Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Part I Introduction
- Part II The development of the institutional structure, 1860–1940
- Part III The development of the postwar system, 1940–1987
- Part IV New environment, new research organizations
- 8 The changing context of innovation, 1980–present
- 9 International and domestic collaboration in research and development
- 10 The merger of technology and trade policies
- 11 Concluding observations
- Bibliography
- Index
9 - International and domestic collaboration in research and development
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 March 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Part I Introduction
- Part II The development of the institutional structure, 1860–1940
- Part III The development of the postwar system, 1940–1987
- Part IV New environment, new research organizations
- 8 The changing context of innovation, 1980–present
- 9 International and domestic collaboration in research and development
- 10 The merger of technology and trade policies
- 11 Concluding observations
- Bibliography
- Index
Summary
Chapter 8 described the changes that have occurred during the past three decades in the international competitive and technological environment of U.S. manufacturing firms. These changes, which include the development of Japanese technological competition, have led to considerable experimentation and innovation in the U.S. R&D system. One of the most widespread types of innovation is the effort by firms to develop external sources of research and development expertise. These efforts have resulted in considerable expansion of collaboration in R&D that involves U.S. and foreign firms, as well as U.S. universities. Collaborative ventures obviously represent a considerable shift away from the in-house research and development that dominated industrial research during the first seventy-five years of this century.
The causes and consequences of these new organizational structures are still uncertain, since in most cases collaboration is less than ten years old. Nevertheless, there appear to be important contrasts in structure and motives between the international and domestic research and development ventures into which U.S. firms have entered. One must distinguish among at least three broad categories of research collaboration: collaborative ventures between U.S. and foreign firms; research collaboration among U.S. firms; and domestic university–industry research collaboration. International collaborative ventures focus mainly on development, production, and marketing, rattier than precommercial research. Thus far, domestic collaborations among U.S. firms have been concerned with research that is less applied in character and less closely linked to a specific commercial product.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth , pp. 238 - 273Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1989
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