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Chapter 3 - Changes in Climate Extremes and their Impacts on the Natural Physical Environment

from Section III

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

By
Sonia I. Seneviratne ,
Neville Nicholls ,
David Easterling ,
Clare M. Goodess ,
Shinjiro Kanae ,
James Kossin ,
Yali Luo ,
Jose Marengo ,
Kathleen McInnes  and
Mohammad Rahimi
...Show all authors
Edited by
Christopher B. Field ,
Vicente Barros ,
Thomas F. Stocker  and
Qin Dahe
Christopher B. Field
Affiliation:
Co-Chair IPCC Working Group II, Carnegie Institution for Science
Vicente Barros
Affiliation:
Co-Chair IPCC Working Group II, Universidad de Buenos Aires
Thomas F. Stocker
Affiliation:
Co-Chair IPCC Working Group I, University of Bern
Qin Dahe
Affiliation:
Co-Chair IPCC Working Group I, China Meteorological Administration
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Summary

Executive Summary

This chapter addresses changes in weather and climate events relevant to extreme impacts and disasters. An extreme (weather or climate) event is generally defined as the occurrence of a value of a weather or climate variable above (or below) a threshold value near the upper (or lower) ends (‘tails’) of the range of observed values of the variable. Some climate extremes (e.g., droughts, floods) may be the result of an accumulation of weather or climate events that are, individually, not extreme themselves (though their accumulation is extreme). As well, weather or climate events, even if not extreme in a statistical sense, can still lead to extreme conditions or impacts, either by crossing a critical threshold in a social, ecological, or physical system, or by occurring simultaneously with other events. A weather system such as a tropical cyclone can have an extreme impact, depending on where and when it approaches landfall, even if the specific cyclone is not extreme relative to other tropical cyclones. Conversely, not all extremes necessarily lead to serious impacts. [3.1]

Many weather and climate extremes are the result of natural climate variability (including phenomena such as El Niño), and natural decadal or multi-decadal variations in the climate provide the backdrop for anthropogenic climate changes. Even if there were no anthropogenic changes in climate, a wide variety of natural weather and climate extremes would still occur. [3.1]

A changing climate leads to changes in the frequency, intensity, spatial extent, duration, and timing of weather and climate extremes, and can result in unprecedented extremes. Changes in extremes can also be directly related to changes in mean climate, because mean future conditions in some variables are projected to lie within the tails of present-day conditions. Nevertheless, changes in extremes of a climate or weather variable are not always related in a simple way to changes in the mean of the same variable, and in some cases can be of opposite sign to a change in the mean of the variable. Changes in phenomena such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation or monsoons could affect the frequency and intensity of extremes in several regions simultaneously. [3.1]

Type
Chapter
Information
Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
 , pp. 109 - 230
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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