Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Introduction
- PART I PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
- PART II INFERTILITY EVALUATION AND TREATMENT
- PART III ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
- 38 Medical Strategies to Improve ART Outcome: Current Evidence
- 39 Surgical Preparation of the Patient for In Vitro Fertilization
- 40 IVF in the Medically Complicated Patient
- 41 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and IVF
- 42 Endometriosis and Assisted Reproductive Technology
- 43 Evidence-Based Medicine Comparing hMG/FSH and Agonist/Antagonist and rec/Urinary hCG/LH/GnRH to Trigger Ovulation
- 44 Luteal Phase Support in Assisted Reproduction
- 45 Thrombophilia and Implanation Failure
- 46 Intrauterine Insemination
- 47 The Prediction and Management of Poor Responders in ART
- 48 Oocyte Donation
- 49 In Vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes
- 50 Oocyte and Embryo Freezing
- 51 Cryopreservation of Male Gametes
- 52 The Management of Azoospermia
- 53 Spermatid Injection: Current Status
- 54 Optimizing Embryo Transfer
- 55 Single Embryo Transfer
- 56 Blastocyst Transfer
- 57 Clinical Significance of Embryo Multinucleation
- 58 Quality and Risk Management in the IVF Laboratory
- 59 The Nurse and REI
- 60 Understanding Factors That Influence the Assessment of Outcomes in Assisted Reproductive Technologies
- 61 The Revolution of Assisted Reproductive Technologies: How Traditional Chinese Medicine Impacted Reproductive Outcomes in the Treatment of Infertile Couples
- 62 Complications of Assisted Reproductive Technology
- 63 Ectopic and Heterotopic Pregnancies Following in Vitro Fertilization
- 64 The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Female Reproduction and ART: An Evidence-Based Review
- 65 PGD for Chromosomal Anomalies
- 66 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Single-Gene Disorders
- 67 Epigenetics and ART
- 68 Congenital Anomalies and Assisted Reproductive Technology
- PART IV ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN FERTILITY AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
- Index
- Plate section
- References
42 - Endometriosis and Assisted Reproductive Technology
from PART III - ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Introduction
- PART I PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
- PART II INFERTILITY EVALUATION AND TREATMENT
- PART III ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
- 38 Medical Strategies to Improve ART Outcome: Current Evidence
- 39 Surgical Preparation of the Patient for In Vitro Fertilization
- 40 IVF in the Medically Complicated Patient
- 41 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and IVF
- 42 Endometriosis and Assisted Reproductive Technology
- 43 Evidence-Based Medicine Comparing hMG/FSH and Agonist/Antagonist and rec/Urinary hCG/LH/GnRH to Trigger Ovulation
- 44 Luteal Phase Support in Assisted Reproduction
- 45 Thrombophilia and Implanation Failure
- 46 Intrauterine Insemination
- 47 The Prediction and Management of Poor Responders in ART
- 48 Oocyte Donation
- 49 In Vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes
- 50 Oocyte and Embryo Freezing
- 51 Cryopreservation of Male Gametes
- 52 The Management of Azoospermia
- 53 Spermatid Injection: Current Status
- 54 Optimizing Embryo Transfer
- 55 Single Embryo Transfer
- 56 Blastocyst Transfer
- 57 Clinical Significance of Embryo Multinucleation
- 58 Quality and Risk Management in the IVF Laboratory
- 59 The Nurse and REI
- 60 Understanding Factors That Influence the Assessment of Outcomes in Assisted Reproductive Technologies
- 61 The Revolution of Assisted Reproductive Technologies: How Traditional Chinese Medicine Impacted Reproductive Outcomes in the Treatment of Infertile Couples
- 62 Complications of Assisted Reproductive Technology
- 63 Ectopic and Heterotopic Pregnancies Following in Vitro Fertilization
- 64 The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Female Reproduction and ART: An Evidence-Based Review
- 65 PGD for Chromosomal Anomalies
- 66 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Single-Gene Disorders
- 67 Epigenetics and ART
- 68 Congenital Anomalies and Assisted Reproductive Technology
- PART IV ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN FERTILITY AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTION
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
WHY WOMEN WITH ENDOMETRIOSIS NEED ART?
Endometriosis, the disease characterized by the presence of both functional endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine cavity, is usually related to infertility, even though the relationship is still being debated (1). As this disease is most likely observed in women of reproductive ages – although few cases have been described in adolescents and/or postmenopausal women – there is a strong interest in solving the problem on whether endometriosis and infertility are causally related, and if so, how can we help these women.
Although the prevalence of the disease is difficult to evaluate, it seems reasonable to state that there is an increased prevalence in subfertile women when compared with fertile women. But obviously, this does not mean that all women with endometriosis are infertile or need assisted reproduction (ART). In fact, there are women with endometriosis and with proven fertility. However, their fecundability or chances of achieving a pregnancy per month seems to be reduced.
The ideal study, comparing the fecundability of women with endometriosis (diagnosed by biopsy) with women without endometriosis (laparoscopically confirmed) would be unethical to perform. But from the baboon model, we have learned that their monthly fecundity rate (MFR) drops from 24 percent in baboons with normal pelvis to 18 percent if minimal endometriosis developed, and even lower if mild, moderate, or severe forms of the disease were present (2).
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Infertility and Assisted Reproduction , pp. 381 - 385Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
References
, , , . Endometriosis and subfertility: is the relationship resolved?Sem Reprod Med 2003; 21: 243–53.Google ScholarPubMed
, , . Cycle fecundity in baboons of proven fertility with minimal endometriosis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1994; 37: 63–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , . Expectant management and hydrotubations in the treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility. Fertil Steril 1985; 44: 35–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , . Early conception in patients with untreated mild endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1983; 39: 22–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , . Does minimal endometriosis reduce fecundity?Fertil Steril 1988; 50: 522–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , , and the Canadian Collaborative Group on Endometriosis. Fecundity of infertile women with minimal or mild endometriosis and women with unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 1998; 69: 1034–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Centers for Disease Control: 2004 Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Report (accessed January 15, 2007, at http://www.cdc.gov/ART/ART2004/index.htm).
, , . Effect of endometriosis on in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2000; 77: 1148–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , , , , ; on behalf of the ESHRE Special Interest Group for Endometriosis and Endometrium Guideline Development Group. ESHRE guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 2698–704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , . Randomized controlled trial of superovulation and insemination for infertility associated with minimal or mild endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1997; 68: 8–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , , , . Ovulation induction with gonadotropins and intrauterine insemination compared with in vitro fertilization and no therapy: a prospective, nonrandomized, cohort study and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 1994; 62: 535–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Infertility revisited: the state of the art today and tomorrow. The ESHRE Capri Workshop. European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology. Hum Reprod 1996; 11: 1779–807.
. The effectiveness of ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination in the treatment of persistent infertility: a meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 1997; 12: 1865–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , , . Intrauterine insemination treatment in subfertility: an analysis of factors affecting outcome. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 698–703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , . A comparative analysis of the cycle fecundity rates associated with combined human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and intrauterine insemination (IUI) versus either hMG or IUI alone. Fertil Steril 1991; 55: 252–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , . No difference in cycle pregnancy rate and in cumulative live-birth rate between women with surgically treated minimal to mild endometriosis and women with unexplained infertility after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 566–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , . Effect of endometriosis on IVF/ICSI outcome: stage III/IV endometriosis worsens cumulative pregnancy and live-born rates. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:3130–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , , , . Impact of stage III-IV endometriosis on recipients of sibling oocytes: matched case-control study. Fertil Steril 2000; 74: 31–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , , . Implantation in endometriosis: lessons learned from IVF and oocyte donation. In , (eds.), Progress in endometriosis, Parthenon Publishing Group, Casterton-Hill, 1994, 177–83.
, , , , . Endometriosis is not detrimental to embryo implantation in oocyte recipients. J Assist Reprod Genet 1997; 14: 152–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, . Effect of repeated assisted reproduction techniques on the ovarian response. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2005; 17: 233–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, . Rapid decline in ovarian reserve after ART cycles in a 22-year old IVF patient. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2003; 268: 206–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , . Ovarian response to repeated controlled stimulation in in-vitro fertilization cycles in patients with ovarian endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2000; 15: 72–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , . Is the endometriosis recurrence rate increased after ovarian hyperstimulation?Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 283–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , et al. Recurrence of ovarian endometrioma alter laparoscopic excision. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 2171–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , . Should endometriomas be treated before IVF-ICSI cycles?Hum Reprod Update 2006; 12: 57–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , . Impact of ovarian endometrioma on assisted reproductive outcomes. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13: 349–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , . The presence of ovarian endometriomas is associated with a reduced responsiveness to gonadotropins. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 192–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , . Comparison of reoperation for moderate (stage III) and severe (stage IV) endometriosis-related infertility with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 1996; 65: 791–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , . Ovarian response after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for endometriotic cysts in 132 monitored cycles. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 316–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, . In vitro fertilization in patients with ovarian endometriomas. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000; 79: 119–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , . Does ovarian surgery for endometriomas impair the ovarian response to gonadotropin?Fertil Steril 2001; 76: 662–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , , , . Ovarian response during IVF-embryo transfer cycles after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for endometriotic cysts of >3cm in diameter. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 2583–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , . Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy of endometriomas does not affect the ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 876–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. Renoval of endometriomas before in vitro fertilization does not improve fertility outcomes: a matched, case-control study. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 1194–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , . Management of ovarian endometriomas. Hum Reprod Update 2002; 8: 591–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , , . Laparoscopic excision of ovarian cysts: is the stripping technique a tissue-sparing procedure?Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 609–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, . Histopathological analysis of laparoscopically treated ovarian endometriotic cysts with special reference to loss of follicles. Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 432–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, et al. Ovarian recovery after laparoscopic enucleation of ovarian cysts: insights from echographic short-term postsurgical follow-up. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005; 12: 409–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. Postsurgical ovarian failure after laparoscopic excision of bilateral endometriomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195: 421–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed