patient assaults on nurses in a provincial psychiatric hospital in Canada. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1991; 84(2): 163–166.CrossRef Google Scholar

Rasmussen, K, Levander, S. Individual rather than situational characteristics predict violence in a maximum security hospital. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1996; 11(3): 376–390.Google Scholar

Longo, DA, Bisconer, SW. Treatment of aggression for an adult diagnosed with schizophrenia at a public psychiatric hospital. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 2003; 34(2): 177–179.Google Scholar

Bowers, L, Allan, T, Simpson, A, et al. Identifying key factors associated with aggression on acute inpatient psychiatric wards. Issues Ment. Health Nurs. 2009; 30(4): 260–271.Google Scholar

Nijman, HL, Rector, G. Crowding and aggression on inpatient psychiatric wards. Psychiatr. Serv. 1999; 50(6): 830–831.Google Scholar

Ng, B, Kumar, S, Ranclaud, M, Robinson, E. Ward crowding and incidents of violence on an acute psychiatric inpatient unit. Psychiatr. Serv. 2001; 52(4): 521–525.Google Scholar

Virtanen, M, Vahtera, J, Batty, GD, et al. Overcrowding in psychiatric wards and physical assaults on staff: data-linked longitudinal study. Br. J. Psychiatry 2011; 198(2): 149–155.Google Scholar

Barlow, K, Grenyer, B, Ilkiw-Lavalle, O. Prevalence and precipitants of aggression in psychiatric inpatient units. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 2000; 34(6): 967–974.Google Scholar

Hamrin, V, Iennaco, J, Olsen, D. A review of ecological factors affecting inpatient psychiatric unit violence: implications for relational and unit cultural improvements. Issues Ment. Health Nurs. 2009; 30(4): 214–226.Google Scholar

Bader, S, Evans, SE, Welsh, E. Aggression among psychiatric inpatients: the relationship between time, place, victims, and severity ratings. J. Am. Psychiatr. Nurses Assoc. 2014; 20(3): 179–186.Google Scholar

Mossman, D. Assessing predictions of violence: being accurate about accuracy. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1994; 62(4): 783–792.Google Scholar

Douglas, KS, Ogloff, JR, Nicholls, TL, Grant, I. Assessing risk for violence among psychiatric patients: the HCR-20 violence risk assessment scheme and the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1999; 67(6): 917–930.Google Scholar

Wong, SCP, Gordon, A. The validity and reliability of the Violence Risk Scale: a treatment-friendly violence risk assessment tool. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 2006; 12(3): 279–309.Google Scholar

Singh, JP, Fazel, S. Forensic risk assessment: a metareview. Criminal Justice and Behavior 2010; 37(9): 965–988.Google Scholar

Steadman, HJ, Silver, E, Monahan, J, et al. A classification tree approach to the development of actuarial violence risk assessment tools. Law Hum. Behav. 2000; 24(1): 83–100.Google Scholar

Allen, J. Assessing and managing risk of violence in the mentally disordered. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 1997; 4(5): 369–378.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Palmstierna, T, Wistedt, B. Risk factors for aggressive behaviour are of limited value in predicting the violent behaviour of acute involuntarily admitted patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1990; 81(2): 152–155.Google Scholar

Almvik, R, Woods, P, Rasmussen, K. The Brøset Violence Checklist: sensitivity, specificity, and interrater reliability. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2000; 15(12): 1284–1296.Google Scholar

Elbogen, EB, Tomkins, AJ, Pothuloori, AP, Scalora, MJ. Documentation of violence risk information in psychiatric hospital patient charts: an empirical examination. J. Am. Acad. Psychiatry Law 2003; 31(1): 58–64.Google Scholar PubMed

Gardner, W, Lidz, CW, Mulvey, EP, Shaw, EC. Clinical versus actuarial predictions of violence of patients with mental illnesses. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1996; 64(3): 602–609.Google Scholar

Abderhalden, C, Needham, I, Dassen, T, et al. Structured risk assessment and violence in acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Psychiatry 2008; 193(1): 44–50.Google Scholar

Ogloff, JRP, Daffern, M. The dynamic appraisal of situational aggression: an instrument to assess risk for imminent aggression in psychiatric inpatients. Behav. Sci. Law 2006; 24(6): 799–813.Google Scholar

Almvik, R, Woods, P. Predicting inpatient violence using the Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC). Int. J. Psychiatr. Nurs. Res. 1999; 4(3): 498–505.Google Scholar

Chu, CM, Daffern, M, Ogloff, JRP. Predicting aggression in acute inpatient psychiatric setting using BVC, DASA, and HCR-20 Clinical scale. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 2013; 24(2): 269–285.Google Scholar

Beck, JC, White, KA, Gage, B. Emergency psychiatric assessment of violence. Am. J. Psychiatry 1991; 148(11): 1562–1565.Google Scholar PubMed

Allen, M, Forster, P, Zealberg, J, et al. Report and recommendations regarding psychiatric emergency and crisis services: a review and model program descriptions. American Psychiatric Association Task Force. 2002. http://www.emergencypsychiatry.org/data/ tfr200201.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2014.Google Scholar

Huf, G, Coutinho, ESF, Adams, CE. Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in Brazil: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular haloperidol versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine. BMJ 2007; 335: 869.Google Scholar

Raveendran, NS, Thar yan P, Alexander J, Adams CE. Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency setting in India: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular olanzapine versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine. BMJ 2007; 335 (7625): 865–869.Google Scholar

Powney, MJ, Adams, CE, Jones, H. Haloperidol for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation). Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2012; 11: CD009377.Google Scholar PubMed

Baldaçara, L, Sanches, M, Cordeiro, DC, Jackoswski, AP. Rapid tranquilization for agitated patients in emergency psychiatric rooms: a randomized trial of olanzapine, ziprasidone, haloperidol plus promethazine, haloperidol plus midazolam and haloperidol alone. Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr. 2011; 33(1): 30–39.CrossRef Google Scholar

Bosanac, P, Hollander, Y, Castle, D. The comparative efficacy of intramuscular antipsychotics for the management of acute agitation. Australas. Psychiatry 2013; 21(6): 554–562.Google Scholar

Kinon, BJ, Stauffer, VL, Kollack-Walker, S, Chen, L, Sniadecki, J. Olanzapine versus aripiprazole for the treatment of agitation in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2008; 28(6): 601–607.Google Scholar

Gillies, D, Sampson, S, Beck, A, Rathbone, J. Benzodiazepines for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2013; 4: CD003079.Google Scholar

Wallace, PS, Taylor, SP. Reduction of appeasement-related affect as a concomitant of diazepam-induced aggression: Evidence for a link between aggression and the expression of self-conscious emotions. Aggress. Behav. 2009; 35(2): 203–212.Google Scholar

Wilson, MP, MacDonald, K, Vilke, GM, Feifel, D. Potential complications of combining intramuscular olanzapine with benzodiazepines in emergency department patients. J. Emerg. Med. 2012; 43(5): 889–896.Google Scholar

Keating, GM. Loxapine inhalation powder: a review of its use in the acute treatment of agitation in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. CNS Drugs 2013; 27(6): 479–489.Google Scholar

Citrome, L. Aerosolised antipsychotic assuages agitation: inhaled loxapine for agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2011; 65(3): 330–340.Google Scholar

Currier, G, Walsh, P. Safety and efficacy review of inhaled loxapine for treatment of agitation. Clin. Schizophr. Relat .Psychoses 2013; 7(1): 25–32.Google Scholar

Sheehan, B, Burton, E, Wood, S, et al. Evaluating the built environment in inpatient psychiatric wards. Psychiatr. Serv. 2013; 64(8): 789–795.Google Scholar

Southard, K, Jarrell, A, Shattell, MM, et al. Enclosed versus open nursing stations in adult acute care psychiatric settings: does the design affect the therapeutic milieu? J. Psychosoc. Nurs. Ment. Health Serv. 2012; 50(5): 28–34.Google Scholar

Ulrich, RS, Zimring, C, Zhu, X, et al. A review of the research literature on evidence-based healthcare design. HERD 2008; 1(3): 61–125.Google Scholar

Ulrich, RS, Berry, LL, Quan, X, Parish, JT. A conceptual framework for the domain of evidence-based design. HERD 2011; 4(1): 95–114.Google Scholar

Douglas, CH, Douglas, MR. Patient-centred improvements in healthcare built environments: perspectives and design indicators. Health Expect. 2005; 8(3): 264–276.Google Scholar