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Chapter 1 - Phenomenology, classification, and diagnostic approach to patients with movement disorders

from Section I - General principles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2014

By
Marjolein B. Aerts ,
Joseph Jankovic ,
Bart P. van de Warrenburg  and
Bastiaan R. Bloem
Edited by
Werner Poewe  and
Joseph Jankovic
Marjolein B. Aerts
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Parkinson Centre Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Joseph Jankovic
Affiliation:
Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
Bart P. van de Warrenburg
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Parkinson Centre Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Bastiaan R. Bloem
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Parkinson Centre Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Werner Poewe
Affiliation:
Medical University Innsbruck
Joseph Jankovic
Affiliation:
Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
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Summary

Introduction

In this introductory chapter, we will discuss the phenomenology of movement disorders and its importance in classification and diagnostic work-up in patients presenting with one or more types of movement disorders. We will place great emphasis on the most important step in this diagnostic process, which is the clinical approach based on recognition of the phenomenologic characteristics of the movement disorder. An accurate clinical description and adequate recognition of the type of movement disorder (or multiple types, as is often the case) in turn forms the basis for a tailored set of ancillary investigations to confirm the clinical suspicion. Thanks to rapid technological advancements (for example, in the fields of genetics and functional imaging), clinicians now have a battery of advanced ancillary investigations at their disposal. In this chapter, we will discuss the rational use of some of the most commonly required tests. However, we should point out that the clinical pattern recognition remains the vital starting point for any diagnostic approach, and that many ancillary investigations offer relatively little added value over and above the diagnostic accuracy of a clinical neurological examination (Constantinescu et al. 2009; Seppi and Schocke 2005; Morris and Jankovic 2012).

Type
Chapter
Information
Movement Disorders in Neurologic and Systemic Disease , pp. 1 - 15
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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