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F - Quantum Electromagnetic Field

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2023

Claude Fabre
With contributions by
Rodrigo G. Cortiñas
Claude Fabre
Affiliation:
Sorbonne Université, Paris
Rodrigo G. Cortiñas
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
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Summary

Appendix F: classical, then quantum electromagnetic field. Complex field observable and single-photon field amplitude. Vacuum and Fock states. Single photon state and its polarization properties, quadrature operators for a single-mode field, and its description in phase–space. Heisenberg inequality for rotated quadratures. Vacuum and coherent states have unavoidable phase-independent quantum fluctuations (standard quantum noise). Squeezed states have reduced fluctuations in one of the quadratures. Finally, the appendix considers the measurement of photon coincidence and their characterizatioin in terms of the intensity correlation function g2, and, in particular, the photon bunching effect in thermal states and antibunching effect in single and twin photon states.

Keywords

electromagnetic field modesFock statesfield quadraturesvacuum fluctuations coherent statestandard quantum noisesqueezed vacuum statephoton coincidencesHanbury-Brown Twiss effectHong–Ou–Mandel effect
Type
Chapter
Information
Quantum Processes and Measurement
Theory and Experiment
 , pp. 231 - 239
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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