Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T09:26:02.172Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2009

Riccardo Scalenghe
Edited by
Giacomo Certini
Riccardo Scalenghe
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Palermo, Italy
Giacomo Certini
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Soils: Basic Concepts and Future Challenges , pp. 277 - 302
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agnelli, A., Ugolini, F. C., Corti, G. and Pietramellara, G. (2001). Microbial biomass C and basal respiration of fine earth and highly altered rock fragments of two forest soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 33:613–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alakukku, L., Weisskopf, P., Chamen, W. C. T. et al. (2003). Prevention strategies for field traffic-induced subsoil compaction: a review. Part 1. Machine/soil interactions. Soil and Tillage Research, 73:145–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amali, S., Rolston, D. E. and Yamaguchi, T. (1996). Transient multicomponent gas-phase transport of volatile organic chemicals in porous media. Journal of Environmental Quality, 158:106–14.Google Scholar
Amundson, R. (2005a). Eugene Woldemar Hilgard. In Hillel, D. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, pp. 182–7. Oxford: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Amundson, R. (2005b). Hans Jenny. In Hillel, D. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, pp. 293–300. Oxford: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Amundson, R. and Jenny, H. (1991). The place of humans in the state factor theory of ecosystems and their soils. Soil Science, 151:99–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amundson, R. and Jenny, H. (1997). On a state factor model of ecosystems. Bioscience, 47:536–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amundson, R. and Yaalon, D. H. (1995). Eugene Woldemar Hilgard and John Wesley Powell: efforts for a joint agricultural and geological survey. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59:4–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amundson, R., Wang, Y., Chadwick, O.et al. (1994). Factors and processes governing the 14C content of carbonate in desert soils. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 125:385–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amundson, R., Guo, Y., and Gong, P. (2003). Soil diversity and land use in the United States. Ecosystems, 6:470–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J. M. (1975). Succession, diversity and trophic relationships of some soil animals in decomposing leaf litter. Journal of Animal Ecology, 44:475–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, T. -H. (2003). Microbial eco-physiological indicators to assess soil quality. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 98:285–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
André, H. -M., Noti, M. I. and Lebrun, P. (1994). The soil fauna: the other last biotic frontier. Biodiversity and Conservation, 3:45–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angers, D. A., Recous, S. and Aita, C. (1997). Fate of carbon and nitrogen in water-stable aggregates during decomposition of (CN)-C-13-N-15-labelled wheat straw in situ. European Journal of Soil Science, 48:295–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, R. W. (1983). Concepts of soils and pedology. In Wilding, L. P., Smeck, N. E. and Hall, G. F. (eds.) Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy. I: Concepts and Interactions, pp. 1–21. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Arnold, R. W. and Eswaran, H. (2003). Conceptual basis for soil classification: lessons from the past. In Eswaran, H., Ahrens, R. J., Rice, T. J. and Stewart, B. A. (eds.) Soil Classification: A Global Desk Reference, pp. 27–41. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Arnold, R. W., Szabolcs, I. and Targulian, V. O. (eds.) (1990). Global Soil Change. Report of an IIASA-UNEP task force on the role of soils in global change, CP-90–2. Laxenburg, Austria: IIASA.Google Scholar
Austin, M. P., Cunningham, R. B., and Fleming, P. M. (1984). New approaches to direct gradient analysis using environmental scalars and statistical curve-fitting procedures. Vegetatio, 55:11–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, S. W. (1980). Structures of layer silicates. In Brindley, G. W. and Brown, G. (eds.) Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification, pp. 1–124. London: Mineralogical Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldock, J. A. (2001). Interactions of organic materials and microorganisms with minerals in the stabilization of soil structure. In Huang, P. M., Bollag, J. M. and Senesi, N. (eds.), Interactions between Soil Particles and Microorganisms: Impact on the Terrestrial Ecosystem, pp. 85–131. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Baldock, J. A. and Skjemstad, J. O. (2000). Role of the soil matrix and minerals in protecting natural organic materials against biological attack. Organic Geochemistry, 31:697–710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balesdent, J. (1996). The significance of organic separates to carbon dynamics and its modelling in some cultivated soils. European Journal of Soil Science, 47:485–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandibas, J., Vermoesen, A., Croot, C. J. and Cleemput, O. (1994). The effect of different moisture regimes and soil characteristics on nitrous oxide emission and consumption by different soils. Soil Science, 158:106–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belnap, J. (2003). Biological soil crusts in deserts: a short review of their role in soil fertility, stabilization, and water relation. Algological Studies, 148:113–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benoit, P., Barriuso, E., Bergheaud, V. and Etiévant, V. (2000). Binding capacities of different soil size fractions in the formation of herbicide-bound residues. Agronomie, 20:505–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besnard, E., Chenu, C. and Robert, M. (2001). Influence of organic amendments on copper distribution among particle size and density fractions in Champagne vineyard soils. Environmental Pollution, 112:329–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birkeland, P. W. (1984). Soils and Geomorphology, 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Birkeland, P. W. (1999). Soils and Geomorphology. 3rd edition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Blackwood, C. B., Marsh, T., Kim, S. H. and Paul, E. A. (2003). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism data analysis for quantitative comparison of microbial communities. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 69:926–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blaser, P., Zysset, M., Zimmermann, S. and Luster, J. (1999). Soil acidification in southern Switzerland between 1987 and 1997: a case study based on the critical load concept. Environmental Science and Technology, 33:2383–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaser, P., Zimmermann, S., Luster, J. and Shotyk, W. (2000). Critical examination of trace element enrichments and depletions in soils: As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in Swiss forest soils. The Science of the Total Environment, 249:257–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bloem, J., Hopkins, D. W. and Benedetti, A. (eds.) (2005). Microbiological Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. Wallingford: CABI Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blum, W. E. H. (1988). Problems of Soil Conservation. Nature and Environment, 40. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Google Scholar
Blum, W. E. H. (1997). Soil as an open, complex system of biotic and abiotic interactions – energy concept. Extended abstracts of the international symposium on soil system behaviour in time and space. Communications of the Austrian Soil Science Society, 55:13–15.Google Scholar
Bockheim, J. G. and Gennadiyev, A. N. (2000). The role of soil-forming processes in the definition of taxa in Soil Taxonomy and the World Soil Reference Base. Geoderma, 95:53–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bockheim, J. G., Tarnocai, C., Kimble, J. M. and Smith, C. A. S. (1997). The concept of gelic materials in the new Gelisol order for permafrost-affected soils. Soil Science, 162:927–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bockheim, J. G., Gennadiyev, A. N., Hammer, R. D. and Tandarich, J. P. (2005). Historical development of key concepts in pedology. Geoderma, 124:23–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesten, J. J. T. I. and Linden, A. M. A. (1991). Modeling the influence of sorption and transformation on pesticide leaching and persistence. Journal of Environmental Quality, 20:425–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boettinger, J. L. and Richardson, J. L. (2001). Saline and wet soils of wetlands in dry climates. In Richardson, J. L. and Vepraskas, M. J. (eds.) Wetland Soils: Genesis, Hydrology, Landscapes, and Classification, pp. 383–90. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C. and Gower, S. T. (2004). A global relationship between the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of soil respiration?Global Change Biology, 10:1756–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booltink, H. W. G. and Bouma, J. (2002). Suction crust infiltrometer and bypass flow. In Dane, J. H. and Topp, G. C. (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4: Physical Methods, Book Series 5, pp. 926–37. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Boulaine, J. (1989). Historie des Pedologues et de la Science des Sols. Paris: Institut Internationale de la Recherche Agronomique.Google Scholar
Bouma, J. (1979). Subsurface applications of sewage effluent. In Beatty, M. T., Petersen, G. W. and Swindale, L. D. (eds.) Planning the Uses and Management of Land, Agronomy 21, pp. 665–703. Madison, WI: ASA-CSSA-SSSA.Google Scholar
Bouma, J. (1989). Using soil survey data for quantitative land evaluation. In Stewart, B. A. (ed.) Advances in Soil Science, 9:177–211. Berlin: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Bouma, J. (1991). Influence of soil macroporosity on environmental quality. Advances in Agronomy, 46:1–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouma, J. (2000). Land evaluation for landscape units. In Summer, M. E. (ed.) Handbook of Soil Science, pp. E393–E412. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Bouma, J. (2001a). The role of soil science in the land negotiation process. Soil Use and Management, 17:1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouma, J. (2001b). The new role of soil science in a network society. Soil Science, 166:874–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouma, J. and Droogers, P. (1999). Comparing different methods for estimating the soil moisture supply capacity of a soil series subjected to different types of management. Geoderma, 92:185–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouma, J. and Jones, J. W. (2001). An international collaborative network for agricultural systems applications (ICASA). Agricultural Systems, 70:355–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouma, J., Stoorvogel, J., Alphen, B. J. and Booltink, H. W. G. (1999). Pedology, precision agriculture and the changing paradigms of agricultural research. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63:343–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouma, J., Alphen, B. J. and Stoorvogel, J. J. (2002). Fine tuning water quality regulations in agriculture to soil differences. Environmental Science and Policy, 5:113–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, W. A. (1986). Gaseous nitrogen emissions from undisturbed terrestial ecosystems. Biogeochemistry, 12:249–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, N. C. and Weil, R. R. (eds.) (1996). The Nature and properties of Soils. 11th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Breeuwsma, A., Wosten, J. H. M., Vleeshouwer, J. J., Vanslobbe, A. M. and Bouma, J. (1986). Derivation of land qualities to assess environmental problems from soil surveys. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 50:186–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breland, T. A. and Hansen, S. (1996). Nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass as affected by soil compaction. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 28:655–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bridges, E. M. and Batjes, N. H. (1996). Soil gaseous emissions and global climate change. Geography, 81:155–69.Google Scholar
Brimhall, G. H., Chadwick, O. A., Lewis, C. J.et al. (1991). Deformational mass transport and invasive processes in soil evolution. Science, 255:695–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brinkman, R. (1970). Ferrolysis, a hydromorphic soil forming process. Geoderma, 3:199–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, R. B. and Macedo, J. (1990). Differential chemoreductive dissolution of iron oxides in a Brazilian Oxisol. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54:819–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bundt, M., Albrecht, A., Froidevaux, P., Blaser, P. and Flühler, H. (2000). Impact of preferential flow on radionuclide distribution in soil. Environmental Science and Technology, 34:3895–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bundt, M., Krauss, M., Blaser, P. and Wilcke, W. (2001). Forest fertilization with wood ash: effect on the distribution and storage of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Journal of Environmental Quality, 30:1296–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buol, S. W. and Eswaran, H. (2000). Oxisols. Advances in Agronomy, 68:151–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buol, S. W., Hole, F. D., McCracken, R. J. and Southard, R. J. (1997). Soil Genesis and Classification. 4th edition. Ames: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Buol, S. W., Southard, R. J., Graham, R. C. and McDaniel, P. A. (2003). Soil Genesis and Classification. 5th edition. Ames, IA: Iowa State Press, Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Burdon, J. (2001). Are the traditional concepts on the structures of humic substances realistic?Soil Science, 166:752–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burt, R., Wilson, M. A., Kanyanda, C. W., Spurway, J. K. R. and Metzler, J. D. (2001). Properties and effects of management on selected granitic soils in Zimbabwe. Geoderma, 101:119–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, B. E. (1959). Periodic Phenomena in Landscape as a Basis for Soil Studies. Australia Soil Publications No. 14. Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing.Google Scholar
Byzov, B. A., Chernjakovskaya, G. M., Zenova, G. M. and Dobrovolskaya, T. G. (1996). Bacterial communities associated with soil diplopods. Pedobiologia, 40:67–79.Google Scholar
Campbell, G. S. (1985). Soil Physics with BASIC. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Canny, M. J. (1981). A universe comes into being when a space is severed: some properties of boundaries in open systems. Proceedings of Ecological Society of Australia, 11:1–11.Google Scholar
Carballas, M., Carballas, T. and Jacquin, F. (1979). Biodegradation and humification of organic matter in humiferous Atlantic soils. Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología, 38:1699–717.Google Scholar
Carballas, M., Cabaneiro, A., Guitian Ribeira, F., and Carballas, T. (1980). Organo-metallic complexes in Atlantic humiferous soils. Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología, 39:1033–43.Google Scholar
Certini, G. (2005). Effects of fire on properties of forest soils. A review. Oecologia, 143:1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Certini, G., Ugolini, F. C., Corti, G. and Agnelli, F. (1998). Early stages of podzolization under Corsican pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. laricio). Geoderma, 83:103–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Certini, G., Corti, G., Agnelli, A. and Sanesi, G. (2003). Carbon dioxide efflux and concentrations in two soils under temperate forests. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 37:39–46.Google Scholar
Chadwick, O. A., Derry, L. A., Vitousek, P. M., Heubert, B. J. and Hedin, L. O. (1999). Changing sources of nutrients during four million years of ecosystem development. Nature, 397:491–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chadwick, O. A., and Graham, R. C. (2000). Pedogenic processes. In Sumner, M. E. (ed.) Handbook of Soil Science, pp. E41–E75. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Chamran, F., Gessler, P. E. and Chadwick, O. A. (2002). Spatially explicit treatment of soil-water dynamics along a semiarid catena. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66:1571–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chenu, C. (1995). Extracellular polysaccharides: an interface between microorganisms and soil constituents. In Huang, P. M., Berthelin, J., Bollag, J. M., McGill, W. B. and Page, A. L. (eds.), Environmental Impact of Soil Component Interactions. I: Natural and Anthropogenic Organics, pp. 217–33. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis.Google Scholar
Chenu, C. and Guérif, J. (1991). Mechanical strength of clay minerals as influenced by an adsorbed polysaccharide. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55:1076–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chenu, C., Bissonnais, Y. and Arrouays, D. (2000). Organic matter influence on clay wettability and soil aggregate stability. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64:1479–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chesapeake Bay Program (2002). Chesapeake Bay. Annapolis, MD. www.chesapeakebay.net. [verified on 15 May, 2005].
Chesworth, W. (1973). The parent rock effect in the genesis of soil. Geoderma, 10:215–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, C. M., Burton, D. L. and Chang, C. (1997). Denitrification and fluxes of nitrogenous gases from soil under steady oxygen distribution. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 77:261–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, B. T. (1996). Carbon in primary and secondary organomineral complexes. Advances in Soil Science, 27:97–165.Google Scholar
Churchman, G. J. (2000). The alteration and formation of soil minerals by weathering. In Sumner, M. E. (ed.) Handbook of Soil Science, pp. F3–F76. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Churchman, G. J., and Burke, C. M. (1991). Properties of subsoils in relation to various measures of surface area and water content. Journal of Soil Science, 42:463–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchman, G. J. and Tate, K. R. (1986). Aggregation of clays in six New Zealand soil types as measured by disaggregation procedures. Geoderma, 37:207–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchman, G. J., Skjemstad, J. O. and Oades, J. M. (1993). Influence of clay minerals and organic matter on effect of sodicity on soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 31:779–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchman, G. J., Slade, P. G., Self, P. G. and Janik, L. J. (1994). Nature of interstratified kaolin-smectites in some Australian soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 32:805–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CIA (2006). The World Factbook 2005. Pittsburgh, PA: Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html [verified on 20 March 2006].
CIESIN (Center for International Earth Science Information Network)/IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute)/World Bank/CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical) (2004). Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP). Palisades, NY: CIESIN, Columbia University. http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw [verified on 20 March 2006].
Ciolkosz, E. J., Cronce, R. C., Cunningham, R. L. and Petersen, G. W. (1985). Characteristics, genesis, and classification of Pennsylvania minesoils. Soil Science, 139:232–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CMS (1984). Report of the Clay Minerals Society Nomenclature Committee for 1982 and 1983. Clays and Clay Minerals, 32:239–40.CrossRef
Coleman, D. and Fry, B. (eds.) (1991). Carbon Isotope Techniques. Isotopic Techniques in Plant, Soil, and Aquatic Biology Series, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Courchesne, F., Séguin, V. and Dufresne, A. (2000). Solid-phase fractionation of metals in the rhizosphere of forest soils. In Gobran, G. R., Wenzel, W. W. and Lombi, E. (eds.) Trace Elements in the Rhizosphere, pp. 189–206. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Courchesne, F., Kruyts, N. and Legrand, P. (2006). Labile zinc and copper ion activity in the rhizosphere of forest soils. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25, 635–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crescimanno, G. and Santis, A. (2004). Bypass flow, salinization and sodication in a cracking clay soil. Geoderma, 121:307–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cronan, C. and Grigal, D. F. (1995). Use of calcium/aluminum ratios as indicators of stress in forest ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Quality, 24:209–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crutzen, P. J. (2002). Geology of mankind: the Anthropocene. Nature, 415:23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curry, J. P. (2004). Factors affecting the abundance of earthworms in soils. In Edwards, C. A. (ed.) Earthworm Ecology, 2nd Edition, pp. 91–113. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A. (1993). Comparison of soil solution extraction procedures: effect on solute chemistry. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 24:1783–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A. (1994). Soil acidification and nitrogen saturation from weathering of ammonium-bearing rock. Nature, 368:838–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A. and Marrett, D. J. (1991). Organic carbon sorption in arctic and sub-alpine Spodosol B horizons. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55:1382–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A. and Ugolini, F. C. (1989a). Aluminum fractionation of soil solutions from unperturbed and tephra-treated Spodosols, Cascade Range, Washington, USA. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 53:559–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A. and Ugolini, F. C. (1989b). Effects of tephra addition on soil processes in Spodosols in the Cascade Range, Washington, U.S.A. Geoderma, 45:331–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A. and Ugolini, F. C. (1991). Distribution and characterization of short-range-order minerals in Spodosols from the Washington Cascades. Geoderma, 48:391–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A., Dragoo, J. P. and Ugolini, F. C. (1997a). Weathering of Mt. St. Helens tephra under a cryic-udic climatic regime. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61:1519–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A., Percival, H. J. and Parfitt, R. L. (1997b). Carbon dioxide degassing effects on soil solutions collected by centrifugation. Soil Science, 162:648–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A., Singer, M. J. and Huang, X. (1997c). Oak tree and grazing impacts on soil properties and nutrients in a California oak woodland. Biogeochemistry, 39:45–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A., Ugolini, F. C. and Casey, W. H. (1999). Field weathering rates of Mt. St. Helens tephra. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63:587–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlgren, R. A., Saigusa, M.Ugolini, F. C. (2004). The nature, properties and management of volcanic soils. Advances in Agronomy, 82:113–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalrymple, J. B., Blong, R. J. and Conacher, A. J. (1968). An hypothetical nine-unit landsurface model. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 12:60–76.Google Scholar
Daniels, R. B. and Gamble, E. E. (1967). The edge effect in some Ultisols in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Geoderma, 1:117–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darwin, C. (1985). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Davison, B. and Zhang, H. (2005). Diffusion gradients in thin-films (DGT). www.dgtresearch.com [verified on 15 May, 2005].
Delvaux, B. and Herbillon, A. J. (1995). Pathways of mixed-layer kaolin-smectite formation in soils. In Churchman, G. J., Fitzpatrick, R. W. and Eggleton, R. A. (eds.) Clays Controlling the Environment, pp. 457–61. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.Google Scholar
Deppenmeier, U., Müller, V. and Gottschalk, G. (1996). Pathways of energy conservation in methanogenic archaea. Archive of Microbiology, 165:149–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dieffenbach, A. and Matzner, E. (2000). In situ soil solution chemistry in the rhizosphere of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) trees. Plant and Soil, 222:149–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilly, O. (2005). Microbial energetics in soil. In Buscot, F. and Varma, A. (eds.) Microorganisms in soils: roles in genesis and functions, pp. 123–38. Berlin: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Dilly, O. and Blume, H. -P. (1998). Indicators to assess sustainable land use with reference to soil microbiology. Advances in GeoEcology, 31:29–36.Google Scholar
Dilly, O.and Munch, J. C. (1995). Microbial biomass and activities in partly hydromorphic agricultural and forest soils in the Bornhöved Lake region of Northern Germany. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 19:343–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilly, O., Bartsch, S., Rosenbrock, P., Buscot, F. and Munch, J. C. (2001). Shifts in physiological capabilities of the microbiota during the decomposition of leaf litter in a black alder (Alnus glutinosa (Gaertn.) L.) forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 33:921–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilly, O., Blume, H. -P., Sehy, U., Jimenez, M. and Munch, J. C. (2003). Variation of stabilised, microbial and biologically active carbon and nitrogen in soil under contrasting land use and agricultural management practices. Chemosphere, 52:557–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dilly, O., Gnaß, A. and Pfeiffer, E. -M. (2005). Humus accumulation and microbial activities in Calcari-Epigleyic Fluvisols under grassland and forest diked in for 30 years. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37:2163–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, J. B., and Schulze, D. G. (eds.) (2002). Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Dixon, J. B. and Weed, S. B. (eds.) (1989). Minerals in Soil Environments, 2nd edition. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Dokuchaev, V. (1883). Russian Chernozem. Selected Works of V. V. Dokuchaev, Vol 1. Translated by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations (1967), Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Doran, J. W. and Parkin, T. B. (1996). Quantitative indicators of soil quality: a minimum data set. In Doran, J. W. and Jones, A. J. (eds.) Methods for Assessing Soil Quality, pp. 25–37. SSSA Spec. Pub. 49. Madison, WI: SSSA.Google Scholar
Driscoll, C. T., Lawrence, G. B., Bulger, A. J.et al. (2001). Acidic deposition in the northeastern United States: sources and inputs, ecosystem effects, and management strategies. BioScience, 51:180–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EEA (1999). Environment in the European Union at the Turn of the Century, chapter 3.6. Environmental Assessment Report 2. Copenhagen: European Environmental Agency. reports.eea.eu.int/92-9157-202-0/en/3.6.pdf [verified on 21 December, 2005].
EEA (2003). Europe's Environment: The Third Assessment. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency.
EEA/UNEP (2000). Down to Earth: Soil degradation and Sustainable Development in Europe – a Challenge for the 21st Century. Environmental Issue Report 16. Copenhagen: EEA and United Nations Environment Programme Regional Office for Europe.
EEB (2004). European Soil Protection Policy: time to move from neglect to protection. Brussels: European Environmental Bureau. www.eeb.org [verified on 20 March 2006].
Egashira, K., Tsuda, T. and Takuma, K. (1985). Relationship between soil properties and the erodibility of Masa soils (granitic soils). Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 31:105–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eldridge, D. J. (2003). Exploring some relationships between biological soil crusts, soil aggregation and wind erosion. Journal of Arid Environments, 3:457–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, J. R. (1998). Post flood syndrome and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Production Agriculture, 11:200–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emerson, W. W. (1995). Water retention, organic C and soil texture. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 33:241–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eswaran, H., Bin, W. C. (1978). A study of a deep weathering profile on granite in Peninsular Malaysia. Parts I, II and III. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42:144–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eurogas (2005). Statistics 2004. www.eurogas.org/preview/frameset.asp?page=11 [verified on 20 March 2006].
European Commission (2002). Towards a thematic strategy for soil protection. COM(2002)179. Brussels: European Parliament, Economic and Social Committee, and Committee of the Regions.
Fairbridge, R. W. (1968). Mountain and hilly terrain. In Fairbridge, R. W. (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, pp. 745–747. New York: Reinhold Book Corporation.Google Scholar
Falloon, P., Smith, P., Coleman, K. and Marshall, S. (1998). Estimating the size of the inert organic matter pool from total soil organic carbon content for use in the Rothamsted carbon model. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 30:1207–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fanning, D. S. and Fanning, M. C. B. (1989). Soil Morphology, Genesis, and Classification. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
FAO (2006). TERRASTAT: Global Land Resources GIS Models and Databases for Poverty and Food Insecurity. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/terrastat/ [verified on March 20, 2006].
FAO/ISRIC/ISSS (1998). World Reference Base for Soil Resources. World Soil Resources, Report 84. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Soil Reference and Information Centre, and International Society of Soil Science. www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/ [verified on 9 March, 2005].
Feller, C. (1997). La matière organique des sols. Questions, concepts et méthodologies. Quelques aspects historiques et état actuel. Comptes Rendus de l‘Académie d'Agriculture de France, 83:85–98.Google Scholar
FitzPatrick, E. A. (1956). An indurated soil horizon formed by permafrost. Journal of Soil Science, 7:248–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FitzPatrick, E. A. (1980). Soils: Their Formation, Classification and Distribution. Reprinted in 1983 and 1991. London: Longman.Google Scholar
FitzPatrick, E. A. (2002). Horizon identification using Excel. In Proceedings of the 17th World Congress of Soil Science, Bangkok, Thailand, 1983, pp. 1–5. www.ldd.go.th/Wcss 2002 /papers/1983.pdf [verified on 21 December 2005].
Foissner, W. (1987). Soil Protozoa: fundamental problems, ecology significance, adaptations in ciliates and testaceans, bioindicators, and guide to literature. Progress in Protistology, 2:69–212.Google Scholar
Folland, C. K., Karl, T. R. and Vinnikov, K. Y. A. (1990). Observed climate variations and change. In Houghton, J. T., Jenkins, G. J. and Ephraums, J. J. (eds.) Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment, pp. 195–238. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Frazier, C. S. and Graham, R. C. (2000). Pedogenic transformation of fractured granitic bedrock, southern California. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64:2057–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, C., Ostle, N. and Kang, H. (2001). An enzymic ‘latch’ on a global carbon store: a shortage of oxygen locks up carbon in peatlands by restraining a single enzyme. Nature, 409:149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fridland, V. M. (1976). Pattern of the Soil Cover. Translation of 1972 Russian edition. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House.Google Scholar
Fukui, Y. and Doskey, P. V. (1996). Technique for measuring nonmethane organic compound emissions from grassland. Journal of Environmental Quality, 25:601–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GACGC (1995). World in Transition: The Threat to Soils. German Advisory Council on Global Change 1994 Annual Report. Bonn: Economia Verlag.
Galloway, J. N. (1998). The global nitrogen cycle: changes and consequences. Environmental Pollution, 102:15–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galloway, J. N., Aber, J. D., Erisman, J. W.et al. (2003). The nitrogen cascade. BioScience, 53:341–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, R. and Millan, E. (1998). Assessment of Cd, Pb and Zn contamination in roadside soils and grasses from Gipuzkoa (Spain). Chemosphere, 37:1615–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodeja, Garcia E., Macias, Vazquez F. and Guitian Ojea, F. (1984). Reacción con FNa del suelos de Galicia. II: Suelos sobre rocas graníticas. Anales de Edafología y Agrobiologíia, 43:787–807.Google Scholar
Garcia-Talegon, J., Molina, E. and Vicente, M. A. (1994). Nature and characteristics of 1:1 phyllosilicates from weathered granite, central Spain. Clay Minerals, 29:727–34.Google Scholar
Garnier, P., Neel, C., Mary, B. and Lafolie, F. (2001). Evaluation of a nitrogen transport and transformation model in a bare soil. European Journal of Soil Science, 52:253–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gellert, R., Rieder, R., Anderson, R. C.et al. (2004). Chemistry of rocks and soils in Gusev Crater from the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. Science, 305:829–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerasimov, I. P.and Glazovskaya, M. A. (1965). Fundamentals of Soil Science and Soil Geography. Translation of 1960 Russian edition. Jerusalem: Israel Program of Scientific Translations.Google Scholar
German Advisor Council on Global Change (2003). World in Transition: Towards Sustainable Energy Systems. London: Earthscan.
Gessler, P. E., Chadwick, O. A., Chamran, F., Althouse, L. and Holmes, K. (2000). Modeling soil-landscape and ecosystem properties using terrain attributes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64:2046–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilkes, R. J., Scholz, G. and Dimmock, G. M. (1973). Lateritic deep weathering of granite. Journal of Soil Science, 24:523–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillman, G. P. and Bell, L. C. (1976). Surface charge characteristics of six weathered soils from tropical North Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 14:351–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillman, G. P. and Sumpter, E. A. (1986). Surface charge characteristics and lime requirements of soils derived from basaltic, granitic and metamorphic rocks in high-rainfall tropical Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 24:173–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glentworth, R. and Muir, J. W. (1963). The Soils of the Country Round Aberdeen, Inverurie and Fraserburgh. Memoirs of the Soil Survey of Great Britain. Edinburgh: HMSO.Google Scholar
Golchin, A. (1994). Soil structure and carbon cycling. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 32:1043–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golchin, A., Baldock, J. A. and Oades, J. M. (1998). A model linking organic matter decomposition, chemistry, and aggregate dynamics. In Lal, R., Kimble, J. M., Follett, R. F. and Stewart, B. A. (eds.), Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle, pp. 245–66. Advances in Soil Science. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Goss, J. C. and Phillips, F. M. (2001). Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides: theory and application. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20:1475–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gosz, J. R., Likens, G. E. and Bormann, F. H. (1973). Nutrient release from decomposing leaf and branch litter in the Hubbard Brook Forest, New Hampshire. Ecological Monograph, 43:173–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, R. C. and Buol, S. W. (1990). Soil-geomorphic relations on the Blue Ridge Front. II: Soil characteristics and pedogenesis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54:1367–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, R. C., Schoenberger, P. J., Anderson, M. A., Sternberg, P. D. and Tice, K. R. (1997). Morphology, porosity and hydraulic conductivity of weathered granitic bedrock and overlying soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61:516–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, P. A., Vörösmarty, C. J., Meybeck, M., Galloway, J. N., Peterson, B. J. and Boyer, E. W. (2004). Pre-industrial and contemporary fluxes of nitrogen through rivers: a global assessment based on typology. Biogeochemistry, 68:71–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, T. R., Ahuja, L. R. and Benjamin, J. G. (2003). Advances and challenges in predicting agricultural management effects on soil hydraulic properties. Geoderma, 116:3–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregorich, E. G., Carter, M. R., Angers, D. A., Monreal, C. M. and Ellert, B. H. (1995). Towards a minimum data set to assess soil organic matter quality in agricultural soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 74:367–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grimvall, A., Stålnacke, P. and Tonderski, A. (2000). Time scales of nutrient losses from land to sea: a European perspective. Ecological Engineering, 14:363–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagedorn, F., Schleppi, P., Mohn, J., Bucher, J. B. and Flühler, H. (2001). Retention and leaching of elevated N deposition in a forest ecosystem with Gleysols. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 129:119–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagedorn, F., Blaser, P. and Siegwolf, R. (2002). Elevated atmospheric CO2 and increased N deposition effects on dissolved organic carbon-clues from δ13C signature. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34:355–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagedorn, F., Spinnler, D., Bundt, M., Blaser, P. and Siegwolf, R. (2003). The input and fate of new C in two forest soils under elevated CO2. Global Change Biology, 9:862–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hahn, F. (2004). Künstliche Beschneiung im Alpenraum: Ein Hintergrundbericht. Schaan, Liechtenstein: CIPRA International. http://www.alpmedia.net/pdf/Dossier_Kunstschnee_D.pdf [verified on 24 March 2006].Google Scholar
Hajabbasi, M. A., Jalalian, A. and Karimzadeh, H. R. (1997). Deforestation effects on soil physical and chemical properties, Lordegan, Iran. Plant and Soil, 190:301–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamdan, J., Ruhana, B. and McRae, S. G. (2000). Characteristics of a regolith developed on basalt in Pahang, Malaysia. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 31:981–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanson, R. S. and Hanson, T. E. (1996). Methanotrophic bacteria. Microbiological Reviews, 60:439–71.Google ScholarPubMed
Hattori, T. (1992). Distribution and movement of Protozoa within and among soil aggregates. Bulletin of Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology, 7:69–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heimsath, A. M., Dietrich, W. E., Nishiizumi, I. and Finkel, R. C. (1997). The soil production function and landscape equilibrium. Nature, 388:358–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heimsath, A. M., Dietrich, W. E., Nishiizumi, K. and Finkel, R. C. (1999). Cosmogenic nuclides, topography, and the spatial variation of soil depth. Geomorphology, 27:151–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helms, D. (2002). Early Leaders of the Soil Survey. In Helms, D., Effland, A. B. W. and Durana, P. J. (eds.), Profiles in the History of the U.S. Soil Survey, pp. 19–64. Ames: Iowa State Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillel, D. (1998). Environmental Soil Physics. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hinkelman, E. G. (2005). Dictionary of International Trade. Novato, CA: World Trade Press.Google Scholar
Hinsinger, P. (1998). How do plant roots acquire mineral nutrients? Chemical processes involved in the rhizosphere. Advances in Agronomy, 64:225–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirano, Y., Zimmermann, S., Graf Pannatier, E. and Brunner, I. (2004). Induction of callose in roots of Norway spruce seedlings after short-term exposure to Al. Tree Physiology, 24:1270–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmgren, G. G. S. (1988). The point representation of soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52:712–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houghton, R. A., Callander, B. A. and Varney, S. K. (1992). Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hunckler, R. V. and Schaetzl, R. J. (1997). Spodosol development as affected by geomorphic aspect, Baraga County, Michigan. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61:1105–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. (ed.) (1970). Ianula: An Account of the History and Development of the Lago di Monterosi, Latium, Italy. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 60. Philadelphia PA: APS.Google Scholar
Hyvönen, R. and Huhta, V. (1989). Effects of lime, ash and nitrogen fertilizers on nematode populations in Scots pine forest soils. Pedobiologia, 33:129–43.Google Scholar
Ingersoll, R. B., Inman, R. E. and Fisher, W. R. (1974). Soils potential as a sink for atmospheric carbon monoxide. Tellus, 26:151–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IRF (2003). World Road Statistics. Geneva: International Road Federation.
Irmler, U. (2000). Changes in the fauna and its contribution to mass loss and N release during leaf litter decomposition in two deciduous forests. Pedobiologia, 44:105–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irmler, U., Wachendorf, C. and Blume, H. -P. (1997). Landscape pattern of humus forms and their soil biology. Recent Research Developments in Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1:93–108.Google Scholar
Isbell, R. F., Stephenson, P. J., Murtha, G. G. and Gillman, G. P. (1976). Red Basaltic Soils in North Queensland. I: Environment, Morphology, Particle Size Characteristics and Clay Mineralogy. II: Chemistry. Division of Soils, Technical Paper 28. Adelaide: CSIRO.Google Scholar
Isbell, R. F., Gillman, G. P., Murtha, G. G. and Jones, P. N. (1977). Brown Basaltic Soils in North Queensland. Division of Soils, Technical Paper 34. Adelaide: CSIRO.Google Scholar
ISRIC (1990). GLASOD. Global Assessment of Human Induced Soil Degradation. Wageningen: International Soil Reference and Information Center.
IUSS Working Group WRB (2006). World Reference base for Soil Resources (2006). 2nd edition. World Soil Resources Reports No.103. Rome: FAO.
Jamagne, M. and King, D. (2003). The current French approach to a soilscape typology. In Eswaran, H., Rice, T., Ahrens, R. and Stewart, B. A. (eds.) Soil Classification. A Global Desk Reference, pp. 158–78. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Jaworski, N. A., Howarth, R. W. and Hetling, L. J. (1997). Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen oxides onto the landscape contributes to coastal eutrophication in the Northeast United States. Environmental Science and Technology, 31:1995–2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaynes, W. F., Bigham, J. M., Smeck, N. E. and Shipitalo, M. J. (1989). Interstratified 1:1–2:1 mineral formation in a polygenetic soil from southern Ohio. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 53:1888–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkinson, D. S. and Rayner, J. H. (1977). The turnover of soil organic matter in some of the Rothamsted classical experiments. Soil Science, 123:298–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenny, H. (1941). Factors of Soil Formation. A System of Quantitative Pedology.New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Jenny, H. (1958). Role of the plant factor in the pedogenic functions. Ecology, 39:5–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenny, H. (1961). E.W. Hilgard and the Birth of Modern Soil Science. Pisa: Collana della Rivista ‘Agrochimica’.Google Scholar
Jenny, H. (1980). The Soil Resource. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenny, H. (1989). Hans Jenny: Soil Scientist, Teacher, and Scholar. Interviews by D. Haher and K. Stuart. University History Series. Berkeley, CA: Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California.Google Scholar
Jobbagy, E. G. and Jackson, R. B. (2004). The uplift of soil nutrients by plants: biogeochemical consequences across scales. Ecology, 85:2380–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, D. L. and Watson-Stegner, D. (1987). Evolution model of pedogenesis. Soil Science, 143:349–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, D. W. and Curtis, P. S. (2001). Effects of forest management on soil C and N storage: meta analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 140:227–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, G. F. (1916). Gumbotil, a new term for Pleistocene geology. Science, 44:637–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, L. P. and McKay, D. S. (1997). The nature and origin of rims on lunar soil grains. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61:2331–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, E. F., Chadwick, O. A. and Hilinski, T. E. (1998). The effects of plants on mineral weathering. Biogeochemistry, 42:21–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalil, M. A. K., Rasmussen, R. A. and Shearer, M. J. (1998). Effects of production and oxidation processes on methane emissions from rice fields. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103:233–9.Google Scholar
Kittrick, J. A. (1967). Gibbsite-kaolinite equilibria. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 31:314–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristufek, V., Ravasz, K. and Pizl, V. (1992). Changes in densities of bacteria and microfungi during gut transit in Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea caliginosa (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24:1499–500.Google Scholar
Kropff, M., Jones, J. and Laar, G. (2001). Advances in systems approaches for agricultural development. Agricultural Systems, 70:353–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krupenikov, I. A. (1992). History of Soil Science. Translation of 1981 Russian edition, TT89–7–0184. New Delhi: Amerind Publishing Corporation.Google Scholar
Kruse, C. W., Moldrup, P. and Iversen, N. (1996). Atmosperic methane diffusion and consumption in a forest soil. Soil Science, 161:355–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The Structure of scientific Revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kuyvenhoven, A., Bouma, J. and Keulen, H. (1998). Policy analysis for sustainable land use and food security. Agricultural Systems, 58:281–481.Google Scholar
Lal, R. (2004). Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science, 304:1623–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landa, E. R. (2004). Albert H. Munsell: a sense of color at the interface of art and science. Soil Science, 169:83–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauren, A. (1997). Physical properties of the mor layer in a Scots pine stand. II: Air permeability. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 77:635–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lay, M. G. (1992).Ways of the World.New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, B. D., Graham, R. C., Laurent, T. E. and Amrhein, C. (2004). Pedogenesis in a wetland meadow and surrounding serpentinitic landslide terrain, northern California, USA. Geoderma, 118:303–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legrand, P., Turmel, M. -C., Sauvé, S. and Courchesne, F. (2005). Speciation and bioavailability of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the rhizosphere of contaminated soils. In Huang, P. M. and Gobran, G. R. (eds.) Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements in the Rhizosphere, pp. 261–99. New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Letey, J. (1985). Relationship between soil physical properties and crop production. Advances in Soil Science, 1:277–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, H., Bouma, J., Wilding, L., Richardson, J., Kutilek, M. and Nielsen, D. R. (2004). Advances in hydropedology. Advances in Agronomy, 85:1–89.Google Scholar
Lindsay, W. L. (1979). Chemical Equilibria in Soils. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Lipiec, J., Arvidsson, J. and Murer, E. (2003). Review of modeling crop growth, movement of water and chemicals in relation to topsoil and subsoil compaction. Soil and Tillage Research, 73:15–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Logsdon, S. D. and Karlen, D. L. (2004). Bulk density as a soil quality indicator during conversion to no-tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 78:143–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mamilov, A. S. and Dilly, O. (2002). Soil microbial eco-physiology as affected by short-term variations in environmental conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34:1283–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manna, S., Courchesne, F., Roy, A. G., Turmel, M. -C. and Côté, B. 2002. Trace metals in the forest floor, litterfall patterns and topography. Proceedings of the 17th World Congress of Soil Science. Bangkok, Thailand, 1306:1–9. www.ldd.go.th/Wcss 2002/papers/1306.pdf [verified on 21 December 2005].
Maraun, M., Alphei, J., Bonkowski, M.et al. (1999). Middens of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Lumbricidae): microhabitats for micro- and mesofauna in forest soil. Pedobiologia, 43:276–86.Google Scholar
Markewitz, D. (1997). Soil without life?Nature, 389:435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marschner, H. (1995). The Mineral Nutrition in Higher Plants. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Marschner, H. and Römheld, V. (1996). Root-induced changes in the availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. In Waisel, Y., Eshel, A. and Kafkafi, U. (eds.) Plant Roots: the Hidden Half, pp. 557–79. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Martin, R. R., Naftel, S., Macfie, S., Skinner, W., Courchesne, F. and Séguin, V. (2004). Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry studies on the distribution of metals between the soil, rhizosphere and roots of Populus tremuloïdes Minchx growing in forest soil. Chemosphere, 54:1121–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mautner, M. (1997). Biological potential of extraterrestrial materials. 1: Nutrients in carbonaceous meteorites and effects on biological growth. Planetary and Space Science, 45:653–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, P. (2001). The principles of humic substances. Soil Science, 166:738–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCoy, B. J., Rolston, D. E. (1992). Convective transport of gases in moist porous media. Environmental Science and Technology, 26:2468–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDaniel, P. A. and Buol, S. W. (1991). Manganese distributions in acid soils of the North Carolina Piedmont. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55:152–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMartin, I., Henderson, P. J., Plouffe, A. and Knight, R. D. (2002). Comparison of Cu-Hg-Ni-Pb concentration in soils adjacent to anthropogenic point sources: examples from four Canadian sites. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 2:57–73.Google Scholar
McNabb, D. H., Stratsev, A. D. and Nguyen, H. (2001). Soil wetness and traffic level effects on bulk density and air-filled porosity of compacted boreal forest soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65:1238–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, G. (1935). Some suggested units of classification and mapping, particularly for East African Soils. Soil Research, 4:183–198.Google Scholar
Ming, D. W. and Henninger, D. L. (eds.) (1989). Lunar Base Agriculture: Soils for Plant Growth. Madison, WI: ASA, CSSA, and SSSA.Google Scholar
Mitchell, B. D. and Jarvis, R. A. (1956). The Soils of the Country Round Kilmarnock. Memoirs of the Soil Survey of Great Britain, Scotland. Edinburgh: HMSO.Google Scholar
Mokma, D. L. and Evans, C. V. (2000). Spodosols. In Sumner, M. E. (ed.) Handbook of Soil Science, pp. E307–E321. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Moody, L. E. and Graham, R. C. (1997). Silica-cemented terrace edges, central California coast. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61:1723–1729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, I. D., Gessler, P. E., Nielsen, G. A. and Peterson, G. A. (1993). Soil attribute prediction using terrain analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57:443–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, J. N. and Luoma, S. N. (1990). Hazardous wastes from large-scale metal extraction: a case study. Environmental Scicnce and Technology, 24: 1278–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R. V., Klingelhöfer, G., Bernhardt, B.et al. (2004). Mineralogy at Gusev Crater from the Mössbauer Spectrometer on the Spirit Rover. Science, 305:833–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murase, J. and Kimura, M. (1996). Methane production and its fate in paddy fields. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 42:187–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murty, D., Kirschbaum, M. U. F., McMurtrie, R. E. and McGilvray, H. (2002). Does conversion of forest to agricultural land change soil carbon and nitrogen? A review of the literature. Global Change Biology, 8:105–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nevo, E., Travleev, A. P., Belova, N. A.et al. (1998). Edaphic interslope and valley bottom differences at ‘Evolution Canyon’, Lower Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel, Israel. Catena, 33:241–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newnham, R. M., Lowe, D. J. and Williams, P. W. (1999). Quaternary environmental change in New Zealand: a review. Progress in Physical Geography, 23:567–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nockolds, S. R. (1954). Average chemical composition of some igneous rocks. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 65:1007–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nolan, B. T., Ruddy, B. C., Hitt, K. J. and Helsel, D. R. (1998). Nitrate in Ground Waters of the United States. Proceedings of the National Water Quality Monitoring Council. Reno, NV: NWQMC.Google Scholar
Nordt, L. C., Wilding, L. P., Hallmark, C. T. and Jacob, J. S. (1996). Stable carbon isotope composition of pedogenic carbonates and their use in studying pedogeneis. In Boutton, T. W. and Yamasaki, S. (eds.) Mass Spectrometry of Soils, pp. 133–54. New York: Marcel-Dekker.Google Scholar
Norman, J. M., Kucharik, C. J., Gower, S. T.et al. (1997). A comparison of six methods for measuring soil-surface carbon dioxide fluxes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102:28771–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norrish, K. and Rosser, H. (1983). Mineral phosphate. In Soils: An Australian Viewpoint, pp. 335–61. Melbourne: CSIRO and London: Academic Press.
Norrish, K. and Pickering, J. G. (1983). Clay minerals. In Soils: An Australian Viewpoint, pp. 281–308. Melbourne: CSIRO and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
NRCS (1996). Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey Investigations, Report No. 42. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Printing Office.
Nyborg, M., Laidlaw, J. W., Solberg, E. D. and Malhi, S. S. (1997). Denitrification and nitrous oxide emissions from a black chernozemic soil during spring thaw in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 77:153–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olowolafe, E. A. (2002). Soil parent materials and properties in two separate catchment areas on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria. GeoJournal, 56:210–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, C. G., Thompson, M. L. and Wilson, M. A. (2000). Phyllosilicates. In Sumner, M. E. (ed.) Handbook of Soil Science, pp. F77–F123. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Oxford Dictionary (1966). The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Friedrichsen, G. W. S. and Bunchfield, R. W. (eds.). London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ozima, M., Seki, K., Terada, N., Miura, Y. N., Podosek, F. A. and Shinagawa, H. (2005). Terrestrial nitrogen and noble gases in lunar soils. Nature, 436:655–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Packer, I. J. and Hamilton, G. J. (1993). Soil physical and chemical changes due to tillage and their implications for erosion and productivity. Soil and Tillage Research, 27:327–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, S. M. and Driscoll, C. T. (2002). Acidic deposition: decline in mobilization of toxic aluminium. Nature, 417:242–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paquet, H. and Millot, G. (1972). Geochemical evolution of clay minerals in the weathered products in soils of Mediterranean climate. In Serratosa, J. M. (ed.) Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, pp. 199–206. Madrid: Tipografia Artistica.Google Scholar
Parfitt, R. L., Russell, M. and Orbell, G. E. (1983). Weathering sequence of soils from volcanic ash involving allophane and halloysite, New Zealand. Geoderma, 29:41–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paton, T. R., Humphreys, G. S. and Mitchell, P. B. (1995). Soils: A New Global View. London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Paul, E. A. and Clark, F. E. (1989). Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Petersen, L. V., El-Farhan, Y. H.Moldrup, P.et al. (1996). Transient diffusion, adsorption and emission of volatile organic vapors in soils with fluctuating low water contents. Journal of Environmental Quality, 25:1054–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piccolo, A. (2002). The supramolecular structure of humic substances: a novel understanding of humus chemistry and implications in soil science. Advances in Agronomy, 75:57–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierzynski, G. M., Sims, T. and Vance, G. F. (2000). Soils and Environmental Quality, 2nd edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Pillans, B. (1998). Regolith Dating Methods. A Guide to Numerical Dating Techniques.Perth, Australia: Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Evolution and Mineral Exploration.Google Scholar
Pillans, B. (2004). Geochronology of the Australian Regolith. Geochronology, 168:117–30.Google Scholar
Pimentel, D., Harvey, C., Resosudarmo, P.et al. (1995). Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits. Science, 267:1117–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plante, A. F. and McGill, W. B. (2002). Soil aggregate dynamics and the retention of organic matter in laboratory-incubated soil with differing simulated tillage frequencies. Soil and Tillage Research, 66:79–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, D. K. and Miller, P. C. (1975). Water relations of selected species of chaparral and coastal sage communities. Ecology, 56:1118–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Post, W. M., Emmanuel, W. R., Zinke, P. J. and Stangenberger, A. G. (1982). Soil carbon pools and world life zones. Nature, 298:156–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Post, W. M., Pastor, J., Zinke, P. J. and Stangenberger, A. G. (1985). Global patterns of soil nitrogen storage. Nature, 317:613–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Postel, S. L., Daily, G. C. and Ehrlich, P. R. (1996). Human appropriation of renewable freshwater. Science, 271:785–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulet, F., Bibring, J. -P., Mustard, J. F.et al. (2005). Phyllosilicates on Mars and implications for early Martian climate. Nature, 438:623–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preston, C., Newman, R. H. and Rother, P. (1994). Using 13C CPMAS NMR to assess effects of cultivation on the organic matter of particle size fractions in a grassland soil. Soil Science, 157:20–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puget, P., Chenu, C. and Balesdent, J. (1995). Total and young organic carbon distributions in aggregates of silty cultivated soils. European Journal of Soil Science, 46:449–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pulleman, M. M., Bouma, J., Essen, E. A. and Meijles, E. W. (2000). Soil organic matter content as a function of different land use history. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64:689–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rebertus, R. A. and Buol, S. W. (1985). Intermittency of illuviation in Dystrochrepts and Hapludults from the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of North Carolina. Geoderma, 36:277–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid-Soukup, D. A. and Ulery, A. L. (2002). Smectites. In Dixon, J. B. and Schulze, D. G. (eds.) Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications, pp. 467–99. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Reimann, C., Banks, D. and Kashulina, G. (2000). Processes influencing the chemical composition of the O-horizon of podzols along a 500-km north-south profile from the coast of the Barents Sea to the Arctic Circle. Geoderma, 95:113–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rengasamy, P. and Sumner, M. E. (1998). Processes involved in sodic behaviour. In Sumner, M. E. and Naidu, R. (eds.) Sodic Soils, pp. 35–50. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Riesen, T. K., Zimmermann, S. and Blaser, P. (1999). Spatial distribution of 137Cs in forest soils of Switzerland. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 114:277–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Righi, D., Bravard, S., Chauvel, A., Ranger, J. and Robert, M. (1990). In situ study of soil processes in an Oxisol-Spodosol sequence of Amazonia (Brazil). Soil Science, 150:438–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, E., Vesterdal, L. and Gundersen, P. (2003). Changes in soil properties after afforestation of former intensively managed soils with oak and Norway spruce. Plant and Soil, 249:319–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robarts, R. and Wetzel, R. (2000). The Global Water and Nitrogen Cycles. www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/water_nitro/water_and_ nitrogen_cycles.htm [verified on 17 May 2005].Google Scholar
Robertson, I. D. M. and Eggleton, R. A. (1991). Weathering of granitic muscovite to kaolinite and halloysite and of plagioclase-derived kaolinite to halloysite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 39:113–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rojstaczer, S., Sterling, S. M. and Moore, N. J. (2001). Human appropriation of photosynthesis products. Science, 294:2549–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rudolf, J., Rothfuss, F. and Conrad, R. (1996). Flux between soil and atmosphere, vertical concentration profiles in soil, and turnover of nitric oxide. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 23:253–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruf, M. and Brunner, I. (2003). Vitality of tree fine roots: reevaluation of the tetrazolium test. Tree Physiology, 23:257–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruhe, R. V. (1975). Geomorphology: Geomorphic Processes and Surficial Geology. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.Google Scholar
Ryszkowski, L. (1975). Energy and matter economy of ecosystems. In Dobben, W. H. and Lowe-McConnel, R. H. (eds.) Unifying Concepts in Ecology. The Hague: Junk.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandaa, R. A., Torsvik, V. and Enger, O. (2001). Influence of long-term heavy-metal contamination on microbial communities in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 33:287–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanderson, E. W., Jaiteh, M., Levy, M. A., Redford, K. H., Wannebo, A. V. and Woolmer, G. (2002). The human footprint and the last of the wild. Bioscience, 52:891–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sase, T. and Hosono, M. (1996). Vegetation histories of Holocene volcanic ash soils in Japan and New Zealand: relationship between genesis of melanic volcanic ash soils and human impact. Earth Science (Chikyu Kagaku), 50:466–82.Google Scholar
Scalenghe, R., Certini, G., Corti, G., Zanini, E. and Ugolini, F. C. (2004). Segregated ice and liquefaction effects on compaction of fragipans. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68:204–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaefer, M. and Schauermann, J. (1990). The soil fauna of beech forests: comparison between a mull and a moder soil. Pedobiologia, 34:299–314.Google Scholar
Scharpenseel, H. W. (1993). Major carbon reservoirs of the pedosphere: source-sink relation, potential of 14C and 13C as supporting methodologies. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 70:431–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheinost, A. C. and Schwertmann, U. (1999). Color identification of iron oxides and hydroxysulfates: use and limitations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63:1463–71.Google Scholar
Scheu, S. (1987). The role of substrate feeding earthworms (Lumbricidae) for bioturbation in a beechwood soil. Oecologia, 72:192–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoeneberger, P. J., Wysocki, D. A., Benham, E. C. and Broderson, W. D. (1998). Fieldbook for Describing and Sampling Soils. Lincoln, NE: Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA, National Soil Survey Center.Google Scholar
Schwertmann, U. (1985). The effect of pedogenic environments on iron oxide minerals. Advances in Soil Science, 1:172–99.Google Scholar
Scow, K. M. and Johnson, C. R. (1997). Effect of sorption on biodegradation of soil pollutants. Advances in Agronomy, 58:1–56.Google Scholar
Séguin, V., Gagnon, C. and Courchesne, F. (2004). Changes in water extractable metals, pH and organic carbon concentrations at the soil-root interface of forested soils. Plant and Soil, 260:1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seiler, W. (1974). The cycle of atmospheric CO. Tellus, 26:116–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seligman, B. J. (2000). Long-term variability of pipeline: permafrost interactions in North-West Siberia. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 11:5–22.3.0.CO;2-C>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shainberg, I. (1992). Chemical and mineralogical components of crusting. In Sumner, M. E. and Stewart, B. A. (eds.) Soil Crusting Chemical and Physical Processes, pp. 33–53. Advances in Soil Science. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Sharp, W. D., Ludwig, K. R., Chadwick, O. A., Amundson, R. and Glaser, L. L. (2003). Dating fluvial terraces by 230Th/U on pedogenic carbonate, Wind River Basin, Wyoming. Quaternary Research, 59:139–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiklomanov, I. A. (2000). Appraisal and assessment of world water resources. Water International, 25:11–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shishov, L. L., Tonkonogov, V. D., Lebedeva, I. I. and Gerasimova, M. I. (2001). Russian Soil Classification System. English translation. Moscow: Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute.Google Scholar
Shoji, S. (1986). Mineral characteristics. I: Primary minerals. In Wada, K. (ed.) Ando Soils in Japan, pp. 21–40. Fukuoka, Japan: Kyushu University Press.Google Scholar
Shoji, S. and Masui, J. (1971). Opaline silica of recent volcanic ash soils in Japan. Journal of Soil Science, 22:101–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shoji, S. and Takahashi, T. (2002). Environmental and agricultural significance of volcanic ash soils. Global Environmental Research, 6:113–35.Google Scholar
Shoji, S., Nanzyo, M. and Dahlgren, R. (1993a). Volcanic Ash Soils: Genesis, Properties and Utilization. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Shoji, S., Nanzyo, M., Shirato, Y. and Ito, T. (1993b). Chemical kinetics of weathering in young Andisols from northeastern Japan using soil age normalized to 10 °C. Soil Science, 155:53–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shoji, S., Nanzyo, M., Dahlgren, R. A. and Quantin, P. (1996). Evaluation and proposed revisions of criteria for Andosols in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. Soil Science, 161:604–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonson, R. W. (1995). Airborne dust and its significance to soils. Geoderma, 65:1–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, A. (1977). Extractable sesquioxides in six Mediterranean soils developed on basalt and scoria. Journal of Soil Science, 28:125–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, A. (1987). Land evaluation of basaltic terrain under semi-arid to Mediterranean conditions in the Golan Heights. Soil Use and Management, 3:155–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, C. (1959). A History of Scientific Ideas. New York: Dorsett Press.Google Scholar
Singer, M. J. and Le, Bissonnais Y. (1998). Importance of surface sealing in the erosion of some soils from a Mediterranean climate. Geomorphology, 24:79–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, M. J. and Shainberg, I. (2004). Mineral soil surface crusts and wind and water erosion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29:1065–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, M. J. and Ugolini, F. C. (1974). Genetic history of two well-drained subalpine soils formed on complex parent material. Canadian Journal Soil Science, 54:475–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, M. J. and Warrington, D. N. (1992). Crusting in the Western United States. In Sumner, M. E. and Stewart, B. A. (eds.) Soil Crusting Chemical and Physical Processes, pp. 179–204. Advances in Soil Science. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Singh, B. and Gilkes, R. J. (1992). The electron-optical investigation of the alteration of kaolinite to halloysite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 40:212–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sitaula, B. K., Warner, W. S., Bakken, L. R.et al. (1995). An interdisciplinary approach for studying greenhouse gases at the landscape scale. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Science, 9: 189–209.Google Scholar
Six, J. and Jastrow, J. (2002). Organic matter turnover. In Lal, R. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Soil Science, pp. 936–42. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Six, J., Elliott, E. T. and Paustian, K. (2000). Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: a mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 32:2099–2103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Six, J., Connant, R. T., Paul, E. A. and Paustian, J. (2002). Stabilisation mechanisms of soil organic matter: implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant and Soil, 241:155–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smagin, A. V. (1994). Theory of soil stability. Eurasian Soil Science, 27:17–32.Google Scholar
Smagin, A. V. (1999). Functioning regimes of bio-abiotic systems. Eurasian Soil Science, 32:1277–90.Google Scholar
Smagin, A. V. (2000). The gas function of soils. Eurasian Soil Science, 33:1061–71.Google Scholar
Smagin, A. V. (2003). Theory and methods of evaluating the physical status of soils. Eurasian Soil Science, 36:301–12.Google Scholar
Smagin, A. V., Smagina, M. V., Vomperskii, S. E. and Glukhova, T. V. (2000). Generation and emission of greenhouse gases in bogs. Eurasian Soil Science, 33:959–66.Google Scholar
Smaling, E. M. A., Oenema, O. and Fresco, L. O. (eds.) (1999). Nutrient Disequilibria in Agroecosystems: Concepts and Case Studies. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.Google Scholar
Smith, D. (2003). The Atlas of War and Peace. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Smith, W. H. (1981). Air Pollution and Forests. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snakin, V. V., Prisyazhnaya, A. A. and Kovacs-Lang, E. (2001). Soil Liquid Phase Composition. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Soil Survey Staff. (1960). Soil Classification, a Comprehensive System:—7th Approximation. USDA-SCS. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.
Soil Survey Staff (1975). Soil Taxonomy. A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. Agricultural Handbook No. 436. Washington, DC: USDA.
Soil Survey Staff (1998). Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 8th edition. USDA, NRCS. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.
Soil Survey Staff (1999). Soil Taxonomy. A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. USDA, Handbook 436, 2nd edition. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.
Soil Survey Staff (2006). Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 10th edition. USDA, NRCS. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.
Soil Survey Staff (2005). National Soil Survey Characterization Data. Lincoln, NE: Soil Survey Laboratory, National Soil Survey Center, USDA, NRCS.
Sokolov, I. A. (1996). The paradigm of pedology from Dokuchaev to the present day. Eurasian Soil Science, 29:250–63.Google Scholar
Sonneveld, M. P. W. and Bouma, J. (2003). Methodological considerations for nitrogen policies in the Netherlands including a new role of research. Environmental Science and Policy, 6:501–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sonneveld, M. P. W., Bouma, J. and Veldkamp, A. (2002). Refining soil survey information for a Dutch soil series using land use history. Soil Use and Management, 18:157–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southard, R. J. and Buol, S. W. (1988). Subsoil blocky structure formation in some North Carolina Paleudults and Paleaquults. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52:1069–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sposito, G. (1981). The Thermodynamics of Soil Solutions. Oxford/New York: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Sposito, G., Schultz, A., Gersper, P. and Amundson, R. (1992). Hans Jenny. In In Memoriam, pp. 79–81. Berkeley, CA: Academic Senate, The University of California.Google Scholar
State Committee of the Russian Federation on Environmental Protection (1997). National Report on the State of the Environment in the Russian Federation in 1996. Moscow (in Russian).
Steele, K. (ed.) (1995). Animal Waste and the Land-Water Interface. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Steen, I. (1998). Phosphorus availability in the 21st century: management of a non-renewable resource. Phosphorus and Potassium, 217:25–31. www.nhm.ac.uk/mineralogy/phos/p&k217/steen.htm [verified on 15 May 2005].Google Scholar
Stevenson, F. J. (1994). Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Stigliani, W. M. (1991). Chemical Time Bombs: Definitions, Concepts and Examples. Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.Google Scholar
Stremski, M. (1975). Ideas Underlying Soil Systematics. Translation of 1971 Polish edition. TT73–54013. Warsaw: Foreign Scientific Publisher.Google Scholar
Suarez, D. L. (1987). Prediction of pH errors in soil-water extractors due to degassing. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 51:64–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundquist, B. (2004). The Earth's Carrying Capacity. Some Literature Reviews. Edition 1. http://home.alltel.net/bsundquist1/ [verified on 7 April 2005].Google Scholar
Suzuki, T., Kondo, H., Yaguchi, K., Maki, T. and Suga, T. (1998). Estimation of leachability and persistence of pesticides at golf courses from point-source monitoring and model to predict pesticide leaching to groundwater. Environmental Science and Technology, 32:920–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahashi, T. and Shoji, S. (1996). Active aluminum status in surface horizons showing continuous climosequence of volcanic ash-derived soils in Towada district, northeastern Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 42:113–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahashi, T., Nanzyo, M. and Shoji, S. (2004). Proposed revisions to the diagnostic criteria for andic and vitric horizons and qualifiers of Andosols in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 50:431–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tandarich, J. P. and Sprecher, S. W. (1994). The intellectual background for the factors of soil formation. In Amundson, R., Harden, J. and Singer, M. (eds.) Factors of Soil Formation: A Fiftieth Anniversary Retrospective, pp. 1–13. Special Publication No. 33. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Tandarich, J. P., Darmody, R. G., Follmer, L. R. and Johnson, D. L. (2002). Historical development of soil and weathering profile concepts from Europe to the United States of America. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66:335–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tansley, A. G. (1935). The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms. Ecology, 16:284–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tardy, Y., Bocquier, G., Paquet, H. and Millot, G. (1973). Formation of clay from granite and its distribution in relation to climate and topography. Geoderma, 10:271–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, M., Zhang, H., Kazemi, M. and Sandor, J. (1989). Contribution of organic matter to cation exchange capacity and specific surface area of fractionated soil materials. Soil Science, 148:250–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tiller, K. (1983). Micronutrients. In Soils: An Australian Viewpoint, pp. 365–87. Melbourne: CSIRO and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Tilman, D. (1987). Secondary succession and the pattern of plant dominance along experimental nitrogen gradients. Ecological Monographs, 57:189–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilman, D., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Naylor, R. and Polasky, S. (2002). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418:671–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toop, E. and Pattey, E. (1997). Soils as sources and sinks for atmospheric methane. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 77:167–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trumbore, S. E., Chadwick, O. A. and Amundson, R. (1996). Rapid exchange between soil carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide driven by temperature change. Science, 272:393–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tutzing Project ‘Time Ecology’ (1998). Preserving Soils for Life. Proposal for a Convention on Sustainable use of Soils (Soil Convention). Munich: Schriftenreihe zur politischen Ökologie.
Ugolini, F. C. (2005). Dynamic pedology. In Hillel, D. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, Vol. 1, pp. 156–65. Oxford: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Ugolini, F. C. and Anderson, D. M. (1973). Ionic migration and weathering in frozen Antarctic soils. Soil Science, 115: 461–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ugolini, F. C. and Dahlgren, R. A. (1987). The mechanism of podzolization as revealed by soil solution studies. In Righi, D. and Chauvel, A. (eds.) Podzols et Podzolisation, pp. 195–203. Paris: AFES – INRA.Google Scholar
Ugolini, F. C. and Dahlgren, R. A. (2002). Soil development in volcanic ash. Global Environmental Research, 6:69–81.Google Scholar
Ugolini, F. C. and Edmonds, R. L. (1983). Soil biology. In Wilding, L. P., Smeck, N. E. and Small, G. F. (eds.) Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy. I: Concepts and Interactions, pp. 193–231. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Ugolini, F. C. and Spaltenstein, H. (1992). The pedosphere. In Charlson, R., Orions, G., Butcher, S. and Wolf, G. (eds.) Global Biogeochemical Cycles, pp. 85–153. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ugolini, F. C., Dawson, H. C. and Zachara, J. (1977). Direct evidence of particle migration in the soil solution of a Podzol. Science, 198:603–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ugolini, F. C., Dahlgren, R. A., Shoji, S. and Ito, T. (1988). Andosolization and podzolization as revealed by soil solution studies, South-Hakkoda, Northeastern Japan. Soil Science, 145:111–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UN-ECE (1998). Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. Protocol on Heavy Metals. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. www.unece.org/env/lrtap/welcome.html [verified on 21 December 2005].
United States Geological Survey (1995). Chesapeake Bay: Measuring Pollution Reduction. www.water.usgs.gov/wid/html/chesbay.html [verified on 15 May 2005].
U.S. Census Bureau (2005a). Historical Estimates of World Population. www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis.html [verified on 24 March 2006].
U.S. Census Bureau (2005b). Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950–2050. www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html [verified on 24 March 2006].
Akker, J. J. H., Arviddsson, J. and Horn, R. (2003). Introduction to the special issue on experiences with the impact and prevention of subsoil compaction in the European Union. Soil and Tillage Research, 73:1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van, Straalen N. M. and Verhoef, H. A. (1997). The development of bioindicator system for soil acidity based on arthropod pH preferences. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34:217–32.Google Scholar
Vegter, J. J., Bie, P. and Dop, H. (1988). Distributional ecology of forest floor Collembola (Entomobryidae) in the Netherlands. Pedobiologia, 31:65–73.Google Scholar
Veldkamp, A. and Lambin, E. (2001). Predicting land-use change. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 85:1–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vepraskas, M. J. (1988). Bulk density values diagnostic of restricted root growth in coarse textured soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52:1117–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vepraskas, M. J. (2001). Morphological features of seasonally reduced soils. In Richardson, J. L. and Vepraskas, M. J. (eds.) Wetland Soils: Genesis, Hydrology, Landscapes, and Classification, pp. 163–82. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Vitousek, P. M. (2004). Nutrient Cycling and Limitation. Hawai'i as a Model System.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Vitousek, P. M., Mooney, H. A., Lubchenco, J. and Mellilo, J. M. (1997a). Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science, 277:494–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitousek, P. M., Aber, J., Howarth, R. W.et al. (1997b). Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: causes and consequences. Ecological Applications, 7:737–50.Google Scholar
Volkoff, B., Melfi, A. J. and Cerri, C. C. (1979). Les sols sur roches cristallines formés sous climat sub-tropical humide au Brésil. Cahiers ORSTOM, Pedologie, 17:163–83.Google Scholar
Wada, K., Kakuto, Y., Wilson, M. A. and Hanna, J. V. (1991). The chemical composition and structure of a 14 Å intergradient mineral in a Korean Ultisol. Clay Minerals, 26:449–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, D., Pfeiffer, E. -M. and Bock, E. (1999). Methane production in aerated marshland and model soils: effects of microflora and soil texture. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31:999–1006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wardle, D. A., Bardgett, R. D., Klironomos, J. N.et al. (2004). Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota. Science, 304:1629–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warscheid, Th., Oelting, M. and Krumbein, W. E. (1991). Physico-chemical aspects of biodeterioration processes on rocks with special regard to organic pollutants. International Biodeterioration, 28:37–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, T., Sawada, Y., Russell, J. D., McHardy, W. J. and Wilson, M. J. (1992). The conversion of montmorillonite to interstratified halloysite-smectite by weathering in the Omi acid clay deposit. Clay Minerals, 27:159–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wauthy, G., Mundon-Izay, N. and Dufrene, M. (1989). Geographic ecology of soil oribatid mites in deciduous forest. Pedobiologia, 33:399–416.Google Scholar
Weaver, C. E. (1989). Clays, Muds and Shales. Developments in Sedimentology 44. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Wedepohl, K. H. (ed.) (1978). Handbook of Geochemistry. Berlin: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Weitkamp, W. A., Graham, R. C., Anderson, M. A. and Amrhein, C. (1996). Pedogenesis of a vernal pool Entisol-Alfisol-Vertisol catena in southern California. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60:316–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenzel, W. W., Sletten, R. S., Brandstetter, A., Wieshammer, A. and Stingeder, G. (1997). Adsorption of trace metals by tension lysimeters: nylon membrane vs. porous ceramic cup. Journal of Environmental Quality, 26:1430–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, G. N. and Dixon, J. B. (2002). Kaolin-Serpentine minerals. In Dixon, J. B. and Schulze, D. G. (eds.) Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications, pp. 389–414. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Whittaker, R. H. (1967). Gradient analysis of vegetation. Biological Reviews, 42:207–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, E. G. (1959). Influence of parent materials and drainage conditions on soil phosphorus relationships. Agrochimica, 3:279–309.Google Scholar
Wilson, M. J. (1976). Exchange properties and mineralogy of some soils derived from lavas of Lower Old Red Sandstone (Devonian) age.II: Mineralogy. Geoderma, 15:289–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, M. J. and Logan, J. (1976). Exchange properties and mineralogy of some soils derived from lavas of Lower Old Red Sandstone (Devonian) age. I: Exchangeable cations. Geoderma, 15:273–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winteringham, F. P. W. (1989). Radioactive fallout in soils, crops and food. FAO Soils Bulletin 61.Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Wipf, S., Rixen, C., Fisher, M., Schmid, B. and Stoeckli, V. (2005). Effects of ski piste preparation on alpine vegetation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42:306–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolt, J. (1994). Soil Solution Chemistry: Applications to Environmental Science and Agriculture.New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Wood, Y. A., Graham, R. C. and Wells, S. G. (2005). Surface control of desert pavement pedologic process and landscape function, Cima Volcanic Field. Catena, 59:205–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Watch (1994). Back on Track: The Global Rail Revival. Worldwatch Paper 118. Washington, DC: WorldWatch.
Wosten, J. H. M., Pachepsky, Ya. A. and Rawls, W. J. (2001). Pedotransfer functions: bridging the gap between available basic soil data and missing soil hydraulic characteristics. Journal of Hydrology, 251:123–50. www.nwqmc.org/98proceedings/Papers/63-NOLAN.htm [verified on 15 May 2005].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WRF (2000). World Resources 2000–2001. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
Yaalon, D. H. and Berkowicz, S. (eds.) (1997). History of Soil Science: International Perspectives. Advances in Geoecology 29. Reiskirchen: Catena Verlag.Google Scholar
Yang, S. Y. N., Connell, D. W., and Hawker, D. W. and Kayal, S. I. (1991). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air, soil and vegetation in the vicinity of an urban roadway. The Science of the Total Environment, 102:229–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zabowski, D. and Ugolini, F. C. (1990). Lysimeter and centrifuge soil solutions: seasonal differences between methods. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54:1130–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zabowski, D. and Ugolini, F. C. (1992). Seasonality in the mineral stability of a subalpine Spodosol. Soil Science, 154:497–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmer, M. and Topp, W. (1998). Microorganisms and cellulose digestion in the gut of the woodlouse Porcellio scaber. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 24:1397–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Edited by Giacomo Certini, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy
  • Riccardo Scalenghe, Università degli Studi, Palermo, Italy
  • Book: Soils: Basic Concepts and Future Challenges
  • Online publication: 11 November 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535802.021
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Edited by Giacomo Certini, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy
  • Riccardo Scalenghe, Università degli Studi, Palermo, Italy
  • Book: Soils: Basic Concepts and Future Challenges
  • Online publication: 11 November 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535802.021
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Edited by Giacomo Certini, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy
  • Riccardo Scalenghe, Università degli Studi, Palermo, Italy
  • Book: Soils: Basic Concepts and Future Challenges
  • Online publication: 11 November 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535802.021
Available formats
×