Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- List of abbreviations and acronyms
- List of contributors
- 1 An overview: options for global trade reform – a view from the Asia-Pacific
- 2 Agriculture and the Doha Development Agenda
- 3 Liberalizing trade in manufactures
- 4 Returning textiles and clothing to GATT disciplines
- 5 Approaches to further liberalization of trade in services
- 6 Liberalization of air transport services
- 7 Liberalization of maritime transport services
- 8 International trade in telecoms services
- 9 East Asia and options for negotiations on investment
- 10 Competition policy, developing countries, and the World Trade Organization
- 11 The long and winding road to the Government Procurement Agreement: Korea's accession experience
- 12 Trade facilitation in the World Trade Organization: Singapore to Doha and beyond
- 13 Trade, the environment, and labor: text, institutions, and context
- Index
- References
7 - Liberalization of maritime transport services
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 September 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- List of abbreviations and acronyms
- List of contributors
- 1 An overview: options for global trade reform – a view from the Asia-Pacific
- 2 Agriculture and the Doha Development Agenda
- 3 Liberalizing trade in manufactures
- 4 Returning textiles and clothing to GATT disciplines
- 5 Approaches to further liberalization of trade in services
- 6 Liberalization of air transport services
- 7 Liberalization of maritime transport services
- 8 International trade in telecoms services
- 9 East Asia and options for negotiations on investment
- 10 Competition policy, developing countries, and the World Trade Organization
- 11 The long and winding road to the Government Procurement Agreement: Korea's accession experience
- 12 Trade facilitation in the World Trade Organization: Singapore to Doha and beyond
- 13 Trade, the environment, and labor: text, institutions, and context
- Index
- References
Summary
Over the past half-century, the Asian developing economies have undergone several shifts in business orientation – from import substitution to mass production of standardized products for restricted markets to more flexible production of differentiated products for much more diversified, and freer, global markets. Globalization can be seen as enhanced functional integration among internationally dispersed economic activities Wrigley, Wagenaar, and Clarke (1994; Thomas 1996). Globalization also takes the form of increasing networking of national economies involving consumers, suppliers, and markets. This is the result of multinational corporations operating on a world-wide scale taking advantage of the new international division of labor, in which the production process is spread over several countries to achieve economies from different types of labor and resource inputs Kini (1995).
All these international activities occur within a framework of enhanced technology that generates significant productivity gains while the traditional economy of traders is giving way to a world economy of international producers. In turn, globalization results in greater complexity of international trade as raw materials, parts, and products are shipped among multinational corporations' plants in different countries. Improvements in transport technology, particularly the bulking of goods and the introduction of containerization and intermodalism, further support the growth of this spatial division of labor by reducing the real cost of transport and improving the reliability of the logistics chain Wrigley, Wagenaar, and Clarke (1994).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Options for Global Trade ReformA View from the Asia-Pacific, pp. 145 - 172Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2003