Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Figures and Tables
- Notes on Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction: Towards Freedom, Empowerment, and Agency: An Introduction to Queering Criminology in Theory and Praxis: Reimagining Justice in the Criminal Legal System and Beyond
- 1 Gender-and Sexuality-Based Violence among LGBTQ People: An Empirical Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory
- 2 Queer Pathways
- 3 Queer Criminology and the Destabilization of Child Sexual Abuse
- 4 Queer(y)ing the Experiences of LGBTQ Workers in Criminal Processing Systems
- 5 ‘PREA Is a Joke’: A Case Study of How Trans PREA Standards Are(n’t) Enforced
- 6 Queerly Navigating the System: Trans* Experiences Under State Surveillance
- 7 Sex-Gender Defining Laws, Birth Certificates, and Identity
- 8 Effects of Intimate Partner Violence in the LGBTQ Community: A Systematic Review
- 9 Health Covariates of Intimate Partner Violence in a National Transgender Sample
- 10 Serving Transgender, Gender Nonconforming, and Intersex Youth in Alameda County’s Juvenile Hall
- 11 Liberating Black Youth across the Gender Spectrum Through the Deconstruction of the White Femininity/Black Masculinity Duality
- 12 ‘I Thought They Were Supposed to Be on My Side’: What Jane Doe’s Experience Teaches Us about Institutional Harm against Trans Youth
- 13 The Role of Adolescent Friendship Networks in Queer Youth’s Delinquency
- 14 ‘At the Very Least’: Politics and Praxis of Bail Fund Organizers and the Potential for Queer Liberation
- 15 A Conspiracy
- 16 LGBTQ+ Homelessness: Resource Obtainment and Issues with Shelters
- 17 The Color of Queer Theory in Social Work and Criminology Practice: A World without Empathy
- 18 Camouflaged: Tackling the Invisibility of LGBTQ+ Veterans When Accessing Care
- 19 Barriers to Reporting, Barriers to Services: Challenges for Transgender Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Victimization
- Conclusion: What Does It Mean to Do Justice? Current and Future Directions in Queer Criminological Research and Practice
- Index
19 - Barriers to Reporting, Barriers to Services: Challenges for Transgender Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Victimization
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 September 2022
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Figures and Tables
- Notes on Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction: Towards Freedom, Empowerment, and Agency: An Introduction to Queering Criminology in Theory and Praxis: Reimagining Justice in the Criminal Legal System and Beyond
- 1 Gender-and Sexuality-Based Violence among LGBTQ People: An Empirical Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory
- 2 Queer Pathways
- 3 Queer Criminology and the Destabilization of Child Sexual Abuse
- 4 Queer(y)ing the Experiences of LGBTQ Workers in Criminal Processing Systems
- 5 ‘PREA Is a Joke’: A Case Study of How Trans PREA Standards Are(n’t) Enforced
- 6 Queerly Navigating the System: Trans* Experiences Under State Surveillance
- 7 Sex-Gender Defining Laws, Birth Certificates, and Identity
- 8 Effects of Intimate Partner Violence in the LGBTQ Community: A Systematic Review
- 9 Health Covariates of Intimate Partner Violence in a National Transgender Sample
- 10 Serving Transgender, Gender Nonconforming, and Intersex Youth in Alameda County’s Juvenile Hall
- 11 Liberating Black Youth across the Gender Spectrum Through the Deconstruction of the White Femininity/Black Masculinity Duality
- 12 ‘I Thought They Were Supposed to Be on My Side’: What Jane Doe’s Experience Teaches Us about Institutional Harm against Trans Youth
- 13 The Role of Adolescent Friendship Networks in Queer Youth’s Delinquency
- 14 ‘At the Very Least’: Politics and Praxis of Bail Fund Organizers and the Potential for Queer Liberation
- 15 A Conspiracy
- 16 LGBTQ+ Homelessness: Resource Obtainment and Issues with Shelters
- 17 The Color of Queer Theory in Social Work and Criminology Practice: A World without Empathy
- 18 Camouflaged: Tackling the Invisibility of LGBTQ+ Veterans When Accessing Care
- 19 Barriers to Reporting, Barriers to Services: Challenges for Transgender Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Victimization
- Conclusion: What Does It Mean to Do Justice? Current and Future Directions in Queer Criminological Research and Practice
- Index
Summary
On July 30, 2019, 22-year-old Tracy Williams was found stabbed to death in Houston, Texas. Shortly after, her boyfriend was charged in connection with her murder (Tripathi, 2020). According to her friends, Tracy was an artistic woman who was experiencing homelessness at the time of her death. Tracy's tragic story is just one of countless examples of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence perpetrated against members of the transgender community. In this chapter, we provide a non-exhaustive overview of the barriers transgender individuals face when seeking help for IPV and sexual violence. We also address the importance of including transgender women in initiatives to protect and support survivors.
Sexual violence is defined as ‘sexual abuse occurring at any time in the life span, including instances of sexual harassment’ (Gentlewarrior, 2009, p. 1). While violence does substantial short-and long-term damage to survivors’ physical and mental well-being (WHO, n.d., para. 1), trans survivors of physical and/or sexual victimization are significantly more likely to report attempting suicide, sometimes multiple times (Testa et al., 2012). Relatedly, IPV can be defined as ‘physical violence, sexual violence, stalking, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse’ and is a worldwide public health issue (CDC, 2018, para. 1). Survivors may experience physical injury, physical health issues, and mental health issues such as depression as a result of victimization (CDC, 2019). Survivors of IPV also pay a high economic price for their victimization: due to abuse, survivors often work less, and they may spend money in order to receive mental and physical healthcare (Peterson et al., 2018). Importantly, for people experiencing IPV and/or sexual abuse, the decision to leave the situation can be dangerous and difficult. Intimate partner homicide victims are most likely to be killed as they attempt to flee (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, n.d.), and many IPV survivors return to their abusers several times before severing ties completely (National Domestic Violence Hotline, 2013).
For the purposes of this chapter, we define transgender (trans) individuals as ‘people whose gender identity and/or expression is different from cultural expectations based on the sex they were assigned at birth’ (HRC, n.d., para. 5). We also include nonbinary individuals under the ‘transgender umbrella’ (see Davidson, 2007).
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- Queering Criminology in Theory and PraxisReimagining Justice in the Criminal Legal System and Beyond, pp. 275 - 288Publisher: Bristol University PressPrint publication year: 2022
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