Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T05:33:46.144Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

16 - Industry and Manufacturing

from Cities and Industry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2021

By
Michael H. Smith ,
Alan Pears ,
Peter Stasinopoulos ,
Ali Hasanbeigi  and
Eshan Ahuja
Edited by
Kenneth G. H. Baldwin ,
Mark Howden ,
Michael H. Smith ,
Karen Hussey  and
Peter J. Dawson
Kenneth G. H. Baldwin
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra
Mark Howden
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra
Michael H. Smith
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra
Karen Hussey
Affiliation:
University of Queensland
Peter J. Dawson
Affiliation:
P. J. Dawson & Associates
Get access

Summary

Industry is a major contributor to climate change. Many industrial sites, supply chains and customers are vulnerable to climate change and policy and consumer responses to climate change. Profits from industrial production depend on consumer demand, and how products are provided. Powerful forces such as digitalisation, dematerialisation, decentralisation, electrification, efficiency improvement and circular economies influence production and emissions Industrial firms face pressure from regulators, investors and customers. However, there is enormous potential to capture multiple benefits through aggressive, innovative decarbonisation strategies that target growth markets and involve cooperation along supply chains. Economic productivity and business competitiveness improvement can cut business costs and reduce extreme weather risk exposure, whilst positioning manufacturing companies for fast-growing markets in low-carbon resilient products and services. The chapter overviews policies national and subnational government policymakers can consider to support transition to a zero-carbon resilient industrial sector.

Keywords

Disruptiondigitalisationdematerialisationdecentralisationoptimisationelectrificationefficiency improvementcircular economiesproductivity.
Type
Chapter
Information
Transitioning to a Prosperous, Resilient and Carbon-Free Economy
A Guide for Decision-Makers
 , pp. 408 - 438
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

A2EP (Australian Alliance for Energy Productivity) (2017). Food Cold Chain Optimisation: Improving Energy Productivity Using Real Time Food Condition Monitoring through the Chain. Australian Alliance for Energy Productivity (A2EP). Available at: https://iifiir.org/en/fridoc/food-cold-chain-optimisation-improving-energy-productivity-using-real-4770.Google Scholar
A2EP (2020a). Innovation: The Next Wave. Australian Alliance for Energy Productivity (A2EP). Available at: https://a2ep.org.au/our-work/innovation-the-next-wave.Google Scholar
A2EP (2020b). Transforming Energy Productivity in Manufacturing. Australian Alliance for Energy Productivity (A2EP). Available at: www.2xep.org.au/transforming-energy.html.Google Scholar
ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2019). 5206.0 – Australian National Accounts: National income, expenditure and product. Table 37: Industry Gross Value Added, Chain volume measures, Annual. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Available at: www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/DetailsPage/5206.0Mar%202018?OpenDocument.Google Scholar
ACIL Tasman (2013). Energy Efficiency Opportunities Program End of First Full Five-Year Cycle Evaluation: Final Report. Canberra: Department of Resources Energy and Tourism.Google Scholar
Almaguer, J. A. (2015). The Dow Chemical Company: Energy management case study. In Rossiter, A. and Jones, B., eds., Energy Management and Efficiency for the Process Industries. Wiley , pp. 25–36. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119033226.Google Scholar
APERC (Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre) (2019). APEC Energy Supply and Demand Outlook, 7th ed., Vol. 1. Tokyo, Japan: Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre (APEC) and The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ). Available at: www.apec.org/Publications/2019/05/APEC-Energy-Demand-and-Supply-Outlook-7th-Edition---Volume-I.Google Scholar
Australian Renewable Energy Agency (2020). Kidston Pumped Storage Project. ARENA. Available at: https://arena.gov.au/projects/kidston-pumped-storage-project/.Google Scholar
Beyond Zero Emissions (2017). Zero Carbon Industry Plan: Rethinking Cement. Zero Carbon Australia. Available at: https://bze.org.au/research/manufacturing-industrial-processes/rethinking-cement/.Google Scholar
BHP (2018). Addressing greenhouse gas emissions beyond our operations. BHP. 27 August. Available at: www.bhp.com/media-and-insights/prospects/2018/08/addressing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-beyond-our-operations/.Google Scholar
BMRA (British Metal Recycling Association) (n.d.). Cool facts about metals recycling. BMRA. Available at: www.recyclemetals.org/about-metal-recycling/cool-facts.html.Google Scholar
Boston Metal (2020). Boston Metal. Available at: www.bostonmetal.com/home/.Google Scholar
Carrington, D. (2011). Why low carbon means high profit – eventually. The Guardian. 14 September. Available at: www.theguardian.com/environment/damian-carrington-blog/2011/sep/14/carbon-green-economy-emissions.Google Scholar
Climateactive (2020). ClimateActive.org.au. Available at: www.climateactive.org.au/.Google Scholar
COAG (Commonwealth of Australian Governments) Energy Council (2019). Australia’s National Hydrogen Strategy. Canberra: Council of Australian Governments. Available at: www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-11/australias-national-hydrogen-strategy.pdf.Google Scholar
Cullen, J., Milford, R. and Allwood, J. (2010). Options for achieving a 50% cut in industrial carbon emissions by 2050. Environmental Science & Technology, 44, 1888–1894.Google Scholar
Deloitte (2018). The services powerhouse: Increasingly vital to world economic growth. Deloitte Insights. 12 July. Available at: www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/multimedia/infographics/trade-in-services-economy-growth-infographic.html.Google Scholar
Deloitte (2019). The future of work in manufacturing: What will jobs look like in the digital era? Deloitte Insights. 14 April. Available at: www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/manufacturing/future-of-work-manufacturing-jobs-in-digital-era.html.Google Scholar
Deventer, J. S. J., Provis, J. L. and Duxson, P. (2012). Technical and commercial progress in the adoption of geopolymer cement. Minerals Engineering, 29, 89–104.Google Scholar
Ditze, A. and Scharf, C. (2008). Recycling of Magnesium. Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Papierflieger Verl.Google Scholar
Dobbs, R., Oppenheim, J. and Thompson, F. (2013). Resource Revolution: Tracking Global Commodity Markets. McKinsey Global Institute. Available at: www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/resource-revolution-tracking-global-commodity-markets.Google Scholar
DoEE (Australian Department of the Environment and Energy) (2019). Table F: Australian energy statistics. In Australian Energy Update 2019. Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy. Available at: www.energy.gov.au/publications/australian-energy-update-2019.Google Scholar
DRET (Australian Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism) (2011). Energy Efficiency Opportunities: Assessment Handbook. Australian Government Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism. Available at: www.energy.gov.au/publications/energy-efficiency-opportunities-assessment-handbook. Google Scholar
EESI (Environmental and Energy Study Institute) (2011). Solar Thermal Energy for Industrial Uses. Issue brief. Environmental and Energy Study Institute. Available at: www.eesi.org/files/solar_thermal_120111.pdf.Google Scholar
Empower Construction (2018). Fast, efficient and feature packed alternative to concrete slabs. Empower Construction. 2 February. Available at: www.empowerconstruction.com.au/news/fast-efficient-and-feature-packed-alternative-to-concrete-slabs.Google Scholar
Environment Agency, Japan (2000). The Challenge to Establish the Recycling-Based Society: The Basic Law for Establishing the Recycling-Based Society Enacted. Tokyo: Government of Japan.Google Scholar
Europa (2005a). Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources. Munich: European Commission. Available at: www.eea.europa.eu/policy-documents/thematic-strategy-on-the-sustainable.Google Scholar
Europa (2005b). Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste. Munich: European Commission. Available at: www.eea.europa.eu/policy-documents/thematic-strategy-on-the-prevention.Google Scholar
Fischedick, M., Roy, J., Abdel-Aziz, A. et al. (2014). Industry. In Edenhofer, O., Pichs-Madruga, R., Sokona, Y. et al., eds., Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 739–810. Available at: www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter10.pdf.Google Scholar
Hargroves, K. and Smith, M. (2005). The Natural Advantage of Nations: Business Opportunities, Innovation and Governance in the 21st Century. London: The Natural Edge Project, Earthscan.Google Scholar
Heliogen (n.d.). Heliogen. Available at: https://heliogen.com/.Google Scholar
Hicks, J. (2014). Green cement to help reduce carbon emissions. Forbes. 23 June. Available at: www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferhicks/2014/06/23/green-cement-to-help-reduce-carbon-emissions/.Google Scholar
ICCA (International Council of Chemical Associations) (2009). Innovations for Greenhouse Gas Reductions: A Lifecycle Quantification of Carbon Abatement Solutions Enabled by the Chemical Industry. International Council of Chemical Associations. Available at: www.americanchemistry.com/Policy/Energy/Climate-Study/Innovations-for-Greenhouse-Gas-Reductions.pdf.Google Scholar
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2007). Energy Technologies at the Cutting Edge. Paris: International Energy Agency. Available at: www.iea.org/reports/energy-technologies-at-the-cutting-edge.Google Scholar
IEA (2013). Technology Roadmap: Energy and GHG Reductions in the Chemical Industry via Catalytic Processes. Paris: International Energy Agency. Available at: www.iea.org/reports/technology-roadmap-energy-and-ghg-reductions-in-the-chemical-industry-via-catalytic-processes.Google Scholar
IEA (2014). Capturing the Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency. Paris: International Energy Agency. Available at: webstore.iea.org/capturing-the-multiple-benefits-of-energy-efficiency.Google Scholar
IEA (2018). Technology Roadmap: Low Carbon Transition in the Cement Industry. Paris: International Energy Agency.Google Scholar
IEA (2019a). Global CO2 emissions by sector, 2017. IEA.org. 26 November. Available at: www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-co2-emissions-by-sector-2017.Google Scholar
IEA (2019b). Transforming Industry through CCUS. Paris: International Energy Agency.Google Scholar
IIP (Institute for Industrial Productivity) (2015). Iron and steel. Industrial Efficiency Technology Database [database]. Available at: www.iipinetwork.org/wp-content/Ietd/content/iron-and-steel.html.Google Scholar
Iogen, (2015). Cellulosic ethanol process. Iogen Corporation. Available at: www.iogen.ca/cellulosic_ethanol/index.html.Google Scholar
IPCC (2013). Summary for policymakers. In Stocker, T. F., Quin, D., Pattner, G.-K. et al., eds., Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf.Google Scholar
Jahanshahi, S. and Xie, D. (2012). Current status and future direction of CSIRO’s dry slag granulation process with waste heat recovery. Paper presented at 5th International Congress on the Science and Technology of Steelmaking (ICS 2012), Dresden, 1–3 October. Available at: https://publications.csiro.au/rpr/pub?list=BRO&pid=csiro:EP125951&sb=RECENT&n=2&rpp=25&page=1&tr=9&dr=all&dc4.creator=xie,%20dongsheng.Google Scholar
Jutsen, J., Pears, A. and Hutton, L. (2017). High Temperature Heat Pumps for the Australian Food Industry: Opportunities Assessment. Sydney: Australian Alliance for Energy Productivity (A2EP). Available at: www.airah.org.au/Content_Files/Industryresearch/19-09-17_A2EP_HT_Heat_pump_report.pdf.Google Scholar
Katz, D. L. and Meller, S. (2014). Can we say what diet is best for health? Annual Review of Public Health, 35, 83–103. Available at: www.researchgate.net/publication/260914255_Can_We_Say_What_Diet_Is_Best_for_Health.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kempener, R., Burch, J., Brunner, C., Navntoft, C. and Mugnier, D. (2015). Solar Heat for Industrial Processes. Technology Brief E21. IEA (International Energy Agency)-ETSAP (Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme) and IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency). Available at: www.irena.org/publications/2015/Jan/Solar-Heat-for-Industrial-Processes. Google Scholar
Khrushch, M., Worrell, E., Price, L., Martin, N. and Einstein, D. (1999). Carbon Emissions Reduction Potential in the US Chemicals and Pulp and Paper Industries by Applying CHP Technologies. Report No. LBNL-43739. Berkeley, CA: Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division. Available at: www.researchgate.net/publication/315754511_Carbon_Emissions_Reduction_Potentials_in_Pulp_and_Paper_Mills_by_Applying_Cogeneration_Technologies.Google Scholar
Klender, J. (2019). Tesla resumes Gigafactory 1 solar panel installations. Teslarati. 25 October. Available at www.teslarati.com/tesla-resumes-gigafactory-1-solar-panel-installations/.Google Scholar
Lippke, B., Oneil, E., Harrison, R., Skog, K., Gustavsson, L. and Sathre, R. (2011). Life cycle impacts of forest management and wood utilization on carbon mitigation: Knowns and unknowns. Future Science: Carbon Management, 2, 303–333.Google Scholar
Lord, M. (2018). Electrifying Industry: Zero Carbon Industry Plan. Melbourne: Beyond Zero Emissions. Available at: https://bze.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/electrifying-industry-bze-report-2018.pdf.Google Scholar
Lord, M. (2020). From Mining to Making: Australia’s Future in Zero-Emissions Metal. Melbourne: Energy Transition Hub, University of Melbourne. Available at: www.energy-transition-hub.org/resource/mining-making-australias-future-zero-emissions-metal.Google Scholar
Lovegrove, K., Edwards, S., Jacobson, N. et al. (2015). Renewable Energy Options for Australian Industrial Gas Users: Background Technical Report. Background technical report ITP/A0142 rev. 2.0. Canberra: IT Power (Australia) Pty Ltd and ARENA (Australian Renewable Energy Agency). Available at: https://itpau.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/ITP_REOptionsForIndustrialGas_TechReport.compressed.pdf.Google Scholar
Meat and Livestock Australia (2011). MLA Bioactives Workshop October 2011: Final Report. Meat and Livestock Australia. Available at: www.mla.com.au/download/finalreports?itemId=2084.Google Scholar
Müller, D. B., Liu, G., Løvik, A. N. et al. (2013). Carbon emissions of infrastructure development. Environmental Science & Technology, 47, 11739–11746.Google Scholar
OECD (2008). Costs of Environmental Policy Inaction: Summary for Policy-makers. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
PACIA (Plastics and Chemicals Industry Association) (2008). Sustainability Leadership Framework for Plastics and Chemicals Industries. Melbourne: Plastics and Chemicals Industry Association.Google Scholar
Pears, A. (2007). Imagining Australia’s energy services futures. Futures, 39, 253–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sadoway, D. R. (2014). A Technical Feasibility Study of Steelmaking by Molten Oxide Electrolysis. Fact sheet 9956. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2172/974198.Google Scholar
Scialabba, N. and Müller-Lindenlauf, M. (2010). Organic agriculture and climate change. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 25, 158–169.Google Scholar
Smith, M. (2014). Assessing Climate Change Risks and Opportunities: Industrials, Materials and Manufacturing Sector. Canberra: The Investor Group on Climate Change (IGCC) and The Australian National University (ANU). Available at: https://igcc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Assessing-Climate-Change-Risks-and-Opportunities-for-Investors.pdf.Google Scholar
Smith, M. (2015). Industry and manufacturing. In Lindenmayer, D., Dovers, S. and Morton, S., eds., Ten Commitments Revisited: Securing Australia’s Future Environment. Collingwood: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Publishing.Google Scholar
Smith, M. and Dyer, G. (2015). Strategies to mainstream climate change, energy, water and food security nexus knowledge and skills. In Pittock, J., Hussey, K. and Dovers, S., eds., Climate, Energy and Water. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 231–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, M., Hargroves, K., Desha, C. and Stasinopoulos, P. (2010). Factor 5 in eco-cement: Zeobond Pty Ltd. Ecos Magazine, 21, 149. Available at: www.ecosmagazine.com/?act=view_file&file_id=EC149p21.pdf.Google Scholar
Stahel, W. (1981). Jobs for Tomorrow: The Potential for Substituting Manpower for Energy. New York: Vantage Press.Google Scholar
TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) (2017). Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. Final report. Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. Available at: www.fsb-tcfd.org/publications/recommendations-report/.Google Scholar
UNEP (UN Environment Programme) (2011). Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication. UN Environment Programme. Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=126&menu=35.Google Scholar
US DOE (Department of Energy) (2004). Waste Heat Reduction and Recovery for Improving Furnace Efficiency Productivity and Emissions Performance: A Best Practices Process Heating Technical Brief. United States Department of Energy. Available at: www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/05/f15/35876.pdf.Google Scholar
US DOE (2008). Waste Heat Recovery: Technology and Opportunities in U.S. Industry. United States Department of Energy. Available at: www.osti.gov/biblio/1218716-waste-heat-recovery-technology-opportunities-industry. Google Scholar
US DOE (2010). Steel Industry Technology Roadmap. United States Department of Energy.Google Scholar
Vassallo, D. and Smith, C. (2010). Optimizing the Success of Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Programs by Driving Culture Change. DuPont Energy Efficiency Culture White Paper.Google Scholar
Vogl, V., Åhman, M. and Nilsson, L. J. (2018). Assessment of hydrogen direct reduction for fossil-free steelmaking. Journal of Cleaner Production, 203, 736–745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Weizsacker, E., Hargroves, K., Smith, M., Desha, C. and Stasinopoulos, P. (2009). Factor Five: Transforming the Global Economy through 80% Improvements in Resource Productivity. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Walton, E. (2019). Nucor to use clean energy to power mill. Sedalia Democrat. 14 December. Available at: www.sedaliademocrat.com/news/nucor-to-use-clean-energy-to-power-mill/article_7c222da4-1e44-11ea-93b3-037d5308eeae.html.Google Scholar
WEF (World Economic Forum) (2014). Towards the Circular Economy: Accelerating the Scale-up across Global Supply Chains. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Available at: www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_ENV_TowardsCircularEconomy_Report_2014.pdf.Google Scholar
World Steel Association (2012). Sustainable Steel: At the Core of a Green Economy. World Steel Association. Available at: www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:5b246502-df29-4d8b-92bb-afb2dc27ed4f/Sustainable-steel-at-the-core-of-a-green-economy.pdf.Google Scholar
Worrell, E., Blinde, P., Neelis, M., Blomen, E. and Masanet, E. (2010). Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities for the U.S. Iron and Steel Industry: An ENERGY STAR Guide for Energy and Plant Managers. Berkeley, CA: Enerst Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division. Available at: www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/Iron_Steel_Guide.pdf.Google Scholar
Zurich Financial Services Group (2018). Supply Chain Resilience 2011. Zurich: Business Continuity Institute. Available at: www.thebci.org/uploads/assets/uploaded/6bd728bd-bf0e-4eb7-b15fa67164eb9484.pdf. Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×