Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T19:57:54.620Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

IV - New Perspectives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 October 2021

Edited by
Mario L. Small ,
Brea L. Perry ,
Bernice Pescosolido  and
Edward B. Smith
Mario L. Small
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Brea L. Perry
Affiliation:
Indiana University, Bloomington
Bernice Pescosolido
Affiliation:
Indiana University, Bloomington
Edward B. Smith
Affiliation:
Northwestern University, Illinois
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Personal Networks
Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis
 , pp. 553 - 733
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Alba, Joseph W., and Hasher, Lynn. 1983. “Is Memory Schematic?” Psychological Bulletin” 93(2): 203.Google Scholar
Albert, Réka, and Barabási, Albert László. 2002. “Statistical Mechanics of Complex Networks.” Reviews of Modern Physics 74(1): 47–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barabási, Albert László, and Albert, Reka. 1999. “Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks.” Science 286(5439): 509–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frederic Charles, Bartlett. 1932. Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Berger, Jonah, and Heath, Chip. 2008. “Who Drives Divergence? Identity Signaling, Outgroup Dissimilarity, and the Abandonment of Cultural Tastes.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95(3): 593–607.Google Scholar
Bernard, H. Russel., Killworth, Peter D, and Sailer, Lee. 1982. “Informant Accuracy in Social-Network Data V. An Experimental Attempt to Predict Actual Communication from Recall Data.” Social Science Research 11(1): 30–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, Charles F., and Brockett, Daniel R.. 1987. “A Social Context-Personality Index Theory of Memory for Acquaintances.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52(6): 1110–21.Google Scholar
Bond, Charles F., Jones, Rosalind L., and Weintraub, Daniel L.. 1985. “On the Unconstrained Recall of Acquaintances: A Sampling-Traversal Model.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49(2): 327–37.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P., Carley, Kathleen M., and Krackhardt, David. 2006. “On the Robustness of Centrality Measures under Conditions of Imperfect Data.” Social Networks 28(2): 124–36.Google Scholar
Bousfield, W. A., and Sedgewick, C. H. W.. 1944. “An Analysis of Sequences of Restricted Associative Responses.” Journal of General Psychology 30(2): 149–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, Timothy F., and Oliva, Aude. 2008. “Statistical Learning Using Real-World Scenes.” Psychological Science 19(7): 678–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brashears, Matthew E. 2013. “Humans Use Compression Heuristics to Improve the Recall of Social Networks.” Scientific Reports 3(1513): 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brashears, Matthew E., and Quintane, Eric. 2015. “The Microstructures of Network Recall: How Social Networks Are Encoded and Represented in Human Memory.” Social Networks 41: 113–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brashears, Matthew E., and Brashears, Laura Aufderheide. 2016. “The Enemy of My Friend Is Easy to Remember: Balance as a Compression Heuristic,” pp. 1–31 in Advances in Group Processes, edited by Thye, S and Lawler, E. Bingley: Emerald Insight.Google Scholar
Brashears, Matthew E., and Laura Aufderheide, Brashears, . 2020. “Compression Heuristics, Social Networks, and the Evolution of Human Intelligence.” In Network Science in Cognitive Psychology (Frontiers of Cognitive Psychology), edited by Vitevitch, Michael S. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Brewer, Devon D. 1995a. “Cognitive Indicators of Knowledge in Semantic Domains.” Journal of Quantitative Anthropology 5(2): 107–28.Google Scholar
Brewer, Devon D. 1995b. “The Social Structural Basis of the Organization of Persons in Memory.” Human Nature 6(4): 379–403.Google Scholar
Brewer, Devon D. 1997. “No Associative Biases in the First Name Cued Recall Procedure for Eliciting Personal Networks.” Social Networks 19(4): 345–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, Devon D., Rinaldi, Giovanni, Mogoutov, Andrei, and Valente, Thomas W.. 2005. “A Quantitative Review of Associative Patterns in the Recall of Persons.” Journal of Social Structure 6(1).Google Scholar
Brewer, William F., and Nakamura, Glenn V.. 1984. “The Nature and Functions of Schemas” in Handbook of Social Cognition, edited by Wyer, R. S. and Srull, T. K.. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Broido, Anna D., and Clauset, Aaron. 2019. “Scale-Free Networks Are Rare.” Nature Communications 10(1): 1017.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. 2009. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S., and Bittner, Wm. M.. 1981. “A Note on Inferences Regarding Network Subgroups.” Social Networks 3(1): 71–88.Google Scholar
Carlston, Donal E., and Skowronski, John J.. 1994. “Savings in the Relearning of Trait Information as Evidence for Spontaneous Inference Generation.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66(5): 840–56.Google Scholar
Casciaro, Tiziana, Carley, Kathleen M., and Krackhardt, David. 1999. “Positive Affectivity and Accuracy in Social Network Perception.” Motivation and Emotion 23(4): 285–305.Google Scholar
Chambers, Kyle E., Onishi, Kristine H., and Fisher, Cynthia. 2003. “Infants Learn Phonotactic Regularities from Brief Auditory Experience.” Cognition 87(2): B69–B77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chase, William G., and Simon, Herbert A.. 1973. “Perception in Chess.” Cognitive Psychology 4(1): 55–81.Google Scholar
Chun, Marvin M., and Jiang, Yuhong. 1999. “Top-Down Attentional Guidance Based on Implicit Learning of Visual Covariation.” Psychological Science 10(4): 360–5.Google Scholar
Conway, Christopher M., and Christiansen, Morten H.. 2005. “Modality-Constrained Statistical Learning of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Sequences.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31(1): 24–39.Google ScholarPubMed
Crockett, Walter H. 1982. “Balance, Agreement, and Positivity in the Cognition of Small Social Structures.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 15: 1–57.Google Scholar
Ebel, Holger, Mielsch, Lutz-Ingo, and Bornholdt, Stefan. 2002. “Scale-Free Topology of e-Mail Networks.” Physical Review E 66(3): 035103.Google Scholar
Fiedler, Klaus. 1982. “Causal Schemata: Review and Criticism of Research on a Popular Construct.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42(6): 1001–13.Google Scholar
Fiori, Katherine. L., Smith, Jacqui, and Antonucci, Toni C.. 2007. “Social Network Types Among Older Adults: A Multidimensional Approach.” The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 62(6): P322–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fischer, Claude S., Jackson, Robert Max, Stueve, C. Ann, Gerson, Kathleen, McCallister Jones, Lynne, and Baldassare, Mark. 1977. Networks and Places: Social Relations in the Urban Setting. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Fiser, József, and Aslin, Richard N.. 2001. “Unsupervised Statistical Learning of Higher-Order Spatial Structures from Visual Scenes.” Psychological Science 12(6): 499–504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiske, Alan Page. 1995. “Social Schemata for Remembering People: Relationships and Person Attributes in Free Recall of Acquaintances.” Journal of Quantitative Anthropology 5: 305–24.Google Scholar
Fodor, Jerry A., and Pylyshyn, Zenon W.. 1988. “Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture: A Critical Analysis.” Cognition 28(1–2): 3–71.Google Scholar
Freeman, Linton C. 1992. “Filling in the Blanks: A Theory of Cognitive Categories and the Structure of Social Affiliation.” Social Psychology Quarterly 55(2): 118–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, Linton C., Kimball Romney, A., and Freeman, Sue C.. 1987. “Cognitive Structure and Informant Accuracy.” American Anthropologist 89(2): 310–25.Google Scholar
Gebhart, Andrea L., Aslin, Richard N., and Newport, Elissa L.. 2009. “Changing Structures in Midstream: Learning Along the Statistical Garden Path.” Cognitive Science 33(6): 1087–116.Google Scholar
Gershman, Samuel J., Pouncy, Hillard Thomas, and Gweon, Hyowon. 2017. “Learning the Structure of Social Influence.” Cognitive Science 41: 545–75.Google Scholar
Gobet, Fernand, and Simon, Herbert A.. 1996. “Recall of Rapidly Presented Random Chess Positions Is a Function of Skill.” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 3(2):159–63.Google Scholar
Graesser, Arthur, and Mandler, George. 1978. “Limited Processing Capacity Constrains the Storage of Unrelated Sets of Words and Retrieval from Natural Categories.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 4(1): 86–100.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78(6): 1360–80.Google Scholar
Griffiths, Thomas L., Steyvers, Mark, and Tenenbaum, Joshua B.. 2007. “Topics in Semantic Representation.” Psychological Review 114(2): 211–44.Google Scholar
Gruenewald, Paul J., and Lockhead, Gregory R.. 1980. “The Free Recall of Category Examples.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 6(3): 225–40.Google Scholar
Hamilton, David L., Leirer, Von O., and Katz, Lawrence B.. 1979. “A Clustering Analysis of Organizational Processes in Impression Formation.” Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Harris, Richard J., and Monaco, Gregory E.. 1978. “Psychology of Pragmatic Implication: Information Processing between the Lines.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 107(1): 1–22.Google Scholar
Hill, R. A., and Dunbar, R. I. M.. 2003. “Social Network Size in Humans.” Human Nature 14(1): 53–72.Google Scholar
Hintzman, Douglas L. 1986. “‘Schema Abstraction’ in a Multiple-Trace Memory Model.” Psychological Review 93(4): 411–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, John H., Holyoak, Keith J., Nisbett, Richard E., and Thagard, Paul R.. 1989. Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Holyoak, Keith J. 2008. “Induction as Model Selection.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105(31): 10637–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Janicik, Gregory A., and Larrick, Richard P.. 2005. “Social Network Schemas and the Learning of Incomplete Networks.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88(2): 348–64.Google Scholar
Karuza, Elisabeth A., Thompson-Schill, Sharon L., and Bassett, Danielle S.. 2016. “Local Patterns to Global Architectures: Influences of Network Topology on Human Learning.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 20(8): 629–40.Google Scholar
Kelley, Harold H. 1967. “Attribution Theory in Social Psychology.” In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, vol. 15, edited by Levine, D.. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Kemp, Charles, and Tenenbaum, Joshua B.. 2008. “The Discovery of Structural Form.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105(31): 10687–92.Google ScholarPubMed
Kidd, Celeste, Piantadosi, Steven T., and Aslin, Richard N.. 2012. “The Goldilocks Effect: Human Infants Allocate Attention to Visual Sequences That Are Neither Too Simple Nor Too Complex” edited by A. Rodriguez-Fornells. PLoS ONE 7(5): e36399.Google Scholar
Kim, Robyn, Seitz, Aaron, Feenstra, Heather, and Shams, Ladan. 2009. “Testing Assumptions of Statistical Learning: Is It Long-Term and Implicit?” Neuroscience Letters 461(2): 145–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimchi, Ruth. 2003. “Relative Dominance of Holistic and Component Properties in the Perceptual Organization of Visual Objects,” pp. 235–68 in Perception of Faces, Objects, and Scenes: Analytic and Holistic Processes, edited by Peterson, M. A. and Rhodes., G. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kirkham, Natasha Z., Slemmer, Jonathan A., and Johnson, Scott P.. 2002. “Visual Statistical Learning in Infancy: Evidence for a Domain General Learning Mechanism.” Cognition 83(2): B35–42.Google Scholar
Knox, Hannah, Savage, Mike, and Harvey, Penny. 2006. “Social Networks and the Study of Relations: Networks as Method, Metaphor and Form.” Economy and Society 35(1): 113–40.Google Scholar
Krackhardt, David. 1987. “Cognitive Social Structures.” Social Networks 9: 109–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krackhardt, David. 1996. “Comment on Burt and Knez’s Third-Party Effects on Trust.” Rationality and Society 8(1): 111–20.Google Scholar
Krackhardt, David. 2014. “A Preliminary Look at Accuracy in Egonets.” Research in the Sociology of Organizations 40(2014): 277–93.Google Scholar
Krackhardt, David, and Kilduff, Martin. 1999. “Whether Close or Far: Social Distance Effects on Perceived Balance in Friendship Networks.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76(5): 770–82.Google Scholar
Kumbasar, , Ece, A. Rommey, Kimball, and Batchelder, William H.. 1994. “Systematic Biases in Social Perception.” American Journal of Sociology 100(2): 477–505.Google Scholar
Lansu, Tessa A. M., Cillessen, Antonius H. N, and Karremans, Johan C. 2014. “Adolescents’ Selective Visual Attention for High-Status Peers: The Role of Perceiver Status and Gender.” Child Development 85(2): 421–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, Nan. 1999. “Social Networks and Status Attainment.” Annual Review of Sociology 25(1): 467–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markman, Arthur B. 1999. Knowledge Representation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.Google Scholar
Medin, Douglas L., Lynch, Elizabeth B., Coley, John D., and Atran, Scott. 1997. “Categorization and Reasoning among Tree Experts: Do All Roads Lead to Rome?” Cognitive Psychology 32(1): 49–96.Google Scholar
Messinger, A., Squire, L. R., Zola, S. M., and Albright, T. D.. 2001. “Neuronal Representations of Stimulus Associations Develop in the Temporal Lobe during Learning.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98(21): 12239–44.Google Scholar
Minsky, Marvin. 1975. “A Framework for Representing Knowledge.” in The Psychology of Computer Vision, edited by Winston., P. H. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Newell, Allen, and Simon, Herbert Alexander. 1972. Human Problem Solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Newman, M. E. J., and Park, Juyong. 2003. “Why Social Networks Are Different from Other Types of Networks.” Physical Review E 68(3): 036122.Google Scholar
Onnis, Luca, Waterfall, Heidi R., and Edelman, Shimon. 2008. “Learn Locally, Act Globally: Learning Language from Variation Set Cues.” Cognition 109(3): 423–30.Google Scholar
Osada, Takahiro, Adachi, Yusuke, Kimura, Hiroko M., and Miyashita, Yasushi. 2008. “Towards Understanding of the Cortical Network Underlying Associative Memory.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363(1500): 2187–99.Google Scholar
Paivio, Allan. 1969. “Mental Imagery in Associative Learning and Memory.” Psychological Review 76(3): 241–63.Google Scholar
Parkinson, Carolyn, Kleinbaum, Adam M., and Wheatley, Thalia. 2017. “Spontaneous Neural Encoding of Social Network Position.” Nature Human Behaviour 1(5): 72.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice A., and Wright, Eric R.. 2004. “The View from Two Worlds: The Convergence of Social Network Reports between Mental Health Clients and Their Ties.” Social Science and Medicine 58(9): 1795–806.Google Scholar
Prentice, Deborah A. 1990. “Familiarity and Differences in Self- and Other-Representations.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59(3): 369–83.Google Scholar
Roenker, Daniel L., Thompson, Charles P., and Brown, Sam C.. 1971. “Comparison of Measures for the Estimation of Clustering in Free Recall.” Psychological Bulletin 76(1): 45–8.Google Scholar
Rumelhart, David E., and McClelland, James L.. 1986. Parallel Distributed Processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Rumelhart, David E., and Ortony, Andrew. 1978. “The Representation of Knowledge in Memory,” pp. 99–135 in Schooling and the Acquisition of Knowledge, edited by Anderson, R. C., Spiro, R. J., and Montague, W. E.. Oxford: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Saariluoma, Pertti. 1989. “Chess Players’ Recall of Auditorily Presented Chess Positions.” European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 1(4): 309–20.Google Scholar
Saffran, Jenny R., Aslin, Richard N., and Newport, Elissa L.. 1996. “Statistical Learning by 8-Month-Old Infants.” Science 274(5294): 1926–8.Google Scholar
Saffran, Jenny R., and Wilson, Diana P.. 2003. “From Syllables to Syntax: Multilevel Statistical Learning by 12‐Month‐Old Infants.” Infancy 4(2): 273–84.Google Scholar
Schank, Roger C., and Abelson, Robert P.. 1977. Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding: An Inquiry into Human Knowledge Structures. Oxford: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Schapiro, Anna C., and Turk-Browne, Nicholas B.. 2015. “Statistical Learning,” pp. 501–6 in Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference, edited by Toga, A. W.. Cambridge, MA: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Schapiro, Anna C., Gregory, Emma, Landau, Barbara, McCloskey, Michael, and Turk-Browne, Nicholas B.. 2014. “The Necessity of the Medial Temporal Lobe for Statistical Learning.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26(8): 1736–47.Google Scholar
Schapiro, Anna C., Rogers, Timothy T., Cordova, Natalia I., Turk-Browne, Nicholas B., and Botvinick, Matthew M.. 2013. “Neural Representations of Events Arise from Temporal Community Structure.” Nature Neuroscience 16(4): 486–92.Google Scholar
John, Scott. 1988. “Social Network Analysis.” Sociology 22(1): 109–27.Google Scholar
Smolensky, Paul. 1988. “On the Proper Treatment of Connectionism.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11(1): 1–23.Google Scholar
De Soto, Clinton B. 1960. “Learning a Social Structure.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 60(3): 417–21.Google Scholar
De Soto, Clinton B., Henley, Nancy M., and London, Marvin. 1968. “Balance and the Grouping Schema.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 8(1, Pt.1): 1–7.Google Scholar
Sulin, Rebecca A., and James Dooling, D. 1974. “Intrusion of a Thematic Idea in Retention of Prose.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 103(2): 255–62.Google Scholar
Sun, Hui, and Smith, Edward B.. 2018. “Cognitive Search and Social Networks.” Academy of Management Conference, Chicago, United States.Google Scholar
Tang, Jian, Meng, Qu, Wang, Mingzhe, Zhang, Ming, Yan, Jun, and Mei, Qiaozhu. 2015. “LINE: Large-Scale Information Network Embedding,” pp. 1067–77 in the Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on the World Wide Web.Google Scholar
Tavares, Rita Morais, Mendelsohn, Avi, Grossman, Yael, Williams, Christian Hamilton, Shapiro, Matthew, Trope, Yaacov, and Schiller, Daniela. 2015. “A Map for Social Navigation in the Human Brain.” Neuron 87(1): 231–43.Google Scholar
Todorov, Alexander, and Uleman, James S.. 2003. “The Efficiency of Binding Spontaneous Trait Inferences to Actors’ Faces.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39(6): 549–62.Google Scholar
Tompson, Steven, Kahn, Ari, Falk, Emily, Vettel, Jean, and Bassett, Danielle. 2019. “Individual Differences in Learning Social and Non-Social Network Structures.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 45(2): 253–71.Google Scholar
Treisman, Anne. 1986. “Features and Objects in Visual Processing.” Scientific American 255(5): 114–25.Google Scholar
Uleman, James S., Adil Saribay, S., and Gonzalez, Celia M.. 2007. “Spontaneous Inferences, Implicit Impressions, and Implicit Theories.” Annual Review of Psychology 59: 329–60.Google Scholar
Vapnik, Vladimir N. 1999. An Overview of Statistical Learning Theory. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 10(5): 988–99.Google Scholar
Vaughn, Brian E., and Waters, Everett. 1981. “Attention Structure, Sociometric Status, and Dominance: Interrelations, Behavioral Correlates, and Relationships to Social Competence.” Developmental Psychology 17(3): 275–88.Google Scholar
Wagemans, Johan, Feldman, Jacob, Gepshtein, Sergei, Ruth Kimchi, James R. Pomerantz, Peter A. van der Helm, and Cees van Leeuwen. 2012. “A Century of Gestalt Psychology in Visual Perception: II. Conceptual and Theoretical Foundations.” Psychological Bulletin 138(6): 1218–52.Google Scholar
Watts, Duncan J., and Strogatz, Steven H.. 1998. “Collective Dynamics of ‘Small-World’ Networks.” Nature 393(6684): 440–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winkler-Rhoades, Nathan, Douglas Medin, Sandra R. Waxman, Jennie Woodring, and Ross, Norbert O.. 2010. “Naming the Animals That Come to Mind: Effects of Culture and Experience on Category Fluency.” Journal of Cognition and Culture 10(1–2): 205–20.Google Scholar
Wood, Gordon. 1978. “The Knew-It-All-Along Effect.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 4(2): 345–53.Google Scholar
Yonelinas, Andrew P. 1994. “Receiver-Operating Characteristics in Recognition Memory: Evidence for a Dual-Process Model.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 20(6): 1341–54.Google Scholar
Yonelinas, Andrew P. 2002. “The Nature of Recollection and Familiarity: A Review of 30 Years of Research.” Journal of Memory and Language 46: 441–517.Google Scholar
Zerubavel, Noam, Bearman, Peter S., Weber, Jochen, and Ochsner, Kevin N.. 2015. “Neural Mechanisms Tracking Popularity in Real-World Social Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112(49): 15072–7.Google Scholar
Zhou, W. X., Sornette, D., Hill, R. A., and Dunbar, R. I. M.. 2005. “Discrete Hierarchical Organization of Social Group Sizes.” Proceedings. Biological Sciences 272(1561): 439–44.Google Scholar

References

Abend, Gabriel. 2018. “Outline of a Sociology of Decisionism.” The British Journal of Sociology 69(2): 237–64.Google Scholar
Allard, Scott W., and Small, Mario L.. 2013. “Reconsidering the Urban Disadvantaged: The Role of Systems, Institutions, and Organizations.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 647(1): 6–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ammerman, Nancy Tatom. 2005. Pillars of Faith: American Congregations and Their Partners. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Antonucci, Toni C. 1990. “Social Supports and Social Relationships,” pp. 205–26 in The Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, 3rd ed., edited by Binstock, Robert and George, Linda. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Inc.Google Scholar
Antonucci, Toni C., Ajrouch, Kristine J., and Birditt, Kira S.. 2014. “The Convoy Model: Explaining Social Relations from a Multidisciplinary Perspective.” The Gerontologist 54(1): 82–92.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Paul. 1988. “Ethnomethodology: A Critical Review.” Annual Review of Sociology 14(1): 441–65.Google Scholar
Bearman, Peter, and Parigi, Paolo. 2004. “Cloning Headless Frogs and Other Important Matters: Conversation Topics and Network Structure.”Social Forces 83(2): 535–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkman, Lisa F., and Leonard Syme, S.. 1979. “Social Networks, Host Resistance, and Mortality: A Nine-Year Follow-Up Study of Alameda County Residents.” American Journal of Epidemiology 109(2): 186–204.Google Scholar
Bernard, H. Russell, Killworth, Peter, Kronenfeld, David, and Sailer, Lee. 1984. “The Problem of Informant Accuracy: The Validity of Retrospective Data.” Annual Review of Anthropology 13: 495–517.Google Scholar
Blau, Peter M. [1955] 1963. The Dynamics of Bureaucracy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Blau, Peter M. 1986 [1964]. Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P., and Cross, Rob. 2003. “A Relational View of Information Seeking and Learning in Social Networks.” Management Science 49(4): 432–45.Google Scholar
Boswell, David. 1969. “Personal Crises and the Mobilization of the Social Network,” pp. 245–96 in Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns, edited by Mitchell, James. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Breiger, Ronald L. 1974. “The Duality of Persons and Groups.” Social Forces 53(2): 181–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruch, Elizabeth, and Feinberg, Fred. 2017. “Decision-Making Processes in Social Contexts.” Annual Review of Sociology 43: 207–27.Google Scholar
Bruch, Elizabeth, Feinberg, Fred, and Lee, Kee Yeun. 2016. “Extracting Multistage Screening Rules from Online Dating Activity Data.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113(38): 10, 530–5.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald. 1995. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. 2004. “Structural Holes and Good Ideas.” American Journal of Sociology 110(2): 349–99.Google Scholar
Campbell, Karen E., and Rosenfeld, Rachel A.. 1985. “Job Search and Job Mobility: Sex and Race Differences.” Research in the Sociology of Work 3: 147–74.Google Scholar
Carley, Kathleen, and Prietula, Michael. 2014. Computational Organization Theory. Abingdon: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Chaves, Mark. 2004. Congregations in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Chua, Vincent. 2012. “Contacts and Context.”Social Networks 34(4): 534–8.Google Scholar
Clawson, Laura. 2005. “‘Everybody Knows Him’: Social Networks in the Life of a Small Contractor in Alabama.” Ethnography 6(2): 237–64.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. 1988. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94: S95–120.Google Scholar
Coleman, James. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.Google Scholar
Desmond, Matthew. 2012. “Disposable Ties and the Urban Poor.” American Journal of Sociology 117(5): 1295–335.Google Scholar
Desmond, Matthew. 2017. Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City. First paperback edition. New York: B\D\W\Y, Broadway Books.Google Scholar
Dewey, John. [1916] 2004. Democracy and Education. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.Google Scholar
Dhand, Amar, Luke, Douglas, Lang, Catherine, Tsiaklides, Michael, Feske, Steven, and Lee, Jin-Moo. 2019. “Social Networks and Risk of Delayed Hospital Arrival after Acute Stroke.” Nature Communications 10(1): 1206.Google Scholar
Doreian, Patrick, and Conti, Norman. 2012. “Social Context, Spatial Structure, and Network Structure.” Social Networks 34(1): 32–46.Google Scholar
Emerson, Richard M. 1976. “Social Exchange Theory.” Annual Review of Sociology 2: 335–62.Google Scholar
Emirbayer, Mustafa, and Goodwin, Jeff. 1994. “Network Analysis, Culture, and the Problem of Agency.” American Journal of Sociology 99(6): 1411–54.Google Scholar
Emirbayer, M., and Mische, A.. 1998. “What Is Agency?” American Journal of Sociology 103(4): 962–1023.Google Scholar
England, Paula. 2005. “Emerging Theories of Care Work.” Annual Review of Sociology 31(1): 381–99.Google Scholar
Esser, Hartmut. 1993. “The Rationality of Everyday Behavior: A Rational Choice Reconstruction of the Theory of Action by Alfred Schutz.” Rationality and Society 5(1): 7–31.Google Scholar
Feld, Scott. 1981. “The Focused Organization of Social Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 86(5): 1015–35.Google Scholar
Fernandez, Roberto M., and Rubineau, Brian. 2019. “Network Recruitment and the Glass Ceiling: Evidence from Two Firms.” The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5(3): 88–102.Google Scholar
Fernandez, Roberto M., and Weinberg, Nancy. 1997. “Sifting and Sorting: Personal Contacts and Hiring in a Retail Bank.” American Sociological Review 62(6): 883–902.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. 1982. To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Garfinkel, Harold. 1967. Studies of Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Gibson, David R. 2012. Talk at the Brink: Deliberation and Decision during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, Project MUSE.Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving. 1956. “Embarrassment and Social Organization.” American Journal of Sociology 62(3): 264–71.Google Scholar
Goodwin, Charles, and Heritage, John. 1990. “Conversation Analysis.” Annual Review of Anthropology 19(1): 283–307.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78(6): 1360–80.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark S. 1974. Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark S. 1983. “The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited.” Sociological Theory 1: 201–33.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark S. 1985. “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 91(3): 481–510.Google Scholar
Homans, George C. 1950. The Human Group. New York: Harcourt, Brace, & Company.Google Scholar
House, James S., Landis, Karl, and Umberson, Debra. 1988. “Social Relationships and Health.” Science 241(4865): 540–5.Google Scholar
Hsung, Ray-May, Lin, Nan, and Breiger, Ronald L, eds. 2009. Contexts of Social Capital: Social Networks in Markets, Communities, and Families. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
John, Leslie K., Acquisti, Alessandro, and Loewenstein, George. 2011. “Strangers on a Plane: Context-Dependent Willingness to Divulge Sensitive Information.” Journal of Consumer Research 37(5): 858–73.Google Scholar
Kahneman, Daniel. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Kroneberg, Clemens. 2014. “Frames, Scripts, and Variable Rationality: An Integrative Theory of Action,” pp. 95–123 in Analytical Sociology: Actions and Networks edited by Manzo, Gianluca. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan. 1999. “Building a Network Theory of Social Capital.” Connections 22(1): 28–51.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan. 2001. Social Capital. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan, and Dan, Ao. 2008. “The Invisible Hand of Social Capital: An Exploratory Study,” pp. 107–32 in Social Capital: An International Research Program, edited by Lin, Nan and Erickson, Bonnie. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lizardo, Omar. 2017. “Improving Cultural Analysis: Considering Personal Culture in Its Declarative and Nondeclarative Modes.” American Sociological Review 82(1): 88–115.Google Scholar
Lubbers, Miranda, Small, Mario L., and García, Hugo Valenzuela. 2020. “Do Networks Help People Manage Poverty?” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 689: 7–25.Google Scholar
Marin, Alexandra. 2012. “Don’t Mention It: Why People Don’t Share Job Information, When They Do, and Why It Matters.” Social Networks 34(2): 181–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, John Levi. 2003. “What Is Field Theory?” American Journal of Sociology 109(1): 1–49.Google Scholar
Maynard, Douglas W., and Clayman, Steven E.. 1991. “The Diversity of Ethnomethodology.” Annual Review of Sociology 17(1): 385–418.Google Scholar
McDonald, Steve. 2005. “Patterns of Informal Job Matching across the Life Course: Entry-Level, Reentry-Level, and Elite Non-Searching.” Sociological Inquiry 75(3): 403–28.Google Scholar
McDonald, Steve. 2010. “Right Place, Right Time: Serendipity and Informal Job Matching.” Socio-Economic Review 8(2): 307–31.Google Scholar
McDonald, Steve, and Elder, Glen H.. 2006. “When Does Social Capital Matter? Non-Searching for Jobs across the Life Course.” Social Forces 85(1): 521–49.Google Scholar
McDonald, Steve, Lin, Nan, and Dan, Ao. 2009. “Networks of Opportunity: Gender, Race, and Job Leads.” Social Problems 56(3): 385–402.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller, Smith-Lovin, Lynn, and Cook, James M.. 2001. “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks.” Annual Review of Sociology 27: 415–44.Google Scholar
McRoberts, Omar M. 2003. Streets of Glory: Church and Community in a Black Urban Neighborhood. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Menjívar, Cecilia. 2000. Fragmented Ties: Salvadoran Immigrant Networks in America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Mollenhorst, Gerald, Völker, Beate, and Flap, Henk. 2008. “Social Contexts and Core Discussion Networks: Using a Choice Approach to Study Similarity in Intimate Relationships.” Social Forces 86(3): 937–65.Google Scholar
Mollenhorst, Gerald, Völker, Beate, and Flap, Henk. 2011. “Shared Contexts and Triadic Closure in Core Discussion Networks.” Social Networks 33(4): 292–302.Google Scholar
Moore, Rick. 2017. “Fast or Slow: Sociological Implications of Measuring Dual-Process Cognition.” Sociological Science 4: 196–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mouw, Ted. 2003. “Social Capital and Finding a Job: Do Contacts Matter?” American Sociological Review 68(6): 868–98.Google Scholar
Nebus, James. 2006. “Building Collegial Information Networks: A Theory of Advice Network Generation.” The Academy of Management Review 31(3): 615–37.Google Scholar
Neckerman, Kathryn, and Fernandez, Roberto. 2003. “Keeping a Job: Network Hiring and Turnover in a Retail Bank.” Research in the Sociology of Organizations 20: 299–318.Google Scholar
Nee, Victor, and Ingram, Paul. 1998. “Embeddedness and Beyond: Institutions, Exchange, and Social Structure,” pp. 19–45 in The New Institutionalism in Sociology, edited by Brinton, Mary C. and Nee, Victor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Oldenburg, Ray. 1989. The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Community Centers, Beauty Parlors, General Stores, Hangouts, and How They Get You Through the Day. New York: Paragon House.Google Scholar
Omodei, Elisa, Brashears, Matthew E., and Arenas, Alex. 2017. “A Mechanistic Model of Human Recall of Social Network Structure and Relationship Affect.” Scientific Reports 7(1): 17133.Google Scholar
Pedulla, David S., and Pager, Devah. 2019. “Race and Networks in the Job Search Process.” American Sociological Review 84(6): 983–1012.Google Scholar
Perrow, Charles. 1991. “A Society of Organizations.” Theory and Society 20(6): 725–762.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea, and Pescosolido, Bernice. 2010. “Functional Specificity in Discussion Networks: The Influence of General and Problem-Specific Networks on Health Outcomes.” Social Networks 32(4): 345–57.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea, and Pescosolido, Bernice. 2012. “Social Network Dynamics and Biographical Disruption: The Case of ‘First-Timers’ with Mental Illness.” American Journal of Sociology 118(1): 134–75.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea, and Pescosolido, Bernice. 2015. “Social Network Activation: The Role of Health Discussion Partners in Recovery from Mental Illness.” Social Science and Medicine 125: 116–28.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice. 1991. “Illness Careers and Network Ties: A Conceptual Model of Utilization and Compliance,” pp. 161–84 in Advances in Medical Sociology, Vol. 2, edited by Albrecht, Gary and Levy, Judith. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice. 1992. “Beyond Rational Choice: The Social Dynamics of How People Seek Help.” American Journal of Sociology 97(4): 1096–138.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice, and Boyer, Carol A.. 1999. “How Do People Come to Use Mental Health Services? Current Knowledge and Changing Perspectives,” pp. 392–411 in A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Context, Theories, and Systems, edited by Horwitz, Alan and Scheid, Teresa. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice A., Gardner, Carol Brooks, and Lubell, Keri M.. 1998. “How People Get into Mental Health Services: Stories of Choice, Coercion and ‘Muddling Through’ from ‘First-Timers.’” Social Science & Medicine 46(2): 275–86.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice A., and Wright, Eric R.. 2004. “The View from Two Worlds: The Convergence of Social Network Reports between Mental Health Clients and Their Ties.” Social Science & Medicine 58(9): 1795–806.Google Scholar
Powell, Walter W., and Paul, DiMaggio. 1991. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Sailer, Kerstin, and Ian, McCulloh. 2012. “Social Networks and Spatial Configuration: How Office Layouts Drive Social Interaction.” Social Networks 34(1): 47–58.Google Scholar
Schutz, Alfred. 1964. Collected Papers, II: Studies in Social Theory. Edited and introduced by Arvid Brodersen. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Schwarz, Norbert, and Sudman, Seymour. 1992. Context Effects in Social and Psychological Research. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Scott, Richard W. 1995. Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.Google Scholar
Scott, Richard W., and Meyer, John W.. 1991. “The Organization of Societal Sectors: Propositions and Early Evidence,” pp. 108–42 in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by Powell, Walter W. and Paul, DiMaggio. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Siliunas, Andreja, Small, Mario L., and Wallerstein, Joseph. 2019. “We Can Help, but There’s a Catch: Nonprofit Organizations and Access to Government-Funded Resources among the Poor.” Journal of Organizational Ethnography 8(1): 109–28.Google Scholar
Simmel, Georg. 1950. “The Stranger,” pp. 402–8 in The Sociology of Georg Simmel, edited and translated by Wolff, Kurt H.. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L. 2009. Unanticipated Gains: Origins of Network Inequality in Everyday Life. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L. 2013. “Weak Ties and the Core Discussion Network: Why People Regularly Discuss Important Matters with Unimportant Alters.” Social Networks 35(3): 470–83.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L. 2017. Someone to Talk To. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L., and Sukhu, Christopher. 2016. “Because They Were There: Access, Deliberation, and the Mobilization of Networks for Support.” Social Networks 47(C): 73–84.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L., and Pager, Devah. 2020. “Sociological Perspectives on Racial Discrimination.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 34(2): 49–67.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L., and Adler, Laura. 2019. “The Role of Space in the Formation of Social Ties.” Annual Review of Sociology 45(1): 111–32.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L., and Gose, Leah E.. 2020. “How Do Low-Income People Form Survival Networks? The Role of Routine Organizations as Brokers.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 1: 21.Google Scholar
Smith, Edward Bishop, Brands, Raina A., Brashears, Matthew E., and Kleinbaum, Adam M.. 2020. “Social Networks and Cognition.” Annual Review of Sociology 46: 159–74.Google Scholar
Smith, Sandra. 2005. “‘Don’t Put My Name On It’: Social Capital Activation and Job-Finding Assistance Among the Black Urban Poor.” American Journal of Sociology 111(1): 1–57.Google Scholar
Smith, Sandra. 2007. Lone Pursuit. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Spillane, James P., Shirrell, Matthew, and Sweet, Tracy M.. 2017. “The Elephant in the Schoolhouse: The Role of Propinquity in School Staff Interactions about Teaching.” Sociology of Education 90(2): 149–71.Google Scholar
Stack, Carol B. 1974. All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Stanovich, Keith E., and West, Richard F.. 2000. “Individual Differences in Reasoning: Implications for the Rationality Debate?” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23(5): 645–65.Google Scholar
Sudman, Seymour, Bradburn, Norman M., and Schwarz, Norbert. 1996. Thinking About Answers: The Application of Cognitive Processes to Survey Methodology. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Thoits, Peggy. A. 2011. “Mechanisms Linking Social Ties and Support to Physical and Mental Health.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 52(2): 145–61.Google Scholar
Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald, and Avent-Holt., Dustin In press. Relational Inequalities: An Organizational Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Uehara, Edwina. 1990. “Dual Exchange Theory, Social Networks, and Informal Social Support.” American Journal of Sociology 96(3): 521–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uzzi, Brian. 1996. “The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect.” American Sociological Review 61(4): 674–98.Google Scholar
Vaisey, Stephen. 2009. “Motivation and Justification: A Dual‐Process Model of Culture in Action.” American Journal of Sociology 114(6): 1675–715.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1968. Max Weber on Charisma and Institution Building; Selected Papers. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1978. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretative Sociology, Vol. 1. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry, and Wortley, Scott. 1989. “Brothers’ Keepers: Situating Kinship Relations in Broader Networks of Social Support.” Sociological Perspectives 32(3): 273–306.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry, and Wortley, Scott. 1990. “Different Strokes from Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support.” American Journal of Sociology 96(3): 558–88.Google Scholar

References

Aguilar, John L. 1984. “Trust and Exchange: Expressive and Instrumental Dimensions of Reciprocity in a Peasant Community.” Ethos 12 1: 3–29.Google Scholar
Batenburg, Anita, and Bartels, Jos. 2017. “Keeping Up Online Appearances: How Self-Disclosure on Facebook Affects Perceived Respect and Likability in the Professional Context.” Computers in Human Behavior 74: 265–76.Google Scholar
Blau, Peter. 1964. Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Burke, Peter J., and Stets, Jan E.. 1999. “Trust and Commitment through Self-Verification.” Social Psychology Quarterly 62: 347–66.Google Scholar
Burt, Robert S. 2001. “Bandwidth and Echo: Trust, Information, and Gossip in Social Networks,” pp. 30–74 in Networks and Markets edited by Rauch, James E., and Casella, Alessandra. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Cable, Daniel M., and Kay, Virginia S.. 2012. “Striving for Self-Verification during Organizational Entry.” Academy of Management Journal 55(2): 360–80.Google Scholar
Chen, Serena, Taylor, Lindsay S., and Jeung, Kevin Y.. 2006. “Collective Self-Verification among Members of a Naturally Occurring Group: Possible Antecedents and Long-Term Consequences.” Basic and Applied Social Psychology 28(2): 101–15.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. 1988. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94: S95–S121.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Cook, Karen S., and Hardin, Russell. 2001. “Norms of Cooperativeness and Networks of Trust,” pp. 327–47 in Social Norms edited by Hechter, Michael and Karl-Dieter, . New York: Russell Sage.Google Scholar
Emerson, Richard M. 1972. “Exchange Theory, Part I: A Psychological Basis for Social Exchange,” pp. 38–57 in Sociological Theories in Progress edited by Berger, Joseph, Zelditch, Morris Jr., and Anderson, B.. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.Google Scholar
Erikson, Erik H. 1964. Childhood and Society, 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
Gómez, Ángel, Huici, Carmen, Conor, Seyel D, and Swann, William B, Jr. 2009. “Can Self-Verification Strivings Fully Transcend the Self–Other Barrier? Seeking Verification of Ingroup Identities.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 97(6): 1021–44.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. 1985. “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology 91(3): 481–510.Google Scholar
Grant, Adam M., Berg, Justin M., and Cable, Daniel M.. 2014. “Job Titles as Identity Badges: How Self-Reflective Titles Can Reduce Emotional Exhaustion.” Academy of Management Journal 57(4): 1201–25.Google Scholar
Hardin, Russell. 2002. Trust and Trustworthiness. New York: Russell Sage.Google Scholar
Heintzelman, Samantha J., Trent, Jason, and King, Laura A.. 2016. “How Would the Self Be Remembered? Evidence for Posthumous Self-Verification.” Journal of Research in Personality 61: 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hochschild, Arlie R. 1983. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kollock, Peter. 1994. “The Emergence of Exchange Structures: An Experimental Study of Uncertainty, Commitment, and Trust.” American Journal of Sociology 100(2): 313–45.Google Scholar
Kraus, Michael W., and Chen, Serena. 2014. “Relational Self-Verification through Self-Presentation: Implications for Perceptions of One’s Honesty and Authenticity.” Self and Identity 13(1): 45–57.Google Scholar
Kwang, Tracy, and Swann, William B., Jr. 2010. “Do People Embrace Praise Even When They Feel Unworthy? A Review of Critical Tests of Self-Enhancement versus Self-Verification.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 14(3): 263–80.Google Scholar
Lawler, Edward J., and Yoon, Jeongkoo. 1996. “Commitment in Exchange Relations: Test of a Theory of Relational Cohesion.” American Sociological Review 66 (1): 89–108.Google Scholar
Lawler, Edward J., and Yoon, Jeongkoo. 1998. “Network Structure and Emotion in Exchange Relations.” American Sociological Review 63(6): 871–94.Google Scholar
Marschall, Melissa J., and Stolle, Dietlind. 2004. “Race and the City: Neighborhood Context and the Development of Generalized Trust.” Political Behavior 26(2): 125–53.Google Scholar
Molm, Linda D., Peterson, Gretchen, and Takahashi, Nobuyuki. 1999. “Power in Negotiated and Reciprocal Exchange.” American Sociological Review 64(6): 876–90.Google Scholar
Molm, Linda D., Takahashi, Nobuyuki, and Peterson, Gretchen. 2000. “Risk and Trust in Social Exchange: An Experimental Test of a Classical Proposition.” American Journal of Sociology 105(5): 1396–427.Google Scholar
Molm, Linda D. 2010. “The Structure of Reciprocity.” Social Psychology Quarterly 73(2): 119–31.Google Scholar
Moore, Celia, Lee, Sun Young, Kim, Kawon, and Cable, Daniel M.. 2017. “The Advantage of Being Oneself: The Role of Applicant Self-Verification in Organizational Hiring Decisions.” Journal of Applied Psychology 102(11): 1493–513.Google Scholar
Patterson, Orlando. 1999. “Liberty against the Democratic State: On the Historical and Contemporary Sources of American Distrust,” pp. 151–207 in Democracy and Trust edited by Warren, Mark E.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Paxton, Pamela. 1999. “Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assessment.” American Journal of Sociology 105(1): 88–127.Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro, and Sensenbrenner, Julia. 1993. “Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action.” American Journal of Sociology 98(6): 1320–50.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Riley, Anna, and Burke, Peter J.. 1995. “Identities and Self-Verification in the Small Group.” Social Psychology Quarterly 58(2): 61–73.Google Scholar
Rotter, Julian B. 1980. “Interpersonal Trust, Trustworthiness, and Gullibility.” American Psychologist 35(1): 1–7.Google Scholar
Sampson, Robert J., and Byron Groves, W.. 1989. “Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social-Disorganization Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 94(4): 774–802.Google Scholar
Sampson, Robert J., Morenoff, Jeffrey D., and Earls, Felton. 1999. “Beyond Social Capital: Spatial Dynamics of Collective Efficacy for Children.” American Sociological Review 64(5): 633–60.Google Scholar
Seih, Yi-Tai, Buhrmester, Michael D., Lin, Yi-Cheng, Huang, Chin-Lan, and Swann, William B. Jr. 2013. “Do People Want to Be Flattered or Understood? The Cross-Cultural Universality of Self-Verification.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49(1): 169–72.Google Scholar
Shantz, Amanda, and Booth, Jonathan E.. 2014. “Service Employees and Self-Verification: The Roles of Occupational Stigma Consciousness and Core Self-Evaluations.” Human Relations 67(12): 1439–65.Google Scholar
Shaw, Clifford R., and McKay, Henry D.. 1942. Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas: A Study of Rates of Delinquency in Relation to Differential Characteristics of Local Communities in American Cities. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L. 2009. Unanticipated Gains: Origins of Network Inequality in Everyday Life. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Sandra Susan. 2005. “‘Don’t Put My Name On It’: Social Capital Activation and Job-Finding Assistance among the Black Urban Poor.” American Journal of Sociology 111(1): 1–57.Google Scholar
Smith, Sandra Susan. 2007. Lone Pursuit: Distrust and Defensive Individualism among the Black Poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Spence, Andrew Michael. 1974. Market Signaling: Informational Transfer in Hiring and Related Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Stack, Carol B. 1974. All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community. New York: Harper Colophon Books.Google Scholar
Swann, William B. Jr., and Hill, Craig A.. 1982. “When Our Identities Are Mistaken: Reaffirming Self-Conceptions through Social Interaction.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43(1): 59–66.Google Scholar
Swann, William B. Jr. 1983. “Self-Verification: Bringing Social Reality into Harmony with the Self,” pp. 33–66 in Psychological Perspectives on the Self edited by Suls, Jerry, and Greenwald, Anthony G.. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Swann, William B. Jr. 1990. “To Be Adored or to Be Known: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification,” pp. 408–48 in Handbook of Motivation and Cognition edited by Sorrentino, Richard M. and Tory Higgins, E.. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Swann, William B. Jr., Polzer, Jeffrey T., Seyle, Daniel C., and Ko, Sei Jin. 2004. “Finding Value in Diversity: Verification of Personal and Social Self-Views in Diverse Groups.” Academy of Management Review 29(1): 9–27.Google Scholar
Swann, William B. Jr. 2011. “Self-Verification Theory,” pp. 23–42 in Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology edited by Paul, A. M. Van Lange, Arie W. Kruglanski, and E. Tory Higgins, . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Thatcher, Sherry M. B., and Zhu, Xiumei. 2006. “Changing Identities in a Changing Workplace: Identification, Identity Enactment, Self-Verification, and Telecommuting.” Academy of Management Review 31(4): 1076–88.Google Scholar
Trimble-O’Connor, Lindsey. 2013. “Ask and You Shall Receive: Social Network Contacts’ Provision of Help during the Job Search.” Social Networks 35(4): 593–603.Google Scholar
Uehara, Edwina. 1990. “Dual Exchange Theory, Social Networks, and Informal Social Support.” American Journal of Sociology 96(3): 521–57.Google Scholar
Uslaner, Eric M. 2002. The Moral Foundations of Trust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Bernard. 1988. “Formal Structures and Social Reality,” pp. 3–13 in Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations edited by Gambetta, Diego. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wilson, Robert. 1985. “Reputations in Games and Markets,” pp. 27–62 in Game-Theoretic Models of Bargaining edited by Roth, Alvin E.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Xu, Erica, Huang, Xu, and Robinson, Sandra L.. 2017. “When Self-View Is at Stake: Responses to Ostracism through the Lens of Self-Verification Theory.” Journal of Management 43(7): 2281–302.Google Scholar

References

Aldrich, Howard, and Whetten, David A.. 1981. “Organization-Sets, Action-Sets, and Networks: Making the Most of Simplicity,” pp. 385–408 in Handbook of Organizational Design: Adapting Organizations to their Environments, vol. 1, edited by Nystrom, Paul C. and Starbuck, William H.. Oxford and Toronto: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bearman, Peter, and Parigi, Paolo. 2004. “Cloning Headless Frogs and Other Important Matters: Conversation Topics and Network Structure.” Social Forces 83(2): 535–57.Google Scholar
Bernard, H. Russell, Johnsen, Eugene C., Killworth, Peter D., McCarty, Christopher, Shelley, Gene A., and Robinson, Scott. 1990. “Comparing Four Different Methods for Measuring Personal Social Networks.” Social Networks 12(3): 179–215.Google Scholar
Bernard, H. Russell, Shelley, Gene A., and Killworth, Peter. 1987. “How Much of a Network Does the GSS and RSW Dredge Up?” Social Networks 9(1): 49–61.Google Scholar
Bernardi, Laura. 2003. “Channels of Social Influence on Reproduction.” Population Research and Policy Review 22(5–6): 427–555.Google Scholar
Bidart, Claire, and Degenne, Alain. 2005. “Introduction: The Dynamics of Personal Networks.” Social Networks 27: 283–87.Google Scholar
Blau, Peter M. 1977. “A Macrosociological Theory of Social Structure.” American Journal of Sociology 83(1): 26–54.Google Scholar
Blumer, Herbert. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism. Englewoods Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Boissevain, Jeremy. 1968. “The Place of Non-Groups in the Social Sciences.” Man 3(4): 542–56.Google Scholar
Boissevain, Jeremy. 1971. “Second Thoughts on Quasi-Groups, Categories and Coalitions.” Man 6(3): 468–72.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P., and Everett, Martin G.. 2000. “Models of Core/Periphery Structures.” Social Networks 21(4): 375–95.Google Scholar
Bost, Kelly K., Cox, Martha J., Burchinal, Margaret R., and Payne, Chris. 2002. “Structural and Supportive Changes in Couples’ Family and Friendship Networks across the Transition to Parenthood.” Journal of Marriage and Family 64(2): 517–31.Google Scholar
Boyd, Robert, and Richerson, Peter J.. 2009. “Culture and the Evolution of Human Cooperation.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364(1533): 3281–8.Google Scholar
Brashears, Matthew E. 2014. “‘Trivial’ Topics and Rich Ties: The Relationship between Discussion Topic, Alter Role, and Resource Availability Using the ‘Important Matters’ Name Generator.” Sociological Science 1: 493.Google Scholar
Carstensen, Laura L. 1991. “Selectivity Theory: Social Activity in Life-Span Context.” Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics 11(1): 195–217.Google Scholar
Carstensen, Laura L. 1992. “Social and Emotional Patterns in Adulthood: Support for Socioemotional Selectivity Theory.” Psychology and Aging 7(3): 331.Google Scholar
Coleman, James Samuel. 1957. Community Conflict. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Collins, Nancy L., and Miller, Lynn Carol. 1994. “Self-Disclosure and Liking: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Psychological Bulletin 116(3): 457.Google Scholar
Cook, Daniella Ann. 2010. “Disrupted but Not Destroyed: Fictive-Kinship Networks among Black Educators in Post-Katrina New Orleans.” Southern Anthropologist 35(2): 1.Google Scholar
Cook, Karen S. 1990. “Linking Actors and Structures: An Exchange Network Perspective,” pp. 113–28 in Structures of Power and Constraint, edited by Calhoun, Craig, Meyer, Marshall W., and Scott, W. Richard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cornwell, Benjamin, Laumann, Edward O., and Philip Schumm, L.. 2008. “The Social Connectedness of Older Adults: A National Profile.” American Sociological Review 73(2): 185–203.Google Scholar
Cornwell, Benjamin, Laumann, Edward O., Granovetter, Mark, Iveniuk, James, Schafer, Markus, Sica, Alan, Swedberg, Richard, and York, Erin. 2016. “If Parsons Had PAJEK: The Relevance of Midcentury Structural-Functionalism to Dynamic Network Analysis.” Journal of Social Structure 17(1): 1–29.Google Scholar
Crossley, Nick. 2008. “Small-World Networks, Complex Systems and Sociology.” Sociology 42(2): 261–77.Google Scholar
Cutrona, Carolyn E., and Russell, Daniel W.. 1990. “Type of Social Support and Specific Stress: Toward a Theory of Optimal Matching,” pp. 319–66 in Wiley Series on Personality Processes. Social Support: An Interactional View, edited by Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., and Pierce, G. R.. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Degenne, Alain, and Michel, Forsé. 2004. Les Réseaux Sociaux. A. Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
DiPietro, Janet A. 2000. “Baby and the Brain: Advances in Child Development.” Annual Review of Public Health 21(1): 455–71.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Robin I. M. 1998. “The Social Brain Hypothesis.” Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 6(5): 178–90.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Robin I. M. 2003. “The Social Brain: Mind, Language, and Society in Evolutionary Perspective.” Annual Review of Anthropology 32(1): 163–81.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Robin I. M. 2008. “Cognitive Constraints on the Structure and Dynamics of Social Networks.” Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 12(1): 7–16.Google Scholar
Erikson, Kai T. 1978. “Everything in Its Path: Destruction of Community in the Buffalo Creek Flood.” Journal of American Studies 12(1): 141–4.Google Scholar
Feld, Scott L. 1981. “The Focused Organization of Social Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 86(5): 1015–35.Google Scholar
Feld, Scott L. 1982. “Social Structural Determinants of Similarity among Associates.” American Sociological Review 47(6): 797–801.Google Scholar
Feld, Scott, and Carter, William C.. 1998. “Foci of Activity as Changing Contexts for Friendship,” pp. 136–52 in Placing Friendship in Context, vol. 15, edited by , Stacey J., Marks, Stephen, Harrison, Kaeren, O‘Connor, Pat, Feld, Scott, and Carter, William C.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fine, Gary Alan, and Kleinman, Sherryl. 1983. “Network and Meaning: An Interactionist Approach to Structure.” Symbolic Interaction 6(1): 97–110.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. 1982. To Dwell among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Gameiro, Sofia, Boivin, Jacky, Canavarro, Maria Cristina, Moura-Ramos, Mariana, and Soares, Isabel. 2010. “Social Nesting: Changes in Social Network and Support across the Transition to Parenthood in Couples that Conceived Spontaneously or through Assisted Reproductive Technologies.” Journal of Family Psychology 24(2): 175.Google Scholar
Gargiulo, Martin, and Benassi, Mario. 2000. “Trapped in Your Own Net? Network Cohesion, Structural Holes, and the Adaptation of Social Capital.” Organization Science 11(2): 183–96.Google Scholar
Gell-Mann, M. 1995. “What Is Complexity? Remarks on Simplicity and Complexity by the Nobel Prizewinning Author of The Quark and the Jaguar.” Complexity 1(1): 16–19.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” The American Journal of Sociology 78(6): 1360–80.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Jay R. 1991. Oedipus and Beyond. A Clinical Theory. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Haidt, Jonathan, and Rodin, Judith. 1999. “Control and Efficacy as Interdisciplinary Bridges.” Review of General Psychology 3(4): 317–37.Google Scholar
Halgin, Daniel S., and Borgatti, Stephen P.. 2012. “An Introduction to Personal Network Analysis and Tie Churn Statistics Using E-NET.” Connections 32(1): 37–48.Google Scholar
Hammer, Muriel. 1983. “‘Core’ and ‘Extended’ Social Networks in Relation to Health and Illness.” Social Science & Medicine 17(7): 405–11.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich A. 1964. “The Theory of Complex Phenomena.” In Critical Approaches to Science and Philosophy, edited by Bunge, Mario (2018). London: Routledge. 332349.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Z. 1995. “Oedipus and Beyond: A Clinical Theory by Jay Greenberg.” Psychoanalytic Dialogues 5(1): 93–112.Google Scholar
Holland, John H. 2006. “Studying Complex Adaptive Systems.” Journal of Systems Science and Complexity 19(1): 1–8.Google Scholar
Holt-Lunstad, Julianne, Smith, Timothy B., and Bradley Layton, J.. 2010. “Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analytic Review.” PLoS Med 7(7): e1000316.Google Scholar
Hurlbert, Jeanne S., Haines, Valerie A., and Beggs, John J.. 2000. “Core Networks and Tie Activation: What Kinds of Routine Networks Allocate Resources in Nonroutine Situations?” American Sociological Review 65(4): 598–618.Google Scholar
Jones, Loring P. 1991. “Unemployment: The Effect on Social Networks, Depression, and Reemployment.” Journal of Social Service Research 15(1–2): 1–22.Google Scholar
Kadushin, Charles. 1966. “The Friends and Supporters of Psychotherapy: On Social Circles in Urban Life.” American Sociological Review 31(6): 786–802.Google Scholar
Kadushin, Charles. 2002. “The Motivational Foundation of Social Networks.” Social Networks 24(1): 77–91.Google Scholar
Kadushin, Charles. 2012. Understanding Social Networks: Theories, Concepts, and Findings. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kalmijn, Matthijs, and van Groenou, Marjolein Broese. 2005. “Differential Effects of Divorce on Social Integration.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 22(4): 455–76.Google Scholar
Ladyman, James, Lambert, James, and Wiesner, Karoline. 2013. “What Is a Complex System?” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 3(1): 33–67.Google Scholar
Lally, J. Ronald, , and Mangione, Peter. 2017. “Caring Relationships: The Heart of Early Brain Development.” YC Young Children 72(2): 17–24.Google Scholar
Lansing, J. Stephen. 2003. “Complex Adaptive Systems.” Annual Review of Anthropology 32(1): 183–204.Google Scholar
Laugesen, Kristina, Baggesen, Lisbeth Munksgård, Schmidt, Sigrún Alba Jóhannesdóttir, Glymour, M. Maria, Lasgaard, Mathias, Milstein, Arnold, Sørensen, Henrik Toft, Adler, Nancy E., and Ehrenstein, Vera. 2018. “Social Isolation and All-Cause Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Denmark.” Scientific Reports 8(1): 4731.Google Scholar
Lawler, Edward J., Thye, Shane R., and Yoon, Jeongkoo. 2015. Order on the Edge of Chaos. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Jianguo, Thomas Dietz, Stephen R. Carpenter, Marina Alberti, Folke, Carl, Emilio Moran, Alice N. Pell, Peter Deadman, Kratz, Timothy, and Lubchenco, Jane. 2007. “Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems.” Science 317(5844): 1513–16.Google Scholar
Lubbers, Miranda J., Molina, José Luis, Lerner, Jürgen, Brandes, Ulrik, Ávila, Javier, and Christopher, McCarty. 2010. “Longitudinal Analysis of Personal Networks. The Case of Argentinean Migrants in Spain.” Social Networks 32(1): 91–104.Google Scholar
Mayer, Adrian. 1966. “The Significance of Quasi-Groups in the Study of Complex Societies.” The Social Anthropology of Complex Societies 4: 97–122.Google Scholar
Mcauley, Julian, and Leskovec, Jure. 2014. “Discovering Social Circles in Ego Networks.” ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 8(1): 1–28.Google Scholar
McCarty, Christopher. 2002. “Structure in Personal Networks.” Journal of Social Structure 3(1): 20.Google Scholar
McConnell, Will R., and Perry, Brea L. 2016. “The Revolving Door: Patient Needs and Network Turnover during Mental Health Treatment,” pp. 119–45 in 50 Years After Deinstitutionalization: Mental Illness in Contemporary Communities (Advances in Medical Sociology, vol. 17). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Miller, John H., and Page, Scott E.. 2009. Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, J. Clyde. 1974. “Social Networks.” Annual Review of Anthropology 3(1): 279–99.Google Scholar
Moreno, Jacob Levy. 1953. Who Shall Survive? Foundations of Sociometry, Group Psychotherapy and Socio-Drama, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Morgan, David L., Neal, Margaret B., and Carder, Paula. 1997. “The Stability of Core and Peripheral Networks over Time.” Social Networks 19(1): 9–25.Google Scholar
Morris, Katherine Ann, and Deterding, Nicole M.. 2016. “The Emotional Cost of Distance: Geographic Social Network Dispersion and Post-Traumatic Stress among Survivors of Hurricane Katrina.” Social Science & Medicine 165: 56–65.Google Scholar
O’Connor, Thomas G., Marvin, Robert S., Rutter, Michael, Olrick, Jeffrey T., Preston, A. Britner, English, and Romanian Adoptees Study Team. 2003. “Child–Parent Attachment Following Early Institutional Deprivation.” Development and Psychopathology 15(1): 19–38.Google Scholar
Pedersen, Cort A. 2004. “How Love Evolved from Sex and Gave Birth to Intelligence and Human Nature.” Journal of Bioeconomics 6(1): 39–63.Google Scholar
Pedersen, Cort A. 2006. “Biological Aspects of Social Bonding and the Roots of Human Violence.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1036(1): 106–27.Google Scholar
Penning, Margaret J. 1990. “Receipt of Assistance by Elderly People: Hierarchical Selection and Task Specificity.” The Gerontologist 30(2): 220–7.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea L. 2006. “Understanding Social Network Disruption: The Case of Youth in Foster Care.” Social Problems 53(3): 371–91.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea L. 2012. “Coming Untied? Narrative Accounts of Social Network Dynamics from First-Time Mental Health Clients.” Sociology of Health & Illness 34(8): 1125–39.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea L., and Pescosolido, Bernice A.. 2012. “Social Network Dynamics and Biographical Disruption: The Case of ‘First-Timers’ with Mental Illness.” American Journal of Sociology 118(1): 134–75.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea L., and Pescosolido, Bernice A.. 2015. “Social Network Activation: The Role of Health Discussion Partners in Recovery from Mental Illness.” Social Science & Medicine 125: 116–28.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice A. 1992. “Beyond Rational Choice: The Social Dynamics of How People Seek Help.” American Journal of Sociology 97(4): 1096–138.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice A., Gardner, Carol Brooks, and Lubell, Keri M.. 1998. “How People Get into Mental Health Services: Stories of Choice, Coercion and ‘Muddling Through’ from ‘First-Timers.’” Social Science & Medicine 46(2): 275–86.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice A., Olafsdottir, Sigrun, Olaf Sporns, Brea L. Perry, Eric M. Meslin, Tony H. Grubesic, Jack K. Martin, Laura M. Koehly, William Pridemore, and Vespignani, Alessandro. 2016. “Linking Genes-to-Global Cultures in Public Health Using Network Science,” pp. 25–48 in Handbook of Applied System Science, edited by Neal, Zachary P.. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Powell, Joanne, Lewis, Penelope A., Roberts, Neil, Garcia-Finana, Marta, and Dunbar, Robin I. M.. 2012. “Orbital Prefrontal Cortex Volume Predicts Social Network Size: An Imaging Study of Individual Differences in Humans.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279(1736): 2157–62.Google Scholar
Power, Thomas G., and Parke, Ross D.. 1984. “Social Network Factors and the Transition to Parenthood.” Sex Roles 10(11–12): 949–72.Google Scholar
Ravasz, Erzsébet, and Albert-László, Barabási. 2003. “Hierarchical Organization in Complex Networks.” Physical Review E 67(2): 026112.Google Scholar
Rivera, Mark T., Soderstrom, Sara B., and Uzzi, Brian. 2010. “Dynamics of Dyads in Social Networks: Assortative, Relational, and Proximity Mechanisms.” Annual Review of Sociology 36: 91–115.Google Scholar
Sampson, Robert J. 1991. “Linking the Micro- and Macrolevel Dimensions of Community Social Organization.” Social Forces 70(1): 43–64.Google Scholar
Sandefur, Rebecca L., and Laumann, Edward O.. 1998. “A Paradigm for Social Capital.” Rationality and Society 10(4): 481–501.Google Scholar
Saramäki, Jari, Leicht, Elizabeth A., López, Eduardo, Roberts, Sam G. B., Reed-Tsochas, Felix, and Dunbar, Robin I. M.. 2014. “Persistence of Social Signatures in Human Communication.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(3): 942–7.Google Scholar
Sasovova, Zuzana, Mehra, Ajay, Borgatti, Stephen P., and Schippers, Michaéla C. 2010. “Network Churn: The Effects of Self-Monitoring Personality on Brokerage Dynamics.” Administrative Science Quarterly 55(4): 639–70.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis. 2013. “Weak Ties and the Core Discussion Network: Why People Regularly Discuss Important Matters with Unimportant Alters.” Social Networks 35(3): 470–83.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis. 2017. Someone to Talk To. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis, Pamphile, Vontrese Deeds, and Peter, McMahan. 2015. “How Stable Is the Core Discussion Network?” Social Networks 40: 90–102.Google Scholar
Smith, Thomas S., and Stevens, Gregory T.. 1999. “The Architecture of Small Networks: Strong Interaction and Dynamic Organization in Small Social Systems.” American Sociological Review 64(3): 403–20.Google Scholar
Simmel, Georg. [1922] 1955. Conflict and the Web of Group Affiliations. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Simons, Ronald L. 1984. “Specificity and Substitution in the Social Networks of the Elderly.” The International Journal of Aging and Human Development 18(2): 121–39.Google Scholar
Suitor, Jill, Wellman, Barry, and Morgan, David L.. 1997. “It’s about Time: How, Why, and When Networks Change.” Social Networks 19(1): 1–7.Google Scholar
Suitor, Jill, and Keeton, Shirley. 1997. “Once a Friend, Always a Friend? Effects of Homophily on Women’s Support Networks across a Decade.” Social Networks 19(1): 51–62.Google Scholar
Sutcliffe, Alistair, Dunbar, Robin, Binder, Jens, and Arrow, Holly. 2012. “Relationships and the Social Brain: Integrating Psychological and Evolutionary Perspectives.” British Journal of Psychology 103(2): 149–68.Google Scholar
Terhell, Elisabeth L., Marjolein, I. Groenou, Broese van, and Tilburg, Theo Van. 2004. “Network Dynamics in the Long-Term Period after Divorce.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 21(6): 719–38.Google Scholar
Uzzi, Brian. 1996. “The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect.” American Sociological Review 61(4): 674–98.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry. 1979. “The Community Question: The Intimate Networks of East Yorkers.” American Journal of Sociology 84(5): 1201–31.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry. 2001. “Physical Place and Cyberplace: The Rise of Personalized Networking.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25(2): 227–52.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry, and Gulia, Milena. 1999. “The Network Basis of Social Support: A Network Is More than the Sum of Its Ties,” pp. 83–118 in Networks in the Global Village: Life in Contemporary Communities, edited by Wellman, Barry (2018). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry, Wong, Renita Yuk-lin, Tindall, David, and Nazer, Nancy. 1997. “A Decade of Network Change: Turnover, Persistence and Stability in Personal Communities.” Social Networks 19(1): 27–50.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry, and Wortley, Scot. 1990. “Different Strokes from Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support.” American Journal of Sociology 96(3): 558–88.Google Scholar
Wrzus, Cornelia, Hänel, Martha, Wagner, Jenny, and Neyer, Franz J.. 2013. “Social Network Changes and Life Events across the Life Span: A Meta-Analysis.” Psychological Bulletin 139(1): 53.Google Scholar
Varda, Danielle M., Forgette, Rich, Banks, David, and Contractor, Noshir. 2009. “Social Network Methodology in the Study of Disasters: Issues and Insights Prompted by Post-Katrina Research.” Population Research and Policy Review 28(1): 11–29.Google Scholar

References

Barabási, Albert-László, and Bonabeau, Eric. 2003. “Scale-Free Networks.” Scientific American 288(5): 60–9.Google Scholar
Behrman, Jere R., Kohler, Hans-Peter, and Watkins, Susan Cotts. 2002. “Social Networks and Changes in Contraceptive Use over Time: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study in Rural Kenya.” Demography 39(4): 713–38.Google Scholar
Blau, Peter M. 1977. “A Macrosociological Theory of Social Structure.” American Journal of Sociology 83(1): 26–54.Google Scholar
Blau, Peter M., and Schwartz, Joseph E.. 1984. Crosscutting Social Circles: Testing a Macrostructural Theory of Intergroup Relations. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Boyd, Monica. 1989. “Family and Personal Networks in International Migration: Recent Developments and New Agendas.” International Migration Review 23(3): 638–70.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. 1998. “The Gender of Social Capital.” Rationality and Society 10(1): 5–46.Google Scholar
Calvó-Armengol, Antoni, Patacchini, Eleonora, and Zenou, Yves. 2009. “Peer Effects and Social Networks in Education.” The Review of Economic Studies 76(4): 1239–67.Google Scholar
Campbell, David E. 2013. “Social Networks and Political Participation.” Annual Review of Political Science 16: 33–48.Google Scholar
Case, Anne C., and Katz, Lawrence F.. 1991. “The Company You Keep: The Effects of Family and Neighborhood on Disadvantaged Youths.” NBER working paper w3705. Available at: www.nber.org/papers/w3705.pdfGoogle Scholar
Centola, Damon. 2010. “The Spread of Behavior in an Online Social Network Experiment.” Science 329(5996): 1194–7.Google Scholar
Centola, Damon. 2015. “The Social Origins of Networks and Diffusion.” American Journal of Sociology 120(5): 1295–338.Google Scholar
Centola, Damon, and Macy, Michael. 2007. “Complex Contagions and the Weakness of Long Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 113: 702–34.Google Scholar
Nicholas, Christakis, and James, Fowler. 2008. “The Collective Dynamics of Smoking in a Large Social Network.” New England Journal of Medicine 358: 2249–58.Google Scholar
Crosnoe, Robert, Cavanagh, Shannon, and Elder, Glen H. Jr. 2003. “Adolescent Friendships as Academic Resources: The Intersection of Friendship, Race, and School Disadvantage.” Sociological Perspectives 46(3): 331–52.Google Scholar
Curran, Sara R., Garip, Filiz, Chung, Chang Y., and Tangchonlatip, Kanchana. 2005. “Gendered Migrant Social Capital: Evidence from Thailand.” Social Forces 84(1): 225–55.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul, and Garip, Filiz. 2011. “How Network Externalities Can Exacerbate Intergroup Inequality.” American Journal of Sociology 116(6): 1887–933.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul, and Garip, Filiz. 2012. “Network Effects and Social Inequality.” Annual Review of Sociology 38: 93–118.Google Scholar
Doreian, Patrick, and Conti, Norman. 2012. “Social Context, Spatial Structure and Social Network Structure.” Social Networks 34(1): 32–46.Google Scholar
Duflo, Esther, and Saez, Emmanuel. 2002. “Participation and Investment Decisions in a Retirement Plan: The Influence of Colleagues’ Choices.” Journal of Public Economics 85(1): 121–48.Google Scholar
Durand, Jorge, Massey, Douglas S., and Zenteno, Rene M.. 2001. “Mexican Immigration to the United States: Continuities and Changes.” Latin American Research Review 36(1): 1007–127.Google Scholar
Durlauf, Steven N., and Ioannides, Yannis M.. 2010. “Social Interactions.” Annual Review of Economics 2: 451–78.Google Scholar
Ensel, Walter M. 1979. Sex, Social Ties, and Status Attainment. Albany, NY: SUNY-Albany Press.Google Scholar
Entwisle, Barbara, Faust, Katherine, Rindfuss, Ronald R., and Kaneda, Toshiko. 2007. “Networks and Contexts: Variation in the Structure of Social Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 112(5): 1495–533.Google Scholar
Feld, Scott L. 1981. “The Focused Organization of Social Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 86(5): 1015–35.Google Scholar
Fernandez, Roberto M., Castilla, Emilio J., and Moore, Paul. 2000. “Social Capital at Work: Networks and Employment at a Phone Center.” American Journal of Sociology 105(5): 1288–356.Google Scholar
Festinger, Leon, Schachter, Stanley, and Back, Kurt. 1950. Social Pressures in Informal Groups: A Study of Human Factors in Housing. Oxford: Harper.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. 1977. Networks and Places: Social Relations in the Urban Setting. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. 1982. To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Frank, Kenneth A., Muller, Chandra, and Mueller, Anna S.. 2013. “The Embeddedness of Adolescent Friendship Nominations: The Formation of Social Capital in Emergent Network Structures.” American Journal of Sociology 119(1): 216–53.Google Scholar
Frank, Kenneth A., Muller, Chandra, Schiller, Kathryn S., Riegle-Crumb, Catherine, Muller, Anna Strassman, Crosnoe, Robert, and Pearson, Jennifer. 2008. “The Social Dynamics of Mathematics Coursetaking in High School.” American Journal of Sociology 113(6): 1645–96.Google Scholar
Freese, Jeremy, and Lutfey, Karen. 2011. “Fundamental Causality: Challenges of an Animating Concept for Medical Sociology,” pp. 67–81 in Handbook of the Sociology of Health, Illness, and Healing. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Fussell, Elizabeth, and Massey, Douglas S.. 2004. “The Limits to Cumulative Causation: International Migration from Mexican Urban Areas.” Demography 41(1): 151–71.Google Scholar
Gamoran, A. 2011. Designing Instruction and Grouping Students to Enhance the Learning of All: New Hope or False Promise? Frontiers in Sociology of Education 1(1): 111–26.Google Scholar
Garip, Filiz. 2008. “Social Capital and Migration: How Do Similar Resources Lead to Divergent Outcomes?” Demography 45(3): 591–617.Google Scholar
Garip, Filiz. 2014. “The Impact of Migration and Remittances on Wealth Accumulation and Distribution in Rural Thailand.” Demography 51(2): 673–98.Google Scholar
Garip, Filiz. 2016. On the Move: Changing Mechanisms of Mexico-U.S. Migration. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Goolsbee, Austan, and Klenow, Peter J.. 2002. “Evidence on Learning and Network Externalities in the Diffusion of Home Computers.” The Journal of Law and Economics 45(2): 317–43.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. 1974. Getting a Job. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hagan, Jacqueline M. 1998. “Social Networks, Gender, and Immigrant Incorporation: Resources and Constraints.” American Sociological Review 63: 55–67.Google Scholar
Haug, Sonja. 2008. “Migration Networks and Migration Decision-Making.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 34(4): 585–605.Google Scholar
Hoxby, Caroline M., and Weingarth, Gretchen. 2005. “Taking Race Out of the Equation: School Reassignment and the Structure of Peer Effects.” Working paper. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.472.2561&rep=rep1&type=pdf [last accessed February 13, 2021].Google Scholar
Ioannides, Yannis M., and Loury, Linda Datcher. 2004. “Job Information Networks, Neighborhood Effects, and Inequality.” Journal of Economic Literature 42(4): 1056–93.Google Scholar
Isakov, Alexander, Fowler, James H., Airoldi, Edoardo M., and Christakis, Nicholas A.. 2019. “The Structure of Negative Social Ties in Rural Village Networks.” Sociological Science 6: 197–218.Google Scholar
Sanders, Korenman, and Turner, Susan. 1996. “Employment Contacts and Minority-White Wage Differences.” Industrial Relations 35(1): 106–22.Google Scholar
Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Watts, Duncan J.. 2006. “Empirical Analysis of an Evolving Social Network.” Science 311(5757): 88–90.Google Scholar
Kreager, Derek A., and Haynie, Dana L.. 2011. “Dangerous Liaisons? Dating and Drinking Diffusion in Adolescent Peer Networks.” American Sociological Review 76(5): 737–63.Google Scholar
Lewis, Valerie A., MacGregor, Carol Ann, and Putnam, Robert D. 2013. “Religion, Networks, and Neighborliness: The Impact of Religious Social Networks on Civic Engagement.” Social Science Research 42(2): 331–46.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan. 1999. “Social Networks and Status Attainment.” Annual Review of Sociology 25(1): 467–87.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan, Ensel, Walter M., and Vaughn, John C.. 1981. “Social Resources and Strength of Ties: Structural Factors in Occupational Status Attainment.” American Sociological Review 46(4): 393–405.Google Scholar
Louch, Hugh. 2000. “Personal Network Integration: Transitivity and Homophily in Strong-Tie Relations.” Social Networks 22(1): 45–64.Google Scholar
Marmaros, David, and Sacerdote, Bruce. 2002. “Peer and Social Networks in Job Search.” European Economic Review 46(4–5): 870–9.Google Scholar
Marsden, Peter V. 1987. “Core Discussion Networks of Americans.” American Sociological Review 52(1): 122–31.Google Scholar
Marsden, Peter V., and Gorman, Elizabeth H.. 2001. “Social Networks, Job Changes, and Recruitment,” pp. 467–502 in Sourcebook of Labor Markets: Evolving Structure and Processes, edited by Berg, I. and Kalleberg, A. L.. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.Google Scholar
Massey, Douglas S. 1990. “Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration.” Population Index 56(1): 3–26.Google Scholar
Massey, Douglas S., and Espinosa, Kristin E.. 1997. “What’s Driving Mexico-US Migration? A Theoretical, Empirical, and Policy Analysis.” American Journal of Sociology 102(4): 939–99.Google Scholar
McFarland, Daniel A., Moody, James, Diehl, David, Smith, Jeffrey A., and Thomas, Reuben J.. 2014. “Network Ecology and Adolescent Social Structure.” American Sociological Review 79(6): 1088–121.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller, Smith-Lovin, Lynn, and Cook, James M.. 2001. “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks.” Annual Review of Sociology 27(1): 415–44.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller, and Smith-Lovin., Lynn 1987. “Homophily in Voluntary Organizations: Status Distance and the Composition of Face-to-Face Groups.” American Sociological Review 52(3): 370–9.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller, Smith-Lovin, Lynn, and Brashears, Matthew E.. 2006. “Social Isolation in America: Changes in Core Discussion Networks over Two Decades.” American Sociological Review 71(3): 353–75.Google Scholar
Mollenhorst, Gerald, Völker, Beate, and Flap, Henk. 2008. “Social Contexts and Personal Relationships: The Effect of Meeting Opportunities on Similarity for Relationships of Different Strength.” Social Networks 30(1): 60–8.Google Scholar
Moody, James. 2001. “Race, School Integration, and Friendship Segregation in America.” American Journal of Sociology 107(3): 679–716.Google Scholar
Morenoff, Jeffrey D., Sampson, Robert J., and Raudenbush, Stephen W.. 2001. “Neighborhood Inequality, Collective Efficacy, and the Spatial Dynamics of Urban Violence.” Criminology 39(3): 517–58.Google Scholar
Paluck, Elizabeth L., Shepherd, Hana, and Aronow, Peter M.. 2013. “Changing Climates of Conflict: A Social Network Experiment in 56 Schools, New Jersey.” Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR37070.v1Google Scholar
Pampel, Fred C., Krueger, Patrick M., and Denney, Justin T.. 2010. “Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Behaviors.” Annual Review of Sociology 36: 349–70.Google Scholar
Pattie, Charles, and Johnston, Ron. 1999. “Context, Conversation and Conviction: Social Networks and Voting at the 1992 British General Election.” Political Studies 47(5): 877–89.Google Scholar
Pearl, Judea, and Mackenzie, Dana. 2018. The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea L., and Pescosolido, Bernice A.. 2015. “Social Network Activation: The Role of Health Discussion Partners in Recovery from Mental Illness.” Social Science & Medicine 125: 116–28.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice A. 1986. “Migration, Medical Care Preferences and the Lay Referral System: A Network Theory of Role Assimilation.” American Sociological Review 51(4): 523–40.Google Scholar
Pescosolido, Bernice A. 2006. “Of Pride and Prejudice: The Role of Sociology and Social Networks in Integrating the Health Sciences.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 47(3): 189–208.Google Scholar
Petersen, Trond, Saporta, Ishak, and Seidel, Marc-David L. 2000. “Offering a Job: Meritocracy and Social Networks.” American Journal of Sociology 106(3): 763–816.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, Thomas. 1998. “Intergroup Contact Theory.” Annual Review of Psychology 49: 65–85.Google Scholar
Reskin, Barbara F., McBrier, Debra B., and Kmec, Julie A.. 1999. “The Determinants and Consequences of Workplace Sex and Race Composition.” Annual Review of Sociology 25(1): 335–61.Google Scholar
Richardson, R. J., Erickson, Bonnie H., and Nosanchuk, Terry A.. 1979. “Community Size, Network Structure, and the Flow of Information.” Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 4(4): 379–92.Google Scholar
Riosmena, Fernando, and Massey, Douglas S.. 2012. “Pathways to El Norte: Origins, Destinations, and Characteristics of Mexican Migrants to the United States.” International Migration Review 46(1): 3–36.Google Scholar
Roethlisberger, Fritz J., Dickson, William J.. 1939. Management and the Worker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Sacerdote, Bruce. 2011. “Peer Effects in Education: How Might They Work, How Big Are They and How Much Do We Know Thus Far?”, pp.249–77 in Handbook of the Economics of Education, vol. 3, edited by Hanushek, Eric A., Machin, Stephen, and Woessmann, Ludger. New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Sampson, Robert J., Morenoff, Jeffrey D., and Gannon-Rowley., Thomas 2002. “Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research.” Annual Review of Sociology 28(1): 443–78.Google Scholar
Seidel, Marc-David L., Polzer, Jeffrey T., and Stewart, Katherine J.. 2000. “Friends in High Places: The Effects of Social Networks on Discrimination in Salary Negotiations.” Administrative Science Quarterly 45(1): 1–24.Google Scholar
Shepherd, Hana. 2020. “Organizational Practices and Workplace Relationships in Precarious Work: New Survey Evidence.” Working paper. Available at: 10.31235/osf.io/tfrhdGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, Hana, and Lane, Jeff. 2019. “In the Mix: Social Integration and Social Media Adoption.” Social Science Research 82: 1–17.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis. 2007. “Racial Differences in Networks: Do Neighborhood Conditions Matter?” Social Science Quarterly 88(2): 320–43.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis. 2009. Unanticipated Gains: Origins of Network Inequality in Everyday Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis, and Adler, Laura. 2019. “The Role of Space in the Formation of Social Ties.” Annual Review of Sociology 45: 111–32.Google Scholar
Smith, Kirsten P., and Christakis, Nicholas A.. 2008. “Social Networks and Health.” Annual Review of Sociology 34: 405–29.Google Scholar
Smith, Sandra Susan. 2005. “‘Don’t Put My Name On It’: Social Capital Activation and Job-Finding Assistance among the Black Urban Poor.” American Journal of Sociology 111(1): 1–57.Google Scholar
Smith, Sandra Susan. 2007. Lone Pursuit: Distrust and Defensive Individualism among the Black Poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
South, Scott J., and Messner, Steven F.. 1986. “Structural Determinants of Intergroup Association: Interracial Marriage and Crime.” American Journal of Sociology 91(6): 1409–30.Google Scholar
Stack, Carol B. 1974. All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Watts, Duncan J. 1999. “Networks, Dynamics, and the Small-World Phenomenon.” American Journal of Sociology 105(2): 493–527.Google Scholar
Watts, Duncan J., Dodds, Peter S., and Newman, Mark E. J.. 2002. “Identity and Search in Social Networks.” Science 296(5571): 1302–5.Google Scholar
Watts, Duncan J., and Strogatz, Steven H.. 1998. “Collective Dynamics of ‘Small-World’ Networks.” Nature 393(6684): 440–2.Google Scholar
Zhao, Linda, and Garip, Filiz. In press. “Network Diffusion under Homophily and Consolidation as a Mechanism for Social Inequality.” Sociological Methods & Research.Google Scholar

References

Banerjee, Rupa, Reitz, Jeffrey G., and Oreopoulos, Phil. 2018. “Do Large Employers Treat Racial Minorities More Fairly? An Analysis of Canadian Field Experiment Data.” Canadian Public Policy 44: 1–12.Google Scholar
Bearman, Peter, and Parigi, Paolo. 2004. “Cloning Headless Frogs and Other Important Matters: Conversation Topics and Network Structure.” Social Forces 83: 535–57.Google Scholar
Bird, Karen. 2016. “Understanding the Local Diversity Gap: Supply and Demand of Visible Minority Candidates in Ontario Municipal Politics.” In Just Ordinary Citizens? Towards a Comparative Portrait of the Political Immigrant, edited by Bilodeau, Antoine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2019. “Feeling Race: Theorizing the Racial Economy of Emotions.” American Sociological Review 84: 1–25.Google Scholar
Bottero, Wendy, and Crossley, Nick. 2011. “Worlds, Fields and Networks: Becker, Bourdieu and the Structures of Social Relations.” Cultural Sociology 5: 99–119.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Branker, Ron R. 2017a. “Labour Market Discrimination: The Lived Experiences of English-Speaking Caribbean Immigrants in Toronto.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 18: 203–22.Google Scholar
Branker, Ron R. 2017b. “How do English-Speaking Caribbean Immigrants in Toronto Find Jobs? Exploring the Relevance of Social Networks.” Canadian Ethnic Studies 49: 51–70.Google Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers. 1985. “Rethinking Classical Theory: The Sociological Vision of Pierre Bourdieu.” Theory and Society 14: 745–75.Google Scholar
Cardon, Dominique and Granjon, Fabien. 2005. “Social Networks and Cultural Practices: A Case Study of Young Avid Screen Users in France.” Social Networks 27(4): 301–15.Google Scholar
Carter, Prudence L. 2003. “‘Black’ Cultural Capital, Status Positioning, and Schooling Conflicts for Low-Income African American Youth.” Social Problems 50: 136–55.Google Scholar
Chen, Wenhong. 2015. “Mediatizing the Network Model of Cultural Capital: Network Diversity, Media Use, and Cultural Knowledge along and across Ethnic Boundaries.” Social Networks 40: 185–96.Google Scholar
Chen, Zoey, and Berger, Jonah. 2013. “When, Why, and How Controversy Causes Conversation.” Journal of Consumer Research 40: 580–93.Google Scholar
Cote, Rochelle R. 2012. “Networks of Advantage: Urban Indigenous Entrepreneurship and the Importance of Social Capital.” In Well-Being in the Urban Aboriginal Community, edited by Newhouse, D., Fitzmaurice, K., McGuire-Adams, T., and Jette, D.. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.Google Scholar
Cowan, Sarah K., and Baldassarri, Delia. 2018. “‘It Could Turn Ugly’: Selective Disclosure of Attitudes in Political Discussion Networks.” Social Networks 52: 1–17.Google Scholar
Denis, Jeffrey S. 2015. “Contact Theory in a Small-Town Settler-Colonial Context: The Reproduction of Laissez-Faire Racism in Indigenous-White Canadian Relations.” American Sociological Review 80: 218–42.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul. 1987. “Classification in Art.” American Sociological Review 52: 440–55.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul, and Ostrower, Francie. 1990. “Participation in the Arts by Black and White Americans.” Social Forces 68(3): 753–78.Google Scholar
Eliasoph, Nina. 1999. “‘Everyday Racism’ in a Culture of Political Avoidance: Civil Society, Speech, and Taboo.” Social Problems 46: 479–502.Google Scholar
Erickson, Bonnie H. 1996. “Culture, Class, and Connections.” American Journal of Sociology 102: 217–51.Google Scholar
Erickson, Bonnie H. 2001. “Good Networks and Good Jobs: The Value of Social Capital to Employers and Employees,” pp. 127–58 in Social Capital: Theory and Research, edited by Lin, Nan, Cook, Karen, and Burt, Ronald S. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Erickson, Bonnie H. 2004. “The Distribution of Gendered Social Capital in Canada,” pp. 27–50 in Creation and Returns of Social Capital: A New Research Program, edited by Flap, Henk and Völker, Beate. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78: 1360–80.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. 1995. Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers, 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press (including his Afterword 1994).Google Scholar
Lewis, Kevin, Kaufman, Jason, Gonzales, Marco, Wimmer, Andreas, and Christakis, Nicholas. 2008. Social Networks 30: 330–42.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan. 1999. “Social Networks and Status Attainment.” Annual Review of Sociology 25: 467–87.Google Scholar
Lizardo, Omar. 2016. “Why ‘Culture Matters’ Matter: Culture Talk as the Mobilization of Cultural Capital in Interaction.” Poetics 58: 1–17.Google Scholar
Lizardo, Omar, and Collett, Jessica L.. 2013. “Embarrassment and Social Organization: A Multiple Identities Model.” Social Forces 92(1): 353–75.Google Scholar
Lizardo, Omar, and Skiles, Sara. 2015. “Musical Taste and Patterns of Symbolic Exclusion in the United States 1993–2012: Generational Dynamics of Differentiation and Continuity.” Poetics 53: 9–21.Google Scholar
Lu, Wei-Ting. 2013. “Confucius or Mozart? Community Cultural Wealth and Upward Mobility among Children of Chinese Immigrants.” Qualitative Sociology 36: 303–21.Google Scholar
Mannheim, Karl. 1952. “The Problem of Generations.” Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge. By Karl Mannheim. Edited by Paul Kecskemeti. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Philosophy 28(106): 278–9. doi:10.1017/S003181910005960XGoogle Scholar
Meng, Yunliang. 2017. “Profiling Minorities: Police Stop and Search Practices in Toronto.” Human Geographies 11: 5–23.Google Scholar
Owusu-Bempah, Akwasi, and Wortley, Scot. 2014. “Race, Crime, and Criminal Justice in Canada.” The Oxford Handbook of Ethnicity, Crime, and Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Reitz, Jeffrey G., Banerjee, Rupa. 2007. “Ethnocultural Communities: Participation and Social Cohesion,” pp. 489–545 in The Art of the State, Volume III: Belonging? Diversity, Recognition and Shared Citizenship in Canada, edited by Keith Banting, J. Courchene, and Leslie Seidie, F.. Montreal: The Institute for Research on Public Policy.Google Scholar
Siemiatycki, Myer, and Saloojee, Anver. 2002. “Ethnoracial Political Representation in Toronto: Patterns and Problems.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 3: 241–73.Google Scholar
Simmel, Georg. 1971. “Sociability,” pp. 127–40 in Georg Simmel on Individuality and Social Forms, edited by Levine, Donald N.. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Sandra. 2010. “A Test of Sincerity: How Black and Latino Service Workers Make Decisions about Making Referrals.” The Annals of the American Academy of Social Sciences 629: 30–52.Google Scholar
Weber, Max, as translated by Dagmar Waters et al. 2010. “The Distribution of Power within the Community: Classes, Stande, Parties.” Journal of Classical Sociology 10: 137–52.Google Scholar
Weeden, Kim A., and David, B. Grusky. 2005. “The Case for a New Class Map.” American Journal of Sociology 111: 141–212.Google Scholar
Wimmer, Andreas. 2008. “The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 113(4): 970–1022.Google Scholar
Wortley, Scot, and Owusu-Bempah, Akwasi. 2011. “The Usual Suspects: Police Stop and Search Practices in Canada.” Policing and Society 21(4): 395–407.Google Scholar
Wortley, Scot, Macmillan, Ross, and Hannigan, John. 1997. “Just Des(s)erts? The Racial Polarization of Perceptions of Criminal Injustice.” Law and Society Review 31: 637–76.Google Scholar

References

Ager, Alastair, and Strang, Alison. 2008. “Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework.” Journal of Refugee Studies 21(2): 166–91.Google Scholar
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina, Georges, Annie, and Pozo, Susan. 2010. “Migration, Remittances, and Children’s Schooling in Haiti.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 630(1): 224–44.Google Scholar
Arar, Rawan M. 2016. “How Political Migrants’ Networks Differ from Those of Economic Migrants: ‘Strategic Anonymity’ among Iraqi Refugees in Jordan.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42(3): 519–35.Google Scholar
Bashi, Vilna F. 2007. Survival of the Knitted: Immigrant Social Networks in a Stratified World. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Beauchemin, Cris, and Amparo, González-Ferrer. 2011. “Sampling International Migrants with Origin-Based Snowballing Method: New Evidence on Biases and Limitations.” Demographic Research 25: 103–34.Google Scholar
Beine, Michel, Docquier, Frédéric, and Çaǧlar, Özden. 2015. “Dissecting Network Externalities in International Migration.” Journal of Demographic Economics 81(4): 379–408.Google Scholar
Berlemann, Michael, and Steinhardt, Max Friedrich. 2017. “Climate Change, Natural Disasters, and Migration: A Survey of the Empirical Evidence.” CESifo Economic Studies 63(4): 353–85.Google Scholar
Bidart, Claire, Degenne, Alain, and Grossetti, Michel. 2011. La Vie En Réseau: Dynamique Des Relations Sociales. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Bidart, Claire, and Lavenu, Daniel. 2005. “Evolutions of Personal Networks and Life Events.” Social Networks 27(4): 359–76.Google Scholar
Bilecen, Başak, Gamper, Markus, and Lubbers, Miranda J.. 2018. “The Missing Link: Social Network Analysis in Migration and Transnationalism.” Social Networks 53(1): 1–3.Google Scholar
Bilecen, Başak, and Sienkiewicz, Joanna J.. 2015. “Informal Social Protection Networks of Migrants: Typical Patterns in Different Transnational Social Spaces.” Population, Space and Place 21: 227–43.Google Scholar
Bojarczuk, Sara, and Peter, Mühlau. 2018. “Mobilising Social Network Support for Childcare: The Case of Polish Migrant Mothers in Dublin.” Social Networks 53: 101–10.Google Scholar
Boyd, Monica. 1989. “Family and Personal Networks in International Migration: Recent Developments and New Agendas.” International Migration Review 23(3): 638–70.Google Scholar
Brandes, Ulrik, Lerner, Jürgen, Lubbers, Miranda J., McCarty, Christopher, Molina, José Luis, and Nagel, Uwe. 2010. “Recognizing Modes of Acculturation in Personal Networks of Migrants.” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 4: 4–13.Google Scholar
Cederberg, Maja. 2012. “Migrant Networks and Beyond: Exploring the Value of the Notion of Social Capital for Making Sense of Ethnic Inequalities.” Acta Sociologica 55(1): 59–72.Google Scholar
Chiswick, Barry R., and Miller, Paul W.. 2005. “Do Enclaves Matter in Immigrant Adjustment?” City and Community 4(1): 5–35.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Collyer, Michael. 2005. “When Do Social Networks Fail to Explain Migration? Accounting for the Movement of Algerian Asylum-Seekers to the UK.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31(4): 699–718.Google Scholar
Curran, Sara R., and Rivero-Fuentes., Estela 2003. “Engendering Migrant Networks: The Case of Mexican Migration.” Demography 40(2): 289–307.Google Scholar
Curry, Oliver Scott, Mullins, Daniel Austin, and Whitehouse, Harvey. 2019. “Is It Good to Cooperate? Testing the Theory of Morality-as-Cooperation in 60 Societies.” Current Anthropology 60(1): 47–69.Google Scholar
Dahinden, Janine. 2005. “Contesting Transnationalism? Lessons from the Study of Albanian Migration Networks from Former Yugoslavia.” Global Networks 5(2): 191–208.Google Scholar
Dahinden, Janine. 2009. “Are We All Transnationals Now? Network Transnationalism and Transnational Subjectivity: The Differing Impacts of Globalization on the Inhabitants of a Small Swiss City.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 32: 1365–86.Google Scholar
Dahinden, Janine. 2016. “A Plea for the ‘de-Migranticization’ of Research on Migration and Integration.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 39(13): 2207–25.Google Scholar
Dekker, Rianne, and Engbersen, Godfried. 2014. “How Social Media Transform Migrant Networks and Facilitate Migration.” Global Networks 14(4): 401–18.Google Scholar
Engbersen, Godfried, Snel, Erik, and Esteves, Alina. 2016. “Migration Mechanisms of the Middle Range: On the Concept of Reverse Cumulative Causation,” pp. 205–30 in Beyond Networks: Feedback in International Migration, edited by Bakewell, O., Engbersen, G., Fonseca, M. L., and Horst, C.. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Epstein, Gil. 2008. “Herd and Network Effects in Migration Decision-Making.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 34(4): 567–83.Google Scholar
Esser, Hartmut. 2000. Soziologie. Spezielle Grundlagen. Band 2: Die Konstruktion Der Gesellschaft. Frankfurt and New York: Campus.Google Scholar
Faist, Thomas. 1998. “Transnational Social Spaces out of International Migration: Evolution, Significance and Future Prospects.” European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie / Europäisches Archiv Für Soziologie 39(2): 213–47.Google Scholar
Olwig, Fog, Karen. 2007. Caribbean Journeys: An Ethnography of Migration and Home in Three Family Networks. Durham and London: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Fouron, Georges, and Schiller, Nina Glick. 2001. “All in the Family: Gender, Transnational Migration, and the Nation-State.” Identities 7(4): 539–82.Google Scholar
Gans, Herbert J. 1992. “Ethnic Invention and Acculturation: A Bumpy-Line Approach.” Journal of American Ethnic History 11: 42–52.Google Scholar
Garip, Filiz. 2016. On the Move: Changing Mechanisms of Mexico-U.S. Migration. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Garip, Filiz, and Asad, Asad L.. 2016. “Network Effects in Mexico-U.S. Migration: Disentangling the Underlying Social Mechanisms.” American Behavioral Scientist 60(10): 1168–93.Google Scholar
Glazer, Nathan, and Moynihan, Daniel P.. 1963. Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Glick Schiller, Nina, and Ayse, Çağlar. 2016. “Displacement, Emplacement and Migrant Newcomers: Rethinking Urban Sociabilities within Multiscalar Power.” Identities 23(1): 17–34.Google Scholar
Glick Schiller, Nina, and Fouron, Georges E.. 1999. “Terrains of Blood and Nation: Haitian Transnational Social Fields.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 22(2): 340–66.Google Scholar
Gordon, Milton M. 1964. Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78(6): 1360–80.Google Scholar
Guarnizo, Luis E. 1997. “The Emergence of a Transnational Social Formation and The Mirage of Return Migration among Dominican Transmigrants.” Identities 4(2): 281–322.Google Scholar
Gurak, Douglas, and Caces, Fe. 1992. “Migration Networks and the Shaping of Migration Systems,” pp. 150–76 in International Migration Systems: A Global Approach, edited by Kritz, M. M., Lean Lim, L., and Zlotnix., H. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Haas, Hein de. 2010. “The Internal Dynamics of Migration Processes: A Theoretical Inquiry.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36(10): 1587–617.Google Scholar
Hagan, Jacqueline, Leal, David, and Rodriguez, Nestor. 2015. “Deporting Social Capital: Implications for Immigrant Communities in the United States.” Migration Studies 3(3): 370–92.Google Scholar
Hastrup, Kirsten, and Olwig, Karen Fog. 2012. Climate Change and Human Mobility: Challenges to the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haug, Sonja. 2008. “Migration Networks and Migration Decision-Making.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 34(4): 585–605.Google Scholar
Herz, Andreas. 2015. “Relational Constitution of Social Support in Migrants’ Transnational Personal Communities.” Social Networks 40: 64–74.Google Scholar
Hosnedlová, Renáta. 2017. “Embedded Settlement Intentions: The Case of Ukrainians in Madrid.” Social Networks 49: 48–66.Google Scholar
Kalish, Yuval, and Robins, Garry. 2006. “Psychological Predispositions and Network Structure: The Relationship between Individual Predispositions, Structural Holes and Network Closure.” Social Networks 28(1): 56–84.Google Scholar
Kloosterman, Robert C., and Rath, Jan. 2018. “Mixed Embeddedness Revisited: A Conclusion to the Symposium.” Sociologica 12(2): 103–14.Google Scholar
Kloosterman, Robert, Der Van Leun, Joanne, and Rath, Jan. 1999. “Mixed Embeddedness: (In)Formal Economic Activities and Immigrant Businesses in the Netherlands.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 23(2): 252–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komito, Lee. 2011. “Social Media and Migration: Virtual Community 2.0.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 62(6): 1075–86.Google Scholar
Korinek, Kim, Entwistle, Barbara, and Jampaklay, Aree. 2005. “Through Thick and Thin: Layers of Social Ties and Urban Settlement among Thai Migrants.” American Sociological Review 70: 779–800.Google Scholar
Krissmann, Fred. 2005. “Sin Coyote Ni Patrón: Why the ‘Migrant Network’ Fails to Explain International Migration.” International Migration Review 39(1): 4–44.Google Scholar
Lamont, Michèle, and Pierson, Paul. 2019. “Inequality Generation and Persistence as Multidimensional Processes: An Interdisciplinary Agenda.” Daedalus 148(3): 5–18.Google Scholar
Lášticová, Barbara. 2014. “New Media, Social Capital and Transnational Migration: Slovaks in the UK.” Human Affairs 24(4): 406–22.Google Scholar
León, Jason De. 2015. The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant Trail. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Lerner, Jürgen, Lubbers, Miranda J., Molina, José Luis, and Brandes, Ulrik. 2014. “Social Capital Companion: Capturing Personal Networks as They Are Lived.” Grafo Working Papers 3: 18–37.Google Scholar
Light, Ivan, and Elsa, von Scheven. 2008. “Mexican Migration Networks in the United States, 1980–2000.” International Migration Review 42(3): 704–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, Nan. 2001. Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lubbers, Miranda J., Verdery, Ashton M., and Molina, José Luis. 2020. “Social Networks and Transnational Social Fields: A Review of Quantitative and Mixed-Methods Approaches.” International Migration Review 54(1): 177–204.Google Scholar
Lubbers, Miranda J., Molina, José Luis, Lerner, Jürgen, Brandes, Ulrik, Ávila, Javier, and McCarty, Christopher M.. 2010. “Longitudinal Analysis of Personal Networks. The Case of Argentinean Migrants in Spain.” Social Networks 32(1): 91–104.Google Scholar
Lubbers, Miranda J., Molina, José Luis, and Christopher, McCarty. 2007. “Personal Networks and Ethnic Identifications: The Case of Migrants in Spain.” International Sociology 22(6): 721–41.Google Scholar
Lubbers, Miranda J., Molina, José Luis, and Christopher, McCarty. In press. “How Do Migrants’ Processes of Social Embedding Unfold Over Time?” Global Networks. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12297Google Scholar
MacDonald, John S., and MacDonald, Leatrice D.. 1964. “Chain Migration, Ethnic Neighborhood Formation and Social Networks.” The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 42(1): 82.Google Scholar
Mahler, Sarah J. 1995. American Dreaming: Immigrant Life on the Margins. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mandić, Danilo. 2017. “Trafficking and Syrian Refugee Smuggling: Evidence from the Balkan Route.” Social Inclusion 5(2): 28–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marin, Alexandra, and Hampton, Keith N.. 2019. “Network Instability in Times of Stability.” Sociological Forum 34(2): 313–36.Google Scholar
Martinovic, Borja, Van Tubergen, Frank, and Maas, Ineke. 2015. “A Longitudinal Study of Interethnic Contacts in Germany: Estimates from a Multilevel Growth Curve Model.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 41(1): 83–100.Google Scholar
Massey, Douglas S. 1987. “The Ethnosurvey in Theory and Practice.” International Migration Review 21(4): 1498–522.Google Scholar
Massey, Douglas S. 1990. “Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration.” Population Index 56(1): 3–26.Google Scholar
Massey, Douglas S., Arango, Joaquin, Hugo, Graeme, Kouaouci, Ali, Pellegrino, Adela, and Edward Taylor, J.. 1993. “Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal.” Population and Development Review 19(3): 431–66.Google Scholar
Massey, Douglas S., Goldring, Luin, and Durand, Jorge. 1994. “Continuities in Transnational Migration: An Analysis of Nineteen Mexican Communities.” American Journal of Sociology 99(6): 1492–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mauss, Marcel. 1990 [1923]. The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mazzucato, Valentina. 2011. “Reverse Remittances in the Migration-Development Nexus: Two-Way Flows between Ghana and the Netherlands.” Population, Space and Place 17(5): 454–68.Google Scholar
Mazzucato, Valentina, Dankyi, Ernestina, and Poeze, Miranda. 2017. “Mapping Transnational Networks of Care from a Multi-Actor and Multi-Sited Perspective,” pp. 269–84 in Situating Children of Migrants across Borders and Origins: A Methodological Overview, edited by Bolzman, C., Bernardi, L., and Le Goff, J-M. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller, Smith-Lovin, Lynn, and Brashears, Matthew E.. 2006. “Social Isolation in America: Changes in Core Discussion Networks over Two Decades.” American Sociological Review 73(6): 353–75.Google Scholar
Meeteren, Masja van, and Pereira, Sonia. 2018. “Beyond the ‘Migrant Network’? Exploring Assistance Received in the Migration of Brazilians to Portugal and the Netherlands.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 19(4): 925–44.Google Scholar
Menjívar, Cecilia. 2000. Fragmented Ties: Salvadoran Immigrant Networks in America. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Molina, José Luis, Martínez-Cháfer, Luis, Molina-Morales, Francesc Xavier, and Lubbers, Miranda J.. 2018. “Industrial Districts and Migrant Enclaves: A Model of Interaction.” European Planning Studies 26(6): 1160–80.Google Scholar
Morgan, David L., Neal, Margaret B., and Carder, Paula. 1997. “The Stability of Core and Peripheral Networks over Time.” Social Networks 19: 9–25.Google Scholar
Mouw, Ted, Chavez, Sergio, Edelblute, Heather, and Verdery, Ashton. 2014. “Binational Social Networks and Assimilation: A Test of the Importance of Transnationalism.” Social Problems 61(3): 329–59.Google Scholar
Pathirage, Jagath, and Collyer, Michael. 2011. “Capitalizing Social Networks: Sri Lankan Migration to Italy.” Ethnography 12(3): 315–33.Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro. 1998. “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology.” Annual Review of Sociology 24(1): 1–24.Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro, and Sensenbrenner, Julia. 1993. “Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action.” American Journal of Sociology 98(6): 1320–50.Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro, and Zhou, Min. 1993. “The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 530: 74–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. 1993. Making Democracy Work. Civil Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Rainee, Lee, and Wellman, Barry. 2012. Networked: The New Social Operating System. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Real, Deisy Del. 2019. “Toxic Ties: The Reproduction of Legal Violence within Mixed-Status Intimate Partners, Relatives, and Friends.” International Migration Review 53(2): 548–70.Google Scholar
Ritchey, P. Neal. 1976. “Explanations of Migration.” Annual Review of Sociology 2(1): 363–404.Google Scholar
Rouse, R. 1992. “Making Sense of Settlement: Class Transformation, Cultural Struggle, and Transnationalism among Mexican Migrants in the United States.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 645: 25–52.Google Scholar
Ryan, Louise. 2018. “Differentiated Embedding: Polish Migrants in London Negotiating Belonging over Time.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44(2): 233–51.Google Scholar
Ryan, Louise, Sales, Rosemary, Tilki, Mary, and Siara, Bernadetta. 2008. “Social Networks, Social Support and Social Capital: The Experiences of Recent Polish Migrants in London.” Sociology 42(4): 672–90.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L. 2009. Unanticipated Gains: Origins of Network Inequality in Everyday Life. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario L., and Adler, Laura. 2019. “The Role of Space in the Formation of Social Ties.” Annual Review of Sociology 45(1): 111–32.Google Scholar
Smith, Robert C. 2005. Mexican New York: Transnational Lives of New Immigrants. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Spencer, Sarah. 2011. The Migration Debate. Bristol: The Policy Press.Google Scholar
Spyratos, Spyratos., Vespe, Michele, Rango, Michele, Zagheni, Emilio, Weber, Ingmar, and Natale, Fabrizio. 2018. “Migration Data Using Social Media: A European Perspective.” Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/964282Google Scholar
Stepick, Alex, and Stepick, Carol Dutton. 2010. “The Complexities and Confusions of Segmented Assimilation.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 33(7): 1149–67.Google Scholar
Strang, Alison B., and Quinn, Neil. 2019. “Integration or Isolation? Refugees’ Social Connections and Wellbeing.” Journal of Refugee Studies 40: 1–26.Google Scholar
Tillema, Taede, Dijst, Martin, and Schwanen, Tim. 2010. “Face-to-Face and Electronic Communications in Maintaining Social Networks: The Influence of Geographical and Relational Distance and of Information Content.” New Media and Society 12 (6): 965–83.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1998. Durable Inequality. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles, and Harold Brown, C.. 1967. “On Uprooting, Kinship and the Auspices of Migration.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 8(2): 139–64.Google Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2019. “International Migrant Stock 2019.” Available at: www.unmigration.orgGoogle Scholar
Vacca, Raffaele, Solano, Giacomo, Lubbers, Miranda J., Molina, José Luis, and McCarty, Christopher. 2018. “A Personal Network Approach to the Study of Immigrant Structural Assimilation and Transnationalism.” Social Networks 53: 72–89.Google Scholar
Hugo, Valenzuela García, Molina, José Luis, Macías, Alejandro García, Lubbers, Miranda J., Pampalona, Judith, and Lerner, Jürgen. 2014. “On Heterogeneous and Homogenous Networks in a Multilayered Reality. Clashing Interests in the Ethnic Enclave of Lloret de Mar.” Societies 4: 85–104.Google Scholar
Vertovec, Steven. 2007a. “Super-Diversity and Its Implications”. Ethnic and Racial Studies 30(6): 1024–54.Google Scholar
Vertovec, Steven. 2007b. “Migrant Transnationalism and Modes of Transformation,” pp. 149–80 in Rethinking Migration: New Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives, edited by Portes, A. and DeWind, J.. New York: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Wessendorf, Susanne, and Phillimore, Jenny. 2019. “New Migrants’ Social Integration, Embedding and Emplacement in Superdiverse Contexts.” Sociology 53(1): 123–38.Google Scholar
Wilson, Tamar Diana. 1998. “Weak Ties, Strong Ties: Network Principles in Mexican Migration.” Human Organization 57(4): 394–403.Google Scholar
Wimmer, Andreas, and Schiller, Nina Glick. 2002. “Methodological Nationalism and Beyond: Nation-State Building, Migration and the Social Sciences.” Global Networks 2(4): 301–34.Google Scholar
Wissink, Marieke, and Mazzucato, Valentina. 2018. “In Transit: Changing Social Networks of Sub-Saharan African Migrants in Turkey and Greece.” Social Networks 53: 30–41.Google Scholar
Woolcock, Michael. 1998. “Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis and Policy Framework.” Theory and Society 27(2): 151–208.Google Scholar
Wrzus, Cornelia, Hänel, Martha, Wagner, Jenny, and Neyer, Franz J.. 2013. “Social Network Changes and Life Events across the Life Span: A Meta-Analysis.” Psychological Bulletin 139(1): 53–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhou, Min. 2014. “Segmented Assimilation and Socio-Economic Integration of Chinese Immigrant Children in the USA.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 37(7): 1172–83.Google Scholar

References

Abul-Fottouh, Deena, and Fetner, Tina. 2018. “Solidarity or Schism: Ideological Congruence and the Twitter Networks of Egyptian Activists.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 23(1): 23–44.Google Scholar
Andrews, Kenneth, and Edwards, Bob. 2005. “The Organizational Structure of Local Environmentalism.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 10(2): 213–34.Google Scholar
Bennett, Daniel, and Fielding, Pam. 1999. The Net Effect: How Cyberadvocacy Is Changing the Political Landscape. Merrifield, VA: e-advocates Press.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P., and Everett, Martin G.. 1997. “Network Analysis of 2-Mode Data.” Social Networks 19(3): 243–69.Google Scholar
Borgatti, Stephen P., and Foster, Pacey. 2003. “The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology.” Journal of Management 29(6): 991–1013.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. 2000. “Decay Functions.” Social Networks 22:1–28.Google Scholar
Caren, Neal, Jowers, Kay, and Gaby, Sarah. 2012. “A Social Movement Online Community: Stormfront and the White Nationalist Movement,” pp. 163–93 in Media, Movements, and Political Change, edited by Earl, J. and Rohlinger, D.. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Coleman, James S. 1988. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94: S95–S120.Google Scholar
Crossley, Nick, Bellotti, Elisa, Gemma Edwards, Martin G. Everett, Johan Koskinen, Tranmer, Mark. 2015. Social Network Analysis for Ego-Nets. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Crossley, Nick, and Diani, Mario. 2018. “Networks and Fields,” pp. 149–66 in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., Kriesi, H., and McCammon, H. J.. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 1990. “The Network Structure of the Italian Ecology Movement.” Social Science Information 29(1): 5–31.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 1992. “The Concept of Social Movement.” The Sociological Review 40(1): 1–25.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 1995. Green Networks: A Structural Analysis of the Italian Environmental Movement. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 1997. “Social Movements and Social Capital: A Network Perspective on Movement Outcomes.” Mobilization: An International Journal 2: 129–47.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 2002. “Network Analysis,” pp. 173–200 in Methods of Social Movement Research, edited by Klandermans, B. and Staggebborg, S.. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 2003. “‘Leaders’ or Brokers? Positions and Influence in Social Movement Networks,” pp. 105–22 in Social Movements and Social Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action, edited by Diani, Mario and McAdam, Doug. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario. 2015. The Cement of Civil Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario, and Mische, Ann. 2015. “Network Approaches and Social Movements,” pp. 306–25 in Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by Porta, Donatella della and Diani, Mario. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario, and McAdam, Doug, (eds.). 2003. Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Earl, Jennifer. 2015. “The Future of Social Movement Organizations: The Waning Dominance of SMOs Online.” American Behavioral Scientist 59(1): 35–52.Google Scholar
Earl, Jennifer. 2018a. “The Promise and Pitfalls of Big Data and Computational Studies of Politics.” Partecipazione e conflitto 11(2): 484–96.Google Scholar
Earl, Jennifer. 2018b. “Technology and Social Media,” pp 289–305 in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, 2nd ed., edited by Kriesi, Hanspeter, Soule, Sarah A., Snow, David A.. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publications.Google Scholar
Earl, Jennifer, and Schussman, Alan. 2003. “The New Site of Activism: On-line Organizations, Movement Entrepreneurs, and the Changing Location of Social Movement Decision-Making.” Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 24: 155–87.Google Scholar
Earl, Jennifer, and Kimport, Katrina. 2011. Digitally Enabled Social Change. Boston, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Earl, Jennifer, and Garrett, Kelly. 2017. “The New Information Frontier: Toward a More Nuanced View of Social Movement Communication.” Social Movement Studies 16(4): 479–93.Google Scholar
Earl, Jennifer, Hurwitz, Heather McKee, Mesinas, Analicia Mejia, Tolan, Margaret, and Arlotti, Ashley. 2013. “This Protest Will Be Tweeted: Twitter and Protest Policing during the Pittsburgh G20.” Information, Communication & Society 16(4): 459–78.Google Scholar
Earl, Jennifer, Hunt, Jayson, Kelly Garrett, R, and Aysenur Dal, . 2015. “New Technologies and Social Movements,” pp. 355–66 in The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by della Porta, Donatella and Diani, Mario. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Earl, Jennifer, Kimport, Katrina, Prieto, Greg, Rush, Carly, and Reynoso, Kimberly. 2010. “Changing the World One Webpage at a Time: Conceptualizing and Explaining ‘Internet Activism.’” Mobilization 15(4): 425–46.Google Scholar
Earl, Jennifer, Copeland, Lauren, and Bimber, Bruce. 2017. “Routing around Organizations: Self-Directed Political Consumption.” Mobilization 22(2): 131–53.Google Scholar
Erickson, Bonnie. 1996. “Culture, Class and Connections.” American Journal of Sociology 102: 217–51.Google Scholar
Everett, Kevin Djo. 1992. “Professionalization and Protest: Changes in the Social Movement Sector, 1961–1983.” Social Forces 70(4): 957–75.Google Scholar
Everett, Martin G., and Borgatti, Stephen P.. 2005. “Ego Network Betweenness.” Social Networks 27(1): 31–8.Google Scholar
Everett, Martin G., Broccatelli, Chiara, Borgatti, Stephen P., and Koskinen, Johan. 2018. “Measuring Knowledge and Experience in Two Mode Temporal Networks.” Social Networks 55: 63–73.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude S. 1982. To Dwell among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, Dana R. 2010a. “On Social Networks and Social Protest: Understanding the Role of Organizational and Personal Ties in Large-Scale Protest Events,” pp. 115–40 in Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, edited by Coy, P.. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Fisher, Dana R. 2010b. “COP-15 in Copenhagen: How the Merging of Movements Left Civil Society Out in the Cold.” Global Environmental Politics 10(2): 11–17.Google Scholar
Fisher, Dana R. 2019. American Resistance: From the Women’s March to the Blue Wave. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, Dana R., and Boekkooi, Marijie. 2010. “Mobilizing Friends and Strangers: Understanding the Role of the Internet in the Step It Up Day of Action.” Information, Communication & Society 13(2): 193–208.Google Scholar
Fisher, Dana R., and McInerney, Paul-Brian. 2012. “The Limits of Networks in Social Movement Retention: On Canvassers and Their Careers.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 17(2): 109–28.Google Scholar
Fisher, Dana R., Andrews, Kenneth T., Caren, Neal, Erica Chenoweth, Michael T. Heaney, Tommy Leung, L. Nathan Perkins, and Jeremy Pressman, . 2019. “The Science of Contemporary Street Protest: New Efforts in the United States.” Science Advances 5(10): eaaw5461.Google Scholar
Foster, Ian, Rayid Ghani, Ron S. Jarmin, Kreuter Frauke, and Lane, Julia, (eds.). 2016. Big Data and Social Science: A Practical Guide to Methods and Tools. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC.Google Scholar
Freeman, Linton C. 1978. “Centrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarification.” Social Networks 1978–1979: 215–39.Google Scholar
Friedkin, Noah E. 2006. A Structural Theory of Social Influence. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Garrett, Kelly R. 2006. “Protest in an Information Society: A Review of Literature on Social Movements and New ICTs.” Information, Communication & Society 9(2): 202–24.Google Scholar
Gerbaudo, Paolo, and Emiliano, Treré. 2015. “In Search of the ‘We’ of Social Media Activism: Introduction to the Special Issue on Social Media and Protest Identities.” Information, Communication & Society 18(8): 865–71.Google Scholar
González-Bailón, Sandra, and Wang, Ning. 2016. “Networked Discontent: The Anatomy of Protest Campaigns in Social Media.” Social Networks 44 (2016): 95–104.Google Scholar
Goodwin, Jeff. 2017. “The Sociology of Terrorism,” pp. 397–406 in The Cambridge Handbook of Sociology: Core Areas in Sociology and the Development of the Discipline, edited by Korgen, Kathleen Odell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gould, Roger V. 2003. “Why Do Networks Matter? Rationalist and Structuralist Interpretations,” pp. 233–57 in Social Movements and Networks, edited by Diani, Mario and McAdam, Doug. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Granovetter, Mark. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78: 1360–80.Google Scholar
Harshaw, Howard W., and Tindall, David B.. 2005. “Social Structure, Identities, and Values: A Network Approach to Understanding People’s Relationships to Forests.” Journal of Leisure Research 37(4): 426–49.Google Scholar
Heaney, Michael, and Rojas, Fabio. 2008. “Coalition Dissolution, Mobilization, and Network Dynamics in the US Antiwar Movement,” pp. 39–82 in Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, edited by Coy, P.. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilson, Christopher J. 2016. “Environmental SLAPPs in the UK: Threat or Opportunity?” Environmental Politics 25(2): 248–67.Google Scholar
Jasper, James M., and Poulsen, Jane D.. 1995. “Recruiting Strangers and Friends: Moral Shocks and Social Networks in Animal Rights and Anti-Nuclear Protests*.” Social Problems 42(4): 493–512.Google Scholar
Kadushin, Charles. 2005. “Who Benefits from Network Analysis: Ethics of Social Network Research.” Social Networks 27(2): 139–53.Google Scholar
Kadushin, Charles. 2012. Understanding Social Networks: Theories, Concepts, and Findings. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Klandermans, Bert. 2015. “Motivations to Action,” pp. 219–30 in The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by Porta, Donatella della and Diani, Mario. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Klandermans, Bert, and Oegema, Dirk. 1987. “Potentials, Networks, Motivations, and Barriers: Steps towards Participation in Social Movements.” American Sociological Review 52: 519–31.Google Scholar
Klandermans, Bert, van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, Damen, Marie-Louise, van Troost, Dunya, and Anouk, van Leeuwen. 2014. “Mobilization without Organization: The Case of Unaffiliated Demonstrators.” European Sociological Review 30(6): 702–16.Google Scholar
Knoke, David, and Yang, Song. 2008. Social Network Analysis, 2nd ed. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Koopmans, Ruud, and Rucht, Dieter. 2002. “Protest Event Analysis,” pp. 231–59 in Methods of Social Movement Research, edited by Klandermans, Bert and Staggenborg, Suzanne. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Krinsky, John, and Crossley, Nick. 2014. “Social Movements and Social Networks: Introduction.” Social Movement Studies 13(1): 1–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2013.862787Google Scholar
Laumann, Edward O. 1973. Bonds of Pluralism: The Form and Substance of Urban Social Networks. New York: J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Lauman, Edward O., Marsden, Peter V., and Prensky, David. 1983. “The Boundary Specification Problem in Network Analysis,” pp. 18–87 in Applied Network Analysis: A Methodological Introduction, edited by Burt, R. and Minor., E. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan. 2002. Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action, vol. 19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan, Yang-chih, Fu, and Hsung, Ray-May. 2001. “The Position Generator: Measurement Techniques for Investigations of Social Capital,” pp. 57–81 in Social Capital: Theory and Research, edited by Lin, N., Cook, K. S., and Burt, R. S.. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Lusher, Dean, Koskinen, Johan, and Robins, Garry. 2013. Exponential Random Graph Models for Social Networks: Theory, Methods, and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Maher, Thomas V., and Earl, Jennifer. 2017. “Pathways to Contemporary Youth Protest: The Continuing Relevance of Family, Friends, and School for Youth Micromobilization,” pp. 55–87 in Social Movements and Media (Studies in Media and Communication Vol. 14), edited by Earl, J. and Rohlinger. Bingley, D.: Emerald Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Maher, Thomas V., and Earl, Jennifer. 2019. “Barrier or Booster? Digital Media, Social Networks, and Youth Micromobilization.” Sociological Perspectives 62(6): 865–83.Google Scholar
Malinick, Todd E., Tindall, David B., and Diani, Mario. 2013. “Network Centrality and Social Movement Media Coverage: A Two-mode Network Analytic Approach.” Social Networks 35: 149–58.Google Scholar
Marsden, Peter V. 2011. “Survey Methods for Network Data,” pp. 370–88 in The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis, edited by Scott, J. and Carrington, P. J.. London: Sage Publications Ltd.Google Scholar
Mattoni, Alice, and Elena, Pavan. 2019. “Activist Media Practices, Alternative Media and Online Digital Traces: The Case of YouTube in the Italian SNOQ Movement.” In Citizen Media and Practice. Currents, Connections, Challenges, edited by Stephansen, H. C. and Treré, E.. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
McAdam, Doug. 1986. “Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer.” American Journal of Sociology 92: 64–90.Google Scholar
McAdam, Doug. 1989. “The Biographical Consequences of Activism.” American Sociological Review 54: 744–60.Google Scholar
McAdam, Doug, and Paulsen, R.. 1993. “Specifying the Relationship between Social Ties and Activism.” American Journal of Sociology 99(3): 640–67.Google Scholar
McAdam, Doug, and Rucht, Dieter. 1993. The Cross-National Diffusion of Movement Ideas. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 528(1): 56–74. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716293528001005Google Scholar
McAdam, Doug, McCarthy, J., and Zald, M.. 1988. “Social Movements,” pp. 695–737 in Handbook of Sociology, edited by Smelser, N. J. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
McAdam, Doug, Tarrow, Sidney G., and Tilly, Charles. 2001. Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McCammon, Holly J. 2012. The U.S. Women’s Jury Movements and Strategic Adaptation: A More Just Verdict. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McCarty, Christopher, Lubbers, Miranda J., Vacca, Raffaele, and Molina, José Luis. 2019. Conducting Personal Network Research. New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John D., and Zald, Mayer N.. 1977. “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 82(6): 1212–41.Google Scholar
McLevey, John. 2021. Doing Computational Social Science: A Practical Introduction.London: Sage.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller, Smith-Lovin, Lynn, and Cook, James M.. 2001. “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks.” Annual Review of Sociology 27(1): 415–44.Google Scholar
Mehra, Ajay, et al. 2014. “Imaginary Worlds: Using Visual Network Scales to Capture Perceptions of Social Networks.” Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks 40: 315–36.Google Scholar
Meyer, David, and Tarrow, Sidney R.. 1998. “A Movement Society: Contentious Politics for a New Century,” in The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics for a New Century, edited by Meyer, David and Tarrow, Sidney. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Ryan E. 2018. Web Scraping with Python: Collecting More Data from the Modern Web. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media.Google Scholar
Nepstad, Sharon Erickson, and Smith, Christian. 1999. “Rethinking Recruitment to High-Risk/Cost Activism: The Case of Nicaragua Exchange.” Mobilization: An International Journal 4: 25–40.Google Scholar
Park, H. 2008. Forming Coalitions: A Network-Theoretic Approach to the Contemporary South Korean Environmental Movement. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 13(1): 99–114.Google Scholar
Pavan, Elena. 2017. “The Integrative Power of Online Collective Action Networks beyond Protest. Exploring Social Media Use in the Process of Institutionalization.” Social Movement Studies 16(4): 433–46.Google Scholar
Perry, Brea L., Pescosolido, Bernice A, and Borgatti, Stephen P.. 2018. Egocentric Network Analysis: Foundations, Methods, and Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Raine, Lee, and Wellman, Barry. 2012. Networked. The New Social Operating System. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Ring-Ramirez, Misty, Reynolds-Stenson, Heidi, and Earl, Jennifer. 2014. “Culturally Constrained Contention: Mapping the Meaning Structure of the Repertoire of Contention.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 19(4): 405–19.Google Scholar
Small, Mario. 2011. “How to Conduct a Mixed Methods Study: Recent Trends in a Rapidly Growing Literature.” Annual Review of Sociology 37: 57–86.Google Scholar
Small, Mario. 2017. Someone to Talk To. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Snijders, Tom A. B., van de Bunt, Gerhard G, and Steglich, Christian E. G. 2010. “Introduction to Stochastic Actor-Based Models for Network Dynamics.” Social Networks 32(1): 44–60.Google Scholar
Starbird, Kate, and Palen, Leysia. 2012. “(How) Will the Revolution Be Retweeted?: Information Diffusion and the 2011 Egyptian Uprising,” pp. 7–16 in Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Seattle, Washington.Google Scholar
Stoddart, Mark C. J., Ramos, Howard, and B. Tindall, David. 2015. “Environmentalists’ Media-Work for Jumbo Pass and the Tobeatic Wilderness, Canada: Combining Text-Centred and Activist-Centred Approaches to News Media and Social Movements.” Social Movement Studies 14(1): 75–91.Google Scholar
Stoddart, Mark C. J., and Tindall, David B.. 2010. “‘We’ve Also Become Quite Good Friends’: Environmentalists, Social Networks and Social Comparison in British Columbia, Canada.” Social Movement Studies 9(3): 253–71.Google Scholar
Stoddart, Mark C. J., and Tindall, David B.. 2015. “Canadian News Media and the Cultural Dynamics of Multilevel Climate Governance.” Environmental Politics 24(3): 401–22.Google Scholar
Stoddart, Mark C. J., Mattoni, Alice, and McLevy, John. 2020. Industrial Development and Eco-Tourisms: Is Co-existence Possible between Oil Exploration and Nature Conservation? London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Tarrow, Sidney. 1998. Power in Movement: Collective Action, Social Movements and Politics, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1997. “Parliamentarization of Popular Contention in Great Britain, 1758–1834.” Theory and Society 26(2/3): 245–73.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B. 2002. “Social Networks, Identification, and Participation in an Environmental Movement: Low-Medium Cost Activism within the British Columbia Wilderness Preservation Movement.” Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 39(4): 413–52.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B. 2004. “Social Movement Participation Over Time: An Ego-Network Approach to Micro-Mobilization.” Sociological Focus 37(2): 163–84.Google Scholar
David., Tindall B. 2007. “From Metaphors to Mechanisms: Some Critical Issues in Networks and Social Movements Research.” Social Networks 29:160–8.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B. 2015. “Networks as Constraints and Opportunities,” pp. 231–45 in Oxford Handbook of Social Movements, edited by Porta, Donatella della and Diani, Mario. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B., and Cormier, Jeffrey J.. 2008. “Gender, Network Capital, Social Capital, and Political Capital: The Consequences of Personal Network Diversity for Environmentalists in British Columbia,” pp. 282–307 in Social Capital: An International Research Program, edited by Lin, Nan and Erickson, Bonnie. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B., Cormier, Jeffrey, and Diani, Mario. 2012. “Network Social Capital as an Outcome of Social Movement Mobilization.” Social Networks 34: 387–95.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B., Howe, Adam C., and Céline, Mauboulès. 2021. “Tangled Roots: Personal Networks and the Participation of Individuals in an Anti-Environmentalism Countermovement.” Sociological Perspectives 64(1): 5–36.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B., and Piggot, Georgia. 2015. “Influence of Social Ties to Environmentalists on Public Climate Change Perceptions.” Nature Climate Change 5: 546.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B., and Robinson, Joanna L.. 2015. “The Concept of Social Movement and Its Relationship to the Social Movement Society: An Empirical Investigation,” pp. 208–30 in Protest and Politics: The Promise of Social Movement Societies, edited by Ramos, Howard and Rodgers, Kathleen. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B., and Robinson, Joanna L.. 2017. “Collective Action to Save the Ancient Temperate Rainforest: Social Networks and Environmental Activism in Clayoquot Sound.” Ecology and Society 22(1): 40.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B., Robinson, Joanna L., and Stoddart, Mark C. J.. 2014. “Social Network Centrality, Movement Identification, and the Participation of Individuals in a Social Movement: The Case of the Canadian Environmental Movement,” pp. 407–23 in Quantitative Graph Theory: Mathematical Foundations and Applications, edited by Dehmer, Matthias and Emmert-Streib., Frank Oxford: Chapman and Hall/CRC.Google Scholar
Tranmer, Mark, Steel, David, and Browne, William J.. 2014. “Multiple-Membership Multiple-Classification Models for Social Network and Group Dependences.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) 177(2): 439–55.Google Scholar
Tufekci, Zeynep. 2017. Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Vasi, Ion Bogdan, and Suh, Chan S.. 2016. “Online Activities, Spatial Proximity, and the Diffusion of the Occupy Wall Street Movement in the United States.”Mobilization: An International Quarterly 21(2): 139–54.Google Scholar
Walgrave, Stefaan, Bennett, W., Laer, Jeroen Van, and Breunig, Christian. 2011. “Multiple Engagements and Network Bridging in Contentious Politics: Digital Media Use of Protest Participants.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 16(3): 325–49.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry. 1979. “The Community Question: The Intimate Networks of East Yorkers.” American Journal of Sociology 84(5): 1201–31.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry, and Tindall, David B.. 1993. “How Social Networks Connect Telephone Networks.” Progress in Communication Sciences 12: 63–93.Google Scholar
Wiltfang, Gregory L., and Doug, McAdam. 1991. “The Costs and Risks of Social Activism: A Study of Sanctuary Movement Activism.” Social Forces 69(4): 987–1010.Google Scholar

References

Appel, Lora, Dadlani, Punit, Dwyer, Maria, Hampton, Keith N., Kitzie, Vanessa, Matni, Ziad A., Moore, Patricia, and Teodoro, Rannie. 2014. “Testing the Validity of Social Capital Measures in the Study of Information and Communication Technologies.” Information, Communication & Society 17: 398–416.Google Scholar
Barnidge, Matthew. 2017. “Exposure to Political Disagreement in Social Media versus Face-to-Face and Anonymous Online Settings.” Political Communication 34: 302–21.Google Scholar
Bernard, H. Russell, , Killworth, Peter, Johnsen, Eugene, Shelley, Gene Ann, McCarty, Christopher, and Robinson, Scott. 1990. “Comparing Four Different Methods for Measuring Personal Networks.” Social Networks 12: 179–216.Google Scholar
Bernard, H. Russell, and Christopher, McCarty. 2009. “The Network Scale-up Method: Background and Theory.” Unpublished paper.Google Scholar
Boase, Jeffrey. 2016. “Augmenting Survey and Experimental Designs with Digital Trace Data.” Communication Methods and Measures 10: 165–6.Google Scholar
Boyd, Danah M., and Ellison, Nicole B. 2007. “Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13: 210–30.Google Scholar
Brashears, Matthew E. 2011. “Small Networks and High Isolation: A Reexamination of American Discussion Networks.” Social Networks 33: 331–41.Google Scholar
Brashears, Matthew E., and Brashears, Laura Aufderheide. 2020. “Compression Heuristics, Social Networks, and the Evolution of Human Intelligence,” pp. 97–116 in Network Science in Cognitive Psychology, edited by Vitevitch, M.. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Burgess, Ernest. 1925. “The Growth of the City,” pp. 47–62 in The City: Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment, edited by Park, R. and Burgess, E.. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Burke, Moira, and Kraut, Robert. 2014. “Growing Closer on Facebook: Changes in Tie Strength through Social Network Site Use,” pp. 4187–96 in CHI ‘14- Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, edited by Jones, M. and Palanque., P. April 2014, Toronto, Canada.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald. 1984. “Network Items and the General Social Survey.” Social Networks 6: 293–339.Google Scholar
Castells, Manuel. 1976. “Theory and Ideology in Urban Sociology,” pp. 60–84 in Urban Sociology, edited by Pickvance, C.. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Castells, Manuel. 1996. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Chang, Ming-Yi, and Fu, Yang-Chih. 2019. “Social Media and Network Boundaries among College Students: Reconstructing Companions, Conversations, and Contact Circles.” Taiwanese Sociology 37: 1–46.Google Scholar
Chen, Wenhong. 2013. “Growth or Decline: Changes in Americans’ Social Capital,” pp. 259–80 in Social Capital and Its Institutional Contingency: A Study of the United States, Taiwan and China, edited by Lin, N., Fu, Y. C., and Chen, C. J.. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Chen, Wenhong. 2015. “Mediatizing the Network Model of Cultural Capital: Network Diversity, Media Use, and Cultural Knowledge along and across Ethnic Boundaries.” Social Networks 40: 185–96.Google Scholar
Chen, Wenhong, and Quan-Haase., Anabel 2018. “Big Data Ethics and Politics: Toward New Understandings.” Social Science Computer Review 38(1): 3–9.Google Scholar
Chen, Wenhong, and Quan-Haase, Anabel. 2020. “Big Data Ethics and Politics: Toward New Understandings.” Social Science Computer Review 38: 3–9.Google Scholar
Chen, Wenhong, Quan-Haase, Anabel, and Park, Yong Jin. In press. “Privacy and Data Management: The User and Producer Perspectives.” American Behavioral Scientist.Google Scholar
Chen, Wenhong, and Tan, Justin. 2009. “Understanding Transnational Entrepreneurship through a Network Lens: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33: 1079–91.Google Scholar
Choi, Sujin, Sung, Joshua, Yang, Woo, and Chen, Wenhong. 2018. “Longitudinal Change of an Online Political Discussion Forum: Antecedents of Discussion Network Size and Evolution.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 23: 260–77.Google Scholar
Coleman, James, Katz, Elihu, and Manzel, H. 1957. “The Diffusion of an Innovation among Physicians.” Sociometry 20: 253–70.Google Scholar
Conover, Michael D., Ratkiewicz, Jacob, Francisco, Matthew, Gonçalves, Bruno, Menczer, Filippo, and Flammini, Alessandro. 2011. “Political Polarization on Twitter.” In Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.Google Scholar
Cotter, Kelley. 2019. “Playing the Visibility Game: How Digital Influencers and Algorithms Negotiate Influence on Instagram.” New Media & Society 21: 895–913.Google Scholar
Dotson, Taylor. 2017. Technically Together: Reconsidering Community in a Networked World. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Dubois, Elizabeth, and Blank, Grant. 2018. “The Echo Chamber Is Overstated: The Moderating Effect of Political Interest and Diverse Media.” Information, Communication & Society 21: 729–45.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Robin I. M. 1992. “Neocortex Size as a Constraint on Group Size in Primates.” Journal of Human Evolution 22: 469–93.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Robin I. M. 2016. “Do Online Social Media Cut through the Constraints that Limit the Size of Offline Social Networks?” Royal Society Open Science 3: 150292. Available at: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.150292 [last accessed February 15, 2021].Google Scholar
Durkheim, Emile. 1893 [1993]. The Division of Labor in Society. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Eagle, David E., and Proeschold-Bell, Rae Jean. 2015. “Methodological Considerations in the Use of Name Generators and Interpreters.” Social Networks 40: 75–83.Google Scholar
Edison Research. 2014. “The Infinite Dial 2014.” Somerville, NJ: Edison Research and Triton Digital.Google Scholar
Erickson, Bonnie H. 1996. “Culture, Class, and Connections.” American Journal of Sociology 102: 217–51.Google Scholar
Filipek, Kamil. 2019. “The Impact of Social Capital on Political Participation of Social Media Users in Poland.” Studia Socjologiczne 233: 155–77.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude. 1975. “Toward a Subcultural Theory of Urbanism.” American Journal of Sociology 80: 1319–41.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude. 1975. 1982. To Dwell among Friends. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, Claude. 1975. 2009. “The 2004 GSS Finding of Shrunken Social Networks: An Artifact?” American Sociological Review 74: 657–69.Google Scholar
Gitlin, Todd. 1978. “Media Sociology: The Dominant Paradigm.” Theory and Society 6: 205–53.Google Scholar
Hamilton, Kevin, Karahalios, Karrie, Sandvig, Christian, and Eslami, Motahhare. 2014. “A Path to Understanding the Effects of Algorithm Awareness,” pp. 631–42 in CHI ‘14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Toronto: ACM.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N. 2016. “Persistent and Pervasive Community: New Communication Technologies and the Future of Community.” American Behavioral Scientist 60: 101–24.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N. 2017. “Studying the Digital: Directions and Challenges for Digital Methods.” Annual Review of Sociology 43: 167–88.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N. 2019. “Social Media and Change in Psychological Distress over Time: The Role of Social Causation.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication V24(5): 205–22.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N., and Wellman, Barry. 2018. “Lost and Saved … Again: The Moral Panic about the Loss of Community Takes Hold of Social Media.” Contemporary Sociology 47: 643–51.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith, and Wellman, Barry. 2021. “All the Lonely People? The Continuing Lament about the Loss of Community,” pp 281–96 in Routledge Handbook of Digital Media and Communication, edited by Lievrouw, Leah and Loader, Brian. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N., Lee, Chul Joo, and Her, Eun Ja. 2011. “How New Media Afford Network Diversity: Direct and Mediated Access to Social Capital through Participation in Local Social Settings.” New Media & Society 13: 1031–49.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N., Shin, Inyoung, and Weixu, Lu. 2017. “Social Media and Political Discussion: When Online Presence Silences Offline Conversation.” Information, Communication & Society 20: 1090–107.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N., Sessions, Lauren, Her, Eun Ja, and Rainie, Lee. 2009. Social Isolation and New Technology. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N., Sessions, Lauren, and Her, Eun Ja. 2011. “Core Networks, Social Isolation, and New Media: Internet and Mobile Phone Use, Network Size, and Diversity.” Information, Communication & Society 14: 130–55.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N., Goulet, Lauren Sessions, Marlow, Cameron, and Rainie, Lee. 2012. “Why Most Facebook Users Get More Than They Give: The Effect of Facebook ‘Power Users’ on Everyone Else.” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N., Goulet, Lauren Sessions, Rainie, Lee, and Purcell, Kristen. 2011. “Social Networking Sites and Our Lives: How People’s Trust, Personal Relationships, and Civic and Political Involvement Are Connected to Their Use of Social Networking Sites and Other Technologies.” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N., and Ling, Rich. 2013. “Explaining Communication Displacement and Large Scale Social Change in Core Networks: A Cross-National Comparison of Why Bigger Is Not Better and Less Can Mean More.” Information, Communication & Society 16: 561–89.Google Scholar
Hampton, Keith N., Weixu, Lu, and Shin, Inyoung. 2016. “Digital Media and Stress: Cost of Caring 2.0.” Information, Communication & Society 19: 1267–86.Google Scholar
Haythornthwaite, Caroline. 2005. “Social Networks and Internet Connectivity Effects.” Information, Communication & Society 8: 125–47.Google Scholar
Hofstra, Bas, Corten, Rense, and Frank, van Tubergen. 2020. “Beyond the Core: Who Has Larger Social Networks?” Social Forces 99(3): 1274–305.Google Scholar
Hofstra, Bas, Corten, Rense, van Tubergen, Frank, and Ellison, Nicole B.. 2017. “Sources of Segregation in Social Networks: A Novel Approach Using Facebook.” American Sociological Review 82: 625–56.Google Scholar
Hogan, Bernie. 2016. “Online Social Networks: Concepts for Data Collection and Analysis,” pp. 241–58 in The Sage Handbook of Online Research Methods 2nd ed., edited by Fielding, N. G, Lee, R., and Blank, G.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Hogan, Bernie. 2018. “Social Media Giveth, Social Media Taketh Away: Facebook, Friendships, and APIs.” International Journal of Communication 12: 592–611.Google Scholar
Huckfeldt, Robert, Mendez, Jeanette Morehouse, and Osborn, Tracy. 2004. “Disagreement, Ambivalence, and Engagement.” Political Psychology 25: 65–95.Google Scholar
Humphrey, Nicholas K. 1976. “The Social Function of Intellect,” pp. 303–17 in Growing Points in Ethology, edited by Bateson, P. and Hinde, R.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ikeda, Ken’ichi, and Boase, Jeffrey. 2011. “Multiple Discussion Networks and Their Consequence for Political Participation.” Communication Research 38: 660–83.Google Scholar
Jacoby, Jacob. 1974. “The Construct Validity of Opinion Leadership.” Public Opinion Quarterly 38: 81–9.Google Scholar
Katz, Elihu. 2009. “Why Sociology Abandoned Communication.” The American Sociologist 40: 167–74.Google Scholar
Katz, Elihu, and Lazarsfeld, Paul F.. 1955. Personal Influence. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar
Lazarsfeld, Paul, Berelson, Bernard, and Gaudet, Hazel. 1944. The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes up His Mind in Presidential Campaigns. New York: Duell, Sloan, Pearce.Google Scholar
Lewis, Kevin, Kaufman, Jason, Gonzalez, Marco, Wimmer, Andreas, and Christakis, Nicholas. 2008. “Tastes, Ties, and Time: A New Social Network Dataset Using Facebook.com.” Social Networks 30: 330–42.Google Scholar
Lin, Nan, and Dumin, Mary. 1986. “Access to Occupations through Social Ties.” Social Networks 8: 365–85.Google Scholar
Ling, Rich. 2017. “The Social Dynamics of Mobile Group Messaging.” Annals of the International Communication Association 41: 242–9.Google Scholar
Lu, Weixu, and Hampton, Keith N.. 2017. “Beyond the Power of Networks: Differentiating Network Structure from Social Media Affordances for Perceived Social Support.” New Media & Society 19: 861–79.Google Scholar
Marin, Alexandra, and Hampton, Keith N.. 2007. “Simplifying the Personal Network Name Generator: Alternatives to the Traditional Multiple and Single Name Generators.” Field Methods 19: 163–93.Google Scholar
Marin, Alexandra, and Hampton, Keith N.. 2019. “Network Instability in Times of Stability.” Sociological Forum 34: 313–36.Google Scholar
Marsden, Peter. 1987. “Core Discussions Networks of Americans.” American Sociological Review 52: 122–31.Google Scholar
McCormick, Tyler H., Salganik, Matthew J., and Zheng, Tian. 2010. “How Many People Do You Know?: Efficiently Estimating Personal Network Size.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 105:59–70.Google Scholar
McPherson, Miller, Smith-Lovin, Lynn, and Brashears, Matthew E.. 2006. “Social Isolation in America.” American Sociological Review 71: 353–75.Google Scholar
Neal, Jennifer Watling. 2020. “A Systematic Review of Social Network Methods in High Impact Developmental Psychology Journals.” Social Development 29(4): 923–44.Google Scholar
Orben, Amy, and Przybylski, Andrew K.. 2019. “The Association between Adolescent Well-Being and Digital Technology Use.” Nature Human Behaviour 3: 173–82.Google Scholar
Paik, Anthony, and Sanchagrin, Kenneth. 2013. “Social Isolation in America: An Artifact.” American Sociological Review 78(3): 339–60.Google Scholar
Park, Kyung-Gook, and Han, Sehee. 2018. “How Use of Location-Based Social Network (LBSN) Services Contributes to Accumulation of Social Capital.” Social Indicators Research 136: 379–96.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert. 2000. Bowling Alone. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Rader, Emilee, Cotter, Kelley, and Cho, Janghee. 2018. Explanations as Mechanisms for Supporting Algorithmic Transparency. Montreal QC: Association for Computing Machinery.Google Scholar
Rainie, Lee, and Wellman, Barry. 2012. Networked: The New Social Operating System. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Reeves, Byron, Robinson, Thomas, and Ram, Nilam. 2020. “Time for the Human Screenome Project.” Nature 577: 314–17.Google Scholar
Rogers, Everett M., and Cartano, David G.. 1962. “Methods of Measuring Opinion Leadership.” Public Opinion Quarterly 26: 435–41.Google Scholar
Rogers, Everett M., and Chaffee, Steven H.. 1983. “Communication as an Academic Discipline: A Dialogue.” Journal of Communication 33: 18–30.Google Scholar
Seeley, John, Sim, Alexander, and Loosely, Elizabeth. 1956. Crestwood Heights. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Shen, Cuihua, and Chen, Wenhong. 2015. “Gamers’ Confidants: Massively Multiplayer Online Game Participation and Core Networks in China.” Social Networks 40: 207–14.Google Scholar
Shen, Cuihua, and Gong, He. 2019. “Personal Ties, Group Ties and Latent Ties: Connecting Network Size to Diversity and Trust in the Mobile Social Network WeChat.” Asian Journal of Communication 29: 18–34.Google Scholar
Simmel, Georg. 1903 [1950]. “The Metropolis and Mental Life,” pp. 409–24 in The Sociology of Georg Simmel, edited and translated by K. H. Wolff. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis. 2013. “Weak Ties and the Core Discussion Network: Why People Regularly Discuss Important Matters with Unimportant Alters.” Social Networks 35: 470–83.Google Scholar
Small, Mario Luis. 2017. Someone to Talk To. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Aaron. 2014. “What People Like and Dislike About Facebook.” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.Google Scholar
Straits, Bruce. 2000. “Ego’s Important Discussants or Significant People.” Social Networks 22: 123–40.Google Scholar
Stutzman, Frederic, and Hartzog, Woodrow. 2012. “Boundary Regulation in Social Media,” pp. 769–78 in Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.Google Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R. 2009. Republic.Com 2.0. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R. 2018. “Is Social Media Good or Bad for Democracy.” SUR – International Journal on Human Rights 27: 83.Google Scholar
Thorson, Kjerstin, Cotter, Kelley, Medeiros, Mel, and Pak, Chankyung. 2019. “Algorithmic Inference, Political Interest, and Exposure to News and Politics on Facebook.” Information, Communication & Society 1:18.Google Scholar
Tindall, David B., Cormier, Jeffrey, and Diani, Mario. 2012. “Network Social Capital as an Outcome of Social Movement Mobilization: Using the Position Generator as an Indicator of Social Network Diversity.” Social Networks 34: 387–95.Google Scholar
Tönnies, Ferdinand. 1887 [1957]. Community and Society. Translated by C. P. Loomis. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.Google Scholar
Turkle, Sherry. 2011. Alone Together. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Ugander, Johan, Karrer, Brian, Backstrom, Lars, and Marlow, Cameron. 2011. “The Anatomy of the Facebook Social Graph.” Arxiv preprint arXiv:1111.4503.Google Scholar
van der Gaag, Martin, and Tom, A. B. Snijders, . 2005. “The Resource Generator.” Social Networks 27: 1–29.Google Scholar
Vriens, Eva, and Erik, van Ingen. 2017. “Does the Rise of the Internet Bring Erosion of Strong Ties? Analyses of Social Media Use and Changes in Core Discussion Networks.” New Media & Society 2017: 1461444817724169.Google Scholar
Watts, Duncan J., and Strogatz, Steven H.. 1998. “Collective Dynamics of ‘Small-World’ Networks.” Nature 393: 440–2.Google Scholar
Welles, Brooke Foucault and Contractor, Noshir. 2015. “Individual Motivations and Network Effects: A Multilevel Analysis of the Structure of Online Social Relationships.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 659: 180–90.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry. 1979. “The Community Question.” American Journal of Sociology 84: 1201–31.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry. 2001. “Physical Place and Cyber-Place: Changing Portals and the Rise of Networked Individualism.” International Journal for Urban and Regional Research 25: 227–52.Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry, Quan-Haase, Anabel, Boase, Jeffrey, Chen, Wenhong, Hampton, Keith, Isabel Isla de Diaz, and Kakuko Miyata. 2003. “The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2003.tb00216.x [last accessed February 15, 2021].Google Scholar
Wellman, Barry, and Wortley, Scot. 1990. “Different Strokes from Different Folks.” American Journal of Sociology 96: 558–88.Google Scholar
Wesler, Howard T., Smith, Marc, Fisher, Danyel, and Gleave, Eric. 2008. “Distilling Digital Traces: Computational Social Science Approaches to Studying the Internet,” pp. 116–40 in The Sage Handbook of Online Research Methods, edited by Nigel Fielding, Raymond M. Lee, and Grant Blank. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Yousefi-Nooraie, Reza, Marin, Alexandra, Hanneman, Robert, Pullenayegum, Eleanor, Lohfeld, Lynne, and Dobbins, Maureen. 2019. “The Relationship between the Position of Name Generator Questions and Responsiveness in Multiple Name Generator Surveys.” Sociological Methods & Research 48: 243–62.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×