Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T20:39:12.325Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 11 - Perineal Trauma after Vaginal Delivery: Third and Fourth Degree Lacerations and Hematomas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 September 2017

By
Anjali Martinez
Edited by
Martin Olsen
Martin Olsen
Affiliation:
East Tennessee State University
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Obstetric Care , pp. 99 - 104
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Handa, V, Danielsen, B, Gilbert, W. Obstetric anal sphincter lacerations. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:225–230.Google Scholar
Hale, R, Ling, F. Episiotomy: Procedure and repair techniques. Am College Obstet Gynecology 2007. www.scribd.com/doc/285746166/Episiotomy-ACOG (accessed May 15, 2017).Google Scholar
Fernando, RJ, Sultan, AH, Kettle, C, Thakar, R. Methods of repair for obstetric anal sphincter injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Dec 8;12:CD002866.Google Scholar
Duggal, N, Mercado, C, Daniels, K, Bujor, A, Caughey, AB, El-Sayed, YY. Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postpartum perineal wound complications: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2008 Jun;111(6):1268–1273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buppasiri, P, Lumbiganon, P, Thinkhamrop, J, Thinkhamrop, B. Antibiotic prophylaxis for third- and fourth-degree perineal tear during vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Oct 7;10:CD005125.Google Scholar
Kettle, C, Dowswell, T, Ismail, KM. Continuous and interrupted suturing techniques for repair of episiotomy or second-degree tears. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Nov 14;11:CD000947.Google ScholarPubMed
Kettle, C, Dowswell, T, Ismail, KM. Absorbable suture materials for primary repair of episiotomy and second degree tears. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010 Jun 16;(6):CD000006. doi(6):CD000006.Google Scholar
Lewicky-Gaupp, C, Leader-Cramer, A, Johnson, LL, Kenton, K, Gossett, DR. Wound complications after obstetric anal sphincter injuries. Obstet Gynecol 2015 May;125(5):1088–1093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dudley, LM, Kettle, C, Ismail, KM. Secondary suturing compared to non-suturing for broken down perineal wounds following childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Sep 25;9:CD008977.Google Scholar
Evers, EC, Blomquist, JL, McDermott, KC, Handa, VL. Obstetrical anal sphincter laceration and anal incontinence 5–10 years after childbirth. Obstet Gynecol 2012 11; 207(5):425.e1–425.e6.Google ScholarPubMed
Fitzpatrick, M, Cassidy, M, Barassaud, ML, Hehir, MP, Hanly, AM, O’Connell, PR, et al. Does anal sphincter injury preclude subsequent vaginal delivery? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016 Mar;198:30–34.Google Scholar
Boggs, EW, Berger, H, Urquia, M, McDermott, CD. Recurrence of obstetric third-degree and fourth-degree anal sphincter injuries. Obstet Gynecol 2014 Dec;124(6):1128–1134.Google Scholar
Edozien, LC, Gurol-Urganci, I, Cromwell, DA, Adams, EJ, Richmond, DH, Mahmood, TA, et al. Impact of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears at first birth on subsequent pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study. BJOG 2014 Dec;121(13):1695–1703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yogev, Y, Hiersch, L, Maresky, L, Wasserberg, N, Wiznitzer, A, Melamed, N. Third and fourth degree perineal tears – the risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014 Jan;27(2):177–181.Google Scholar
Francois, K, Foley, M. Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage. In: Gabbe, S, editor. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. Sixth ed. Chapter 19. Elsevier. 2012. pp. 415–444.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×