Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T23:23:31.233Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2019

David Lewis-Williams
Affiliation:
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Image-Makers
The Social Context of a Hunter-Gatherer Ritual
, pp. 172 - 196
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adhikari, M. 2001. The anatomy of a South African genocide: the extermination of the Cape San peoples. Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Adhikari, M. 2005. The anatomy of a South African genocide. University of Cape Town Press.Google Scholar
Adhikari, M. 2010. The anatomy of a South African genocide. University of Cape Town Press.Google Scholar
Adorno, T. W. 1997. Aesthetic theory. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Alley, R. E. 1996. Algorithm theoretical basis document for Decorrelation Stretch version 2.2. Pasadena: Jet Propulsion Laboratory.Google Scholar
Anthing, L. 1863. Cape parliamentary papers: report A39. Cape Town: Government House.Google Scholar
Arbousset, T., and Daumas, F. 1846. Narrative of an exploratory tour to the north-east of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope. Cape Town: A. S. Robertson.Google Scholar
Atkinson, J. M. 1992. Shamanisms today. Annual Review of Anthropology 21: 307330.Google Scholar
Aujoulat, N. 2004. Lascaux: le geste, l’espace et le temps. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.Google Scholar
Backhouse, J. 1844. A narrative of a visit to the Mauritius and South Africa. London: Hamilton, Adams.Google Scholar
Bank, A. 2006. Bushmen in a Victorian world: the remarkable story of the Bleek–Lloyd Collection of Bushman folklore. Cape Town: Double Storey, Juta.Google Scholar
Bardill, P. 1982. Comment on Lewis-Williams 1982. Current Anthropology 23: 429449.Google Scholar
Barnard, A. 1985. A Nharo wordlist with notes on grammar, Occasional Paper 2. Durban: Department of African Studies, University of Natal.Google Scholar
Barnard, A. 1988. Structure and fluidity in Khoisan religious ideas. Journal of Religion in Africa 18: 216236.Google Scholar
Barnard, A. 1989. The lost world of van der Post? Current Anthropology 30: 104114.Google Scholar
Barnard, A. 1992. Hunters and herders of southern Africa: a comparative ethnography of the Khoisan peoples. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barnard, A. 2000. History and theory in anthropology. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barnard, A. 2003. Diverse people unite: two lectures on Khoisan imagery and the state. Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University.Google Scholar
Barnard, A. 2007. Anthropology and the Bushman. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Barnard, A., and Kenrick, J. (eds.) 2001. Africa’s indigenous peoples: ‘First Peoples’, or ‘Marginalized Minorities’? University of Edinburgh, Centre of African Studies.Google Scholar
Barrow, J. 1801. An account of travels into the interior of southern Africa, vol. I. London: Cadell and Davies.Google Scholar
Battiss, W. 1948. The artists of the rocks. Pretoria: Red Fawn Press.Google Scholar
Battiss, W., Franz, G. H., Grossert, J. W., and Junod, H. P. 1958. The art of Africa. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter and Shooter.Google Scholar
Bender, B. 1989. The roots of inequality. In Miller, D., Rowlands, M., and Tilley, C. (eds.) Domination and resistance. London: Unwin and Hyman, pp. 8393.Google Scholar
Berglund, A.-I. 1976. Zulu thought-patterns and symbolism. Cape Town: David Philip.Google Scholar
Bergson, A. M. 1998. Creative evolution (trans. A. Mitchell). New York: Dover.Google Scholar
Bernstein, R. J. 1983. Beyond objectivism and relativism: science, hermeneutics, and praxis. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Biesele, M. 1975a. Folklore and ritual of !Kung hunter-gatherers. Unpublished PhD thesis, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Biesele, M. 1975b. Song texts by the Master of Tricks: Kalahari San thumb piano music. Botswana Notes and Records 7: 171188.Google Scholar
Biesele, M. 1978a. Religion and folklore. In Tobias, P. V. (ed.) The Bushmen: San hunters and herders of southern Africa. Cape Town: Human and Rousseau, pp. 162172.Google Scholar
Biesele, M. 1978b. Sapience and scarce resources: communication systems of the !Kung and other foragers. Social Science Information 17: 921947.Google Scholar
Biesele, M. 1980. Old K”au. In Halifax, J. (ed.) Shamanic voices: a survey of visionary narratives. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 5462.Google Scholar
Biesele, M. 1990. Shaken roots: the Bushmen of Namibia. Marshalltown: EDA Publications.Google Scholar
Biesele, M. 1993. Women like meat: the folklore and foraging ideology of the Kalahari Ju|’hoan. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Biesele, M. 1996. ‘He stealthily lightened at his brother-in-law’ (and thunder echoes in Bushman oral tradition a century later). In Deacon, J., and Dowson, T. A. (eds.) Voices from the past: /Xam Bushmen and the Bleek and Lloyd Collection. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 142160.Google Scholar
Biesele, M. 2009. Ju|’hoan folktales: transcriptions and English translations. Victoria: Trafford Publishing.Google Scholar
Biesele, M., and Hitchcock, R. K. 2011. The Ju|’hoan San of Nyae Nyae and Namibian independence: development, democracy, and indigenous voices in southern Africa. New York: Berghahn.Google Scholar
Billock, T. I., and Tsou, B. H. 2012. Elementary visual hallucinations and their relationships to neural pattern-forming mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin 138: 744774.Google Scholar
Blackburn, T. C. 1976. A query regarding the possible hallucinogenic effects of any ingestion in south-central California. Journal of California Anthropology 3: 7881.Google Scholar
Blackburn, T. C. 1977. Biopsychological aspects of Chumash rock art. Journal of California Anthropology 4: 8894.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1924. The Mantis and his friends. Cape Town: Maskew Miller.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1928a. The Naron: a Bushman tribe of the central Kalahari. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1928b. Bushmen of central Angola. Bantu Studies 3: 105125.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1928/1929. Bushman grammar: a grammatical sketch of the language of the /xam-ka-!k’e. Zeitschrift für Eingeborenen-Sprachen 19: 8198; 20: 161174.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1929. Bushman folklore. Africa 2: 302313.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1931. Customs and beliefs of the /Xam Bushmen: part I: Baboons. Bantu Studies 5: 167179.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1932. Customs and beliefs of the /Xam Bushmen: part II: The lion. Part III: Game animals. Part IV: Omens, wind-making, clouds. Bantu Studies 6: 4763, 233–249, 323–342.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1933. Customs and beliefs of the /Xam Bushmen: part V: The rain. Part VI: Rain-making. Bantu Studies 7: 297312, 375392.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1935a. Beliefs and customs of the /Xam Bushmen: part VII: Sorcerors [sic]. Bantu Studies 9: 147.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1935b. !Kung Bushman mythology. Zeitschrift fűr Eingeborenen-Sprachen 25: 261283.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1936. Customs and beliefs of the /Xam Bushmen: part VIII: More about sorcerors [sic] and charms. Special speech of animals and the moon used by /Xam Bushmen. Bantu Studies 10: 131162, 163199.Google Scholar
Bleek, D. F. 1956. A Bushman dictionary. New Haven: American Oriental Society.Google Scholar
Bleek, E., and Bleek, D. F. 1909. Notes on the Bushmen. In Tongue, H. (ed.) Bushman Paintings. London: Clarendon Press, pp. 3644.Google Scholar
Bleek, W. H. I. 1873. Report of Dr Bleek concerning his researches into the Bushman language and customs. Cape Town: House of Assembly.Google Scholar
Bleek, W. H. I. 1874. Remarks on Orpen’s ‘A glimpse into the mythology of the Maluti Bushmen’. Cape Monthly Magazine (n.s.) 9: 1013.Google Scholar
Bleek, W. H. I. 1875. A brief account of Bushman folklore and other texts. London: Trübner and Brockhaus.Google Scholar
Bleek, W. H. I., and Lloyd, L. C. 1911. Specimens of Bushman folklore. London: George Allen.Google Scholar
Bloch, M. 1983. Marxist anthropology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Blundell, G. 2004. Nqabayo’s Nomansland: San rock art and the somatic past. Uppsala University Press.Google Scholar
Bonneau, A., Brock, F., Higham, T., Pearce, D. G., and Pollard, A. M. 2011. An improved pretreatment protocol for radiocarbon dating black pigments in San rock art. Radiocarbon 53(3): 419428.Google Scholar
Bonneau, A., Pearce, D. G., and Pollard, A. M. 2012. A multi-technique characterization and provenance study of the pigments used in San rock art, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 39: 287294.Google Scholar
Bonneau, A., Pearce, D. G., Mitchell, P., Arthur, C., Higham, T., Lamothe, M., and Arsenault, D. 2014. Comparing painting pigments and subjects: the case of white paints at the Metolong dam (Lesotho). In Scott, R. B., Braehmans, D., Carremans, M., and Degryse, P. (eds.) Proceedings of the 39th International Symposium on Archaeometry, Leuven, Belgium. Leuven: Centre for Archaeological Sciences, pp. 319323.Google Scholar
Bonneau, A., Pearce, D. G., and Higham, T. 2016. Establishing a chronology of San rock art using paint characterization and radiocarbon dating. In Gutierrez, M., and Honoré, E. (eds.) L’art rupestre d’Afrique, Actualité de la recherche, Actes du colloque International Paris, 15 au 17 Janvier 2014, Université Paris 1, Centre Panthéon et Musée du Quai Branly. Nanterre: Editions l’Harmattan, pp. 245251.Google Scholar
Bonneau, A., Pearce, D., Mitchell, P., Staff, R., Arthur, C., Mallen, L., Brock, F., and Higham, T. 2017a. The earliest directly dated rock paintings from southern Africa: new AMS radiocarbon dates. Antiquity 91: 322333.Google Scholar
Bonneau, A., Staff, R., Higham, T., Brock, F., Pearce, D., and Mitchell, P. 2017b. Successfully dating rock art in southern Africa using improved sampling methods and new characterization and pretreatment protocols. Radiocarbon 59(3): 659677.Google Scholar
Bowler, P. J., and Morus, I. R. 2005. Making modern science: a historical survey. Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Boyd, C. E. 2003. Rock art of the Lower Pecos. College Station: Texas A and M University Press.Google Scholar
Bressloff, P. C., Cowan, J. D., Golubitsky, M., Thomas, P. J., and Wiener, M. C. 2001. Geometric visual hallucinations, Euclidean symmetry and the functional architecture of the striate cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, Series B 356: 299330.Google Scholar
Breuil, H. 1952. Four hundred centuries of cave art. Paris: Centre d’Études et de Documentation Préhistoriques.Google Scholar
Bryden, H. A. 1893. Gun and camera in southern Africa: a year of wanderings in Bechuanaland, the Kalahari Desert, and the Lake River Country, Ngamiland. London: Edward Stanford.Google Scholar
Burkitt, M. 1928. South Africa’s past in stone and paint. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Callaway, G. 1926. The fellowship of the veld: sketches of native life in South Africa. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Campbell, A., Denbow, J., and Wilmsen, E. 1994. Paintings like engravings: rock art at Tsodilo. In Dowson, T. A., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. (eds.) Contested images: diversity in southern African rock art research. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 131158.Google Scholar
Campbell, C. 1986. Images of war: a problem in San rock art research. World Archaeology 18: 255268.Google Scholar
Campbell, C. 1987. Art in crisis: contact period rock art in the south-eastern mountains of southern Africa. MSc thesis, University of the Witwatersrand.Google Scholar
Campbell, J. 1815. Travels in South Africa, undertaken at the request of the Missionary Society. London: Black, Parry and Co.Google Scholar
Challis, S. 2012. Creolisation on the nineteenth century frontiers of southern Africa: a case study of the AmaThola ‘Bushmen’ in the Maloti-Drakensberg. Journal of Southern African Studies 38: 265280.Google Scholar
Challis, S. 2014. Binding beliefs: the creolisation process in a ‘Bushman’ raider group in nineteenth-century southern Africa. In Deacon, J., and Skotnes, P. (eds.) The courage of //Kabbo: celebrating the 100th anniversary of the publication of ‘Specimens of Bushman folklore’. University of Cape Town Press, pp. 247264.Google Scholar
Challis, S. 2017. Creolization in the investigation of rock art of the colonial era. In David, B., and McNiven, J. (eds.) The Oxford handbook of archaeology and anthropology of rock art. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Challis, S., Hollmann, J., and McGranaghan, M. 2013. ‘Rain snakes’ from the Senqu River: new light on Qing’s commentary of San rock art from Sehonghong, Lesotho. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 48: 331354.Google Scholar
Challis, W. R. 2003. Many paintings, no ethnography: rhebok in the art of the south-eastern mountains of southern Africa. Unpublished MSc thesis, Oxford University.Google Scholar
Challis, W. R. 2008. The impact of the horse on the AmaTola ‘Bushmen’: new identity in the Maloti-Drakensberg mountains of southern Africa. Unpublished DPhilthesis, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Chalmers, A. F. 1990. Science and its fabrication. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Chalmers, A. F. 2013. What is this thing called science? St Lucia: University of Queensland Press.Google Scholar
Chapman, J. 1868. Travels in the interior of South Africa. London: Bell and Daly.Google Scholar
Chennells, R. 2002. The ≠Khomani San land claim. Cultural Survival Quarterly 26: 5152.Google Scholar
Chidester, D. 1996. Bushman religion: open, closed, and new frontiers. In Skotnes, P. (ed.) Miscast: negotiating the presence of the Bushmen. University of Cape Town Press, pp. 5159.Google Scholar
Collins, R. 1838. Journal of a tour on the north-eastern boundary, the Orange River, and the Storm Mountains, in 1809. In Moodie, D. (ed.) The record, vol. V. Cape Town: Robertson, pp. 160.Google Scholar
Cook, J. 2016. The history and significance of La Sala Della Preistoria (The Prehistoric Gallery) and the Vatican Ethnological Museum. Bollettino dei Monumenti Musei e Gallerie Pontificie 34: 957.Google Scholar
Cooke, C. K. 1969. Rock art of southern Africa. Cape Town: Books of Africa.Google Scholar
Cowan, J. D. 2015. Geometric visual hallucinations and the structure of the visual cortex. In Collerton, D., Mosimann, U. R., and Perry, E. (eds.) The neuroscience of visual hallucinations. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 217253.Google Scholar
Cumming, R. G. 1850. Five years of a hunter’s life in the far interior of South Africa. 2 vols. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Cytowic, R. 1994. The man who tasted shapes. London: Abacus.Google Scholar
da Col, G., and Graeber, D. 2011. Foreword: the return of ethnographic theory. HAU Journal of Ethnographic Theory 1: vixv.Google Scholar
d’Aquili, E., and Newberg, A. B. 1999. The mystical mind: probing the biology of religious experience. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.Google Scholar
de Prada-Samper, J. M., du Plessis, M., Hollmann, J., Weintraub, J., Wintjes, J., and Wright, J. 2016. On the trail of Qing and Orpen. Johannesburg: Standard Bank.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 1986. ‘My place is the Bitterpits’: the home territory of Bleek and Lloyd’s /Xam San informants. African Studies 45: 135155.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 1988. The power of a place in understanding southern San rock engravings. World Archaeology 20: 129140.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 1992. Arrows as agents of belief among the |Xam Bushmen. Margaret Shaw Lecture 3. Cape Town: South African Museum.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 1994a. Rock engravings and the folklore of Bleek and Lloyd’s |Xam San informants. In Dowson, T. A., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. (eds.) Contested images: diversity in southern African rock art research. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 237256.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 1994b. Some views on rock paintings in the Cederberg. Cape Town: Cape Nature Conservation and Museums and National Monuments Council.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 1996a. Archaeology of the Flat and Grass Bushmen. In Deacon, J., and Dowson, T. A. (eds.) Voices from the past: /Xam Bushmen and the Bleek and Lloyd Collection. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 245270.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 1996b. A tale of two families: Wilhelm Bleek, Lucy Lloyd and the /Xam San of the Northern Cape. In Skotnes, P. (ed.) Miscast: negotiating the presence of the Bushmen. University of Cape Town Press, pp. 93114.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 1996c. The /Xam informants. In Deacon, J., and Dowson, T. A. (eds.) Voices from the past: /Xam Bushmen and the Bleek and Lloyd Collection. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 1139.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 2001. A /Xam San conundrum: what comes first, the art or the place? In Helskog, K. (ed.) Theoretical perspectives in rock art research. Oslo: Novus Forlag, pp. 242250.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 2006. Sharing resources: issues in regional archaeological conservation strategies in southern Africa. In Agnew, N., and Bridgeland, J. (eds.) Of the past, for the future: integrating archaeology and conservation. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, pp. 306311.Google Scholar
Deacon, J. 2007. Management strategies for African rock art. In Deacon, J. (ed.) The future of Africa’s past: proceedings of the 2004 TARA Rock Art Conference. Nairobi: TARA, pp. 2943.Google Scholar
Deacon, J., and Agnew, N. 2012. Theoretical approaches and practical training for rock art site guiding and management. In Smith, B. W., Helskog, K., and Morris, D. (eds.) Working with rock art: recording, presenting and understanding rock art using indigenous knowledge. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 247256.Google Scholar
Deacon, J., and Dowson, T. A. (eds.) 1996. Voices from the Past: /Xam Bushmen and the Bleek and Lloyd Collection. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Deacon, J., and Foster, C. 2005. My heart stands in the hill. Cape Town: Struik.Google Scholar
Deacon, J., and Skotnes, P. (eds.) 2014. The courage of //kabbo: celebrating the 100th anniversary of the publication of Specimens of Bushman folklore. University of Cape Town Press.Google Scholar
Deacon, J, Wiltshire, N., and du Plessis, R. 2018. Designing digital recording for volunteers in rock art surveys, management plans and public outreach in the Cederberg, South Africa. African Archaeological Review https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-018-9293-3.Google Scholar
Dissanayake, E. 1982. Aesthetic experience and human evolution. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 41: 145155.Google Scholar
Dobkin de Rios, M. 1986. Enigma of drug-induced altered states of consciousness among the !Kung Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 15: 297304.Google Scholar
Doke, C. M., and Vilakasi, B. W. 1953. Zulu–English Dictionary. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Dowson, T. A. 1988. Revelations of religious reality: the individual in San rock art. World Archaeology 20: 116128.Google Scholar
Dowson, T. A. 1992. Rock engravings of southern Africa. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Dowson, T. A. 1993. Changing fortunes of southern African archaeology: comment on A. D. Mazel’s ‘history’. Antiquity 67: 641644.Google Scholar
Dowson, T. A. 1994. Reading art, writing history: rock art and social change in southern Africa. World Archaeology 25: 332345.Google Scholar
Dowson, T. A. 1995. Hunter-gatherers, traders and slaves: the ‘Mfecane’ impact on Bushmen, their ritual and their art. In Hamilton, C. (ed.) The Mfecane aftermath: reconstructive debates in southern African history. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 5170.Google Scholar
Dowson, T. A. 1996. Re-production and consumption: the use of rock art imagery in southern Africa today. In Skotnes, P. (ed.) Miscast: negotiating the presence of the Bushmen. University of Cape Town Press, pp. 315321.Google Scholar
Dowson, T. A. 1998a. Like people in prehistory. World Archaeology 29: 333343.Google Scholar
Dowson, T. A. 1998b. Rain in Bushman belief, politics and history: the rock-art of rain-making in the south-eastern mountains of southern Africa. In Chippindale, C., and Taçon, P. S. C. (eds.) The archaeology of rock art. Cambridge University Press, pp. 7389.Google Scholar
Dowson, T. A., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1993. Myths, museums and southern African rock art. South African Historical Journal 29: 4460. Reprinted in Dowson, T. A., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. (eds.) 1994. Contested images: diversity in southern African rock art research. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 385402.Google Scholar
Dowson, T. A, Tobias, P. V., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1994. The mystery of the blue ostriches: clues to the origin and authorship of a supposed rock painting. African Studies 53: 138.Google Scholar
Dunnell, R. C. 1982. Science, social science, and common sense: the agonizing dilemma of modern archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Research 38: 125.Google Scholar
Duval, M., and Smith, B. 2012. Rock art tourism in the uKhahlamba/Drakensberg World Heritage Site: obstacles to the development of sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 21: 134153.Google Scholar
Eagleton, T. 1990. The ideology of the aesthetic. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Eastwood, E., and Eastwood, C. 2006. Capturing the spoor: an exploration of southern African rock art. Cape Town: David Philip.Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. 1980. G/wi-Buschleite (Kalahari)–Krankenheilung und Trance. Homo 31: 6778.Google Scholar
Eichmeier, J., and Höfer, O. 1974. Endogene Bildmuster. Munich: Urban and Schwarzenburg.Google Scholar
Eldredge, E. A. 1988. Land, politics, and censorship: the historiography of nineteenth-century Lesotho. History in Africa 15: 191209.Google Scholar
Eliade, M. 1972. Shamanism: archaic techniques of ecstasy. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ellenberger, V. 1953. La fin tragique des Bushmen. Paris: Amiot Dumont.Google Scholar
England, N. 1968. Music among the Ju/wa-si of South West Africa and Botswana. Unpublished PhD thesis, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Evans, R. J. 1971. A draft scheme for computer processing of rock art data. In Schoonraad, M. (ed.) Rock paintings of southern Africa. Johannesburg: South African Association for the Advancement of Science, Special Publication 2, pp. 7379.Google Scholar
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1951. Social anthropology. London: Cohen and West.Google Scholar
Eyerman, R. 1981. False consciousness and ideology in Marxist theory. Acta Sociologica 24: 4356.Google Scholar
Fara, P. 2009. Science: a four thousand year history. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Feyerabend, P. K. 1987. Farewell to reason. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Fock, G. J., and Fock, D.. 1989. Felsbilder in SüdAfrica, teil III: Felsbilder im Vaal-Oranje-Becken. Cologne: Böhlau Verlag.Google Scholar
Foley, R. A. 1996. An evolutionary and chronological framework for human and social behaviour. Proceedings of the British Academy 88: 95117.Google Scholar
Fox, M. 2003. Religion, spirituality and the near-death experience. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Francis, J., and Loendorf, L. L. 2002. Ancient visions: petroglyphs and pictographs of the Wind River and Bighorn Country, Wyoming and Montana. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.Google Scholar
Freedberg, D. 1989. The power of images: studies in the history and theory of response. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, J. 1974. Marxism, structuralism and vulgar materialism. Man (n.s.) 9: 444469.Google Scholar
Froese, T., Woodward, A., and Ikegami, T. 2013. Turing instabilities in biology, culture, and consciousness? On the enactive origins of symbolic material culture. Adaptive Behavior 21(3): 199214.Google Scholar
Froese, T., Guzman, G., and Guzmán-Dávalos, L. 2016. On the origin of the genus Psilocybe and its potential ritual use in ancient Africa and Europe. Economic Botany 20: 112 (published on line 10/5/2016).Google Scholar
Geertz, C. 1983. Local knowledge: further essays in interpretative anthropology. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Geertz, C. 1988. Works and lives: the anthropologist as author. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Gell, A. 1992. The technology of enchantment and the enchantment of technology. In Coote, J., and Shelton, A. (eds.) Anthropology, art and aesthetics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 4067.Google Scholar
Godelier, M. 1975. Modes of production, kinship, and demographic structures. In Bloch, M. (ed.) Marxist analyses and social anthropology. London: Malaby Press, pp. 328.Google Scholar
Godelier, M. 1977. Perspectives in Marxist anthropology. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Godelier, M. 1978. Object and method in economic anthropology. In Seddon, D. (ed.) Relations of production: Marxist approaches to economic anthropology. London: Frank Cass, pp. 49126.Google Scholar
Goody, J., and Watt, I. 1963. The consequences of literacy. Comparative Studies in Society and History 5: 304345.Google Scholar
Gordon, R. J. 1984. The !Kung in the Kalahari exchange: an ethnohistorical perspective. In Schrire, C. (ed.) Past and present in hunter gatherer studies. New York: Academic Press, pp. 195223.Google Scholar
Gordon, R. J. 1992. The Bushman myth: the making of a Namibian underclass. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Government Commission on Native Laws. 1883. Report and Proceedings of the Government Commission on Native Laws and Customs. Cape of Good Hope. 1883. G.4-’83. Cape Town: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Gow, P. 2001. An Amazonian myth and its history. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Guenther, M. G. 1975. The trance dancer as an agent of social change among the farm Bushmen of the Ghanzi District. Botswana Notes and Records 7: 161166.Google Scholar
Guenther, M. G. 1976. The San trance dance: ritual and revitalization among the farm Bushmen of the Ghanzi District, Republic of Botswana. Journal of the South West African Scientific Society 30: 4550.Google Scholar
Guenther, M. G. 1986. The Nharo Bushmen of Botswana: tradition and change. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.Google Scholar
Guenther, M. G. 1989. Bushman folktales: oral traditions of the Nharo of Botswana and the |Xam of the Cape. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.Google Scholar
Guenther, M. G. 1994. The relationship of Bushman art to ritual and folklore. In Dowson, T. A., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. (eds.) Contested images: diversity in southern African rock art research. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 257274.Google Scholar
Guenther, M. G. 1999. Tricksters and trancers: Bushman religion and society. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Guenther, M. G. 2015. ‘Therefore their parts resemble humans, for they feel they are people’. Before Farming, August. Online.Google Scholar
Guenther, M. G. 2017. ‘… the eyes are no longer wild. You have taken the kudu into your mind’: the superogatory aspect of San hunting. South African Archaeological Bulletin 72: 316.Google Scholar
Guldbrandsen, O. 1991. On the problem of egalitarianism: the Kalahari San. In Grohaug, R., Haaland, G., and Heriksen, G. (eds.) The ecology of choice and symbol: essays in honour of Fredrik Barth. Bergen: Alma Mater Forlag, pp. 81111.Google Scholar
Gutkin, B., Pinto, D., and Ermentrout, B. 2003. Mathematical neuroscience: from neurons to circuits to systems. Journal of Physiology 97: 209219Google Scholar
Guy, J. 1987. Analysing pre-capitalist societies in southern Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies 14: 1837.Google Scholar
Hahn, T. 1881. Tsuni-||Goam: the supreme being of the Khoi-Khoi. London: Trübner.Google Scholar
Halifax, J. 1979 (ed.) Shamanic voices: the shaman as seer, poet and healer. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Hall, S. 1994. Images of interaction: rock art and sequence in the eastern Cape. In Dowson, T. A., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. (eds.) Contested images: diversity in southern African rock art research. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 6182.Google Scholar
Hammond-Tooke, W. D. 1975. Command or consensus: the development of Transkeian local government. Cape Town: David Philip.Google Scholar
Hammond-Tooke, W. D. 1989. Rituals and medicines: indigenous healing in South Africa. Johannesburg: Ad. Donker.Google Scholar
Hammond-Tooke, W. D. 1993. The roots of Black South Africa. Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball.Google Scholar
Hammond-Tooke, W. D. 1997. Whatever happened to /Kaggen?: a note on Khoisan/Cape Nguni borrowing. South African Archaeological Bulletin 52: 122124.Google Scholar
Hammond-Tooke, W. D. 1998. Selective borrowing? The possibility of San shamanistic influence on southern Bantu divination and healing practices. South African Archaeological Bulletin 53: 915.Google Scholar
Hammond-Tooke, W. D. 1999. Divinatory animals: further evidence of San/Nguni borrowing. South African Archaeological Bulletin 54: 128132.Google Scholar
Hammond-Tooke, W. D. 2002. The uniqueness of Nguni mediumistic divination in Southern Africa. Africa 72: 277292.Google Scholar
Hampson, J. 2015. Rock art and regional identity: a comparative perspective. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Harinck, G. 1969. Interaction between Xhosa and Khoi: emphasis on the period 1620–1750. In Thompson, L. (ed.) African societies in southern Africa. London: Heinemann, pp. 145170.Google Scholar
Hawkes, C. 1954. Archaeological theory and method: some suggestions from the Old World. American Anthropologist 56: 155168.Google Scholar
Hayden, B. 2001. The dynamics of wealth and poverty in the transegalitarian societies of southeast Asia. Antiquity 75: 571581.Google Scholar
Hayden, B. 2003. A prehistory of religion: shamans, sorcerers and saints. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books.Google Scholar
Hays-Gilpin, K. A. 2004. Ambiguous images: gender and rock art. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press.Google Scholar
Hedges, K. E. 1976. Southern California rock art as shamanistic art. In Sutherland, K. (ed.) American Indian rock art, vol. II. El Paso Archaeological Society, pp. 126138.Google Scholar
Hedges, K. E. 1982. Phosphenes in the context of North American rock art. In Bock, F. (ed.) American Indian rock art, vols. VII–VIII. El Toro, CA: American Rock Art Research Association, pp. 110.Google Scholar
Hedges, K. E. 1983. The shamanic origins of rock art. In van Tilburg, J. A. (ed.) Ancient images on stone: rock art of the Californias. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, pp. 4659.Google Scholar
Heinz, H.-J., and Lee, M. 1978. Namkwa: life among the Bushmen. London: Jonathan CapeGoogle Scholar
Helskog, K. A. 2012a. Ancient depictions of reindeer enclosures and their environment. Fennoscandia Archaeologica 29: 2752.Google Scholar
Helskog, K. A. 2012b. Bears and meanings among hunter-fisher-gatherers in northern Fennoscandia, 9000–2500 BC. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 22: 209236.Google Scholar
Henry, L. 2010. Rock art and the contested landscape of the north Eastern Cape, South Africa. Unpublished MA thesis, University of the Witwatersrand.Google Scholar
Henshilwood, C. S., d’Errico, F., and Watts, I. 2009. Engraved ochres from the Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 57: 2747.Google Scholar
Hewitt, R. L. 1986. Structure, meaning and ritual in the narratives of the southern San. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.Google Scholar
Heyd, T. 2012. Rock ‘art’ and art: Why aesthetics should matter. In McDonald, J., and Veth, P. (eds.) Companion to rock art. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 267293.Google Scholar
Heyd, T., and Clegg, J. (eds.) 2005. Aesthetics and rock art. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Hobart, J., Mitchell, P., and Coote, J. 2002. A rock art pioneer: Louis E. Tylor, and previously undescribed painted rock fragments from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Southern African Humanities 14: 6578.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. 1982. Symbols in action. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. 1992. Theory and practice in archaeology. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hœrlé, S., Pearce, D. G., Bertrand, L., Sandt, C., and Menu, M. 2016. Imaging the layered fabric of paints from Nomansland rock art (South Africa). Archaeometry 58: 182199.Google Scholar
Hollis, M. 1994. The philosophy of social science: an introduction. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hollmann, J. C. 2002. Natural models, ethnology and San rock-paintings in south-eastern South Africa. South African Journal of Science 98: 563567.Google Scholar
Hollmann, J. C. (ed.) 2004. Customs and beliefs of the |Xam Bushmen. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Hollmann, J. C. 2005a. ‘Swift-people: therianthropes and bird symbolism in hunter-gatherer rock-paintings, Western and Eastern Cape Provinces, South Africa. South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series 9: 1224.Google Scholar
Hollmann, J. C. 2005b. Using behavioural postures and morphology to identify hunter-gatherer rock paintings of therianthropes in the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin 60: 8495.Google Scholar
Hollmann, J. C. 2015. Allusions to agricultural rituals in hunter-gatherer rock art? eMkhobeno Shelter, northern uKhahlamba-Drakensberg, KwaZulu-Natal. African Archaeological Review 32: 505535.Google Scholar
Hollmann, J. C. 2016. A glimpse into the archaeology of the Qing-Orpen sites. In de Prada-Samper, J. M., du Plessis, M., Hollmann, J., Weintroub, J., Wintjes, J., and Wright, J. (eds.) On the trail of Qing and Orpen. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 123157.Google Scholar
Hollmann, J. C., and Crause, K. 2011. Digital imaging and the revelation of ‘hidden’ rock art: Vaalkop Shelter, KwaZulu-Natal. Southern African Humanities 23: 5576.Google Scholar
Horowitz, M. J. 1964. The imagery of visual hallucinations. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 138: 513523.Google Scholar
Horowitz, M. J. 1975. Hallucinations: an information processing approach. In Siegel, R. K., and West, L. J. (eds.) Halluicnations: behaviour, experience and theory. New York: Wiley, pp. 163195.Google Scholar
How, M. W. 1962. The Mountain Bushmen of Basutoland. Pretoria: van Schaik.Google Scholar
Howell, N. 1979. Demography of the Dobe !Kung. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hunter, M. 1979. Reaction to conquest: effects of contact with Europeans on the Pondo of South Africa. Cape Town: David Philip.Google Scholar
Hviding, E., and Berg, C. (eds.) 2014. The ethnographic experiment: A. M. Hocart and W. H. R. Rivers in Island Melanesia, 1908. Oxford: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Ingold, T. 1987. Hunting, sacrifice and the domestication of animals. In Ingold, T. (ed.) The appropriation of nature: essays on human ecology and social relations. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, pp. 243276.Google Scholar
Ingold, T. 2000. The perception of the environment. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ingold, T. 2014. That’s enough about ethnography. Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4: 383395.Google Scholar
Jenkins, T., Zoutendyk, A., and Steinberg, A. G. 1970. Gammagobulin groups (Gm and Inv) of various southern African populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 32: 197218.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. P. 1910. Geological and archaeological notes on Orangia. London: Longmans, Green and Co.Google Scholar
Johnson, K. 2016. Here Be Monsters: Spirits-of-the-dead at RSA-PTG11. Unpublished BSc (Hons) thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.Google Scholar
Johnson, T. 1960. Rock-paintings of ships. South African Archaeological Bulletin 40: 111113.Google Scholar
Johnson, T., Rabinowitz, H., and Sieff, P. 1959. Rock-paintings of the south-western Cape. Cape Town: Nationale Boekhandel.Google Scholar
Jolly, P. 1986. A first-generation descendant of the Transkei San. South African Archaeological Bulletin 41: 69.Google Scholar
Jolly, P. 1996a. Interaction between Black farmers and south-eastern San. Current Anthropology 37: 227305.Google Scholar
Jolly, P. 1996b. Interaction between south-eastern San and southern Nguni and Sotho communities, c. 1400–c.1880. South African Historical Journal 35: 3061.Google Scholar
Jolly, P. 2000. Nguni diviners and the south-eastern San: some issues relating to their mutual cultural influence. Natal Museum Journal of Humanities 12: 7995.Google Scholar
Jolly, P. 2015. Sonqua: southern San history and art after contact. Cape Town: privately published.Google Scholar
Jones, J. D. F. 2001. Storyteller: the many lives of Laurens van der Post. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Kannemeyer, D. R. 1890. Stone implements of the Bushmen. Cape Illustrated Magazine 1: 120130.Google Scholar
Katz, R. 1976. Education for transcendence: !kia-healing and the Kalahari !Kung. In Lee, R. B., and DeVore, I. (eds.) Kalahari hunter-gatherers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 281301.Google Scholar
Katz, R. 1982. Boiling energy: community healing among the Kalahari San. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Katz, R., Biesele, M., and St Denis, V. 1997. Healing makes our hearts happy: spirituality and cultural transformation among the Kalahari Ju|’hoansi. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions.Google Scholar
Keenan, J. 1977. The concept of the mode of production in hunter-gatherer societies. African Studies 36: 5769.Google Scholar
Keenan, J. 1981. The concept of the mode of production in hunter-gatherer societies. In Khan, J. S., and Llobera, J. R. (eds.) The anthropology of pre-capitalist societies. London: Macmillan, pp. 221.Google Scholar
Keenan, J. 1999. Kalahari Bushmen healers. Philadelphia: Ringing Rocks Press.Google Scholar
Keenan, J. 2003. Ropes to god: experiencing the Bushman spiritual universe. Philadelphia: Ringing Rocks Press.Google Scholar
Kent, S. 1989. And justice for all: the development of political centralization among newly sedentary foragers. American Anthropologist 9: 703712.Google Scholar
Kent, S. 1992. The current forager controversy: real versus ideal views of hunter-gatherers. Man 27: 4570.Google Scholar
Kent, S. 1993. Sharing in an egalitarian Kalahari community. Man (n.s.) 28: 479514.Google Scholar
Kent, S., and Vierich, H. 1989. The myth of ecological determinism: anticipated mobility and site organization of space. In Kent, S. (ed.) Farmers and hunters: the implications of sedentism. Cambridge University Press, pp. 97130.Google Scholar
Kinahan, J. 2001. Pastoral nomads of the Namib Desert: the people history forgot. Windhoek: Namibia Archaeological Trust.Google Scholar
Kinahan, J. 2017. The solitary shaman: itinerant healers and ritual seclusion in the Namib Desert during the second millennium AD. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 27: 553569.Google Scholar
Klüver, H. 1926. Mescal visions and eidetic vision. American Journal of Psychology 37: 502515.Google Scholar
Klüver, H. 1942. Mechanisms of hallicinations. In McNemar, Q., and Merrill, M. A. (eds.) Studies in personality. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 175207.Google Scholar
Klüver, H. 1966. Mescal and the mechanisms of hallucinations. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Knoll, M. 1958. Anregung geometrischer Figuren anderer subjektiver Lichmuster in elektrischen Feldern. Zeitschrift für Psychologie 17: 110126.Google Scholar
Knoll, M., Kugler, J., Höfer, O., and Lawder, S. D. 1963. Effects of chemical stimulation of electrically induced phosphenes on their bandwith, shape, number and intensity. Confinia Neurologica 23: 201226.Google Scholar
Kropf, A., and Godfrey, R. 1915. A Kafir–English dictionary. Lovedale Mission Press.Google Scholar
Kuper, A. 1996. Anthropology and anthropologists: the modern British school (3rd edition). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Laming, A. 1959. Lascaux: paintings and engravings. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Latour, B., and Woolgar, S. 1979. Laboratory life: the social construction of scientific facts. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Laudan, L. 1981. The pseudo-science of science? Philosophy of Social Science 11: 173198.Google Scholar
Laudan, L. 1996. Beyond positivism and relativism: theory, method, and evidence. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Laughlin, C. D., and d’Aquili, E. G. 1979. Ritual and stress. In d’Aquili, E. G., Laughlin, C. D., and McManus, J. (eds.) The spectrum of ritual: a biogenetic structural analysis. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 280317.Google Scholar
Lawson, A. J. 2012. Painted caves: Palaeolithic rock art in western Europe. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Layton, R. 1992. Australian rock art: a new synthesis. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Leach, E. 1982. Social anthropology. London: Fontana.Google Scholar
Lee, D. N., and Woodhouse, H. C. 1970. Art on the rocks of southern Africa. Johannesburg: Purnell.Google Scholar
Lee, D. N., and Woodhouse, H. C. 1967. The trance cure of the !Kung Bushmen. Natural History 76: 3137.Google Scholar
Lee, D. N., and Woodhouse, H. C. 1969. Eating Christmas in the Kalahari. Natural History 78: 10, 1422, 6061.Google Scholar
Lee, D. N., and Woodhouse, H. C. 1979. The !Kung San: men, women, and work in a foraging society. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, D. N., and Woodhouse, H. C. 1993. The Dobe Ju|’hoansi (2nd edition). New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.Google Scholar
Lee, D. N., and Woodhouse, H. C. 2013. The Dobe Ju|’hoansi. Independence, Ky: Cengage Learning.Google Scholar
Lee, R. B., and DeVore, I. 1976. Kalahari hunter-gatherers: studies of the !Kung San and their neighbours. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lenssen-Erz, T. 1995. Introduction. In Pager, H. (ed.) The rock paintings of the Upper Brandberg, part III – southern gorges. Cologne: Heinrich-Barth-Institut, 1995, pp. 1524.Google Scholar
Lenssen-Erz, T. 2006. Introduction. In Pager, H. (ed.) The rock paintings of the Upper Brandberg, part VI – Naib Gorge (B), Circus and Dom Gorges. Cologne: Heinrich-Barth-Institut, pp. 1524.Google Scholar
Le Quellec, J.-L., Duquesnoy, F., and Defrasne, C. 2015. Digital image enhancement with DStretch®: is complexity always necessary for efficiency? Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 2: 5567.Google Scholar
Leroi-Gourhan, A. 1968. The art of prehistoric man in western Europe. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Leroi-Gourhan, A, and Allain, J. (eds.) 1979. Lascaux inconnu. Paris: Éditions CNRS.Google Scholar
Le Roux, W., and White, A. 2004. Voices of the San living in southern Africa today. Cape Town: Kwela Books.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, C. 1961. A world on the wane. New York: Criterion Books.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, C. 1977. Structural anthropology, vol. II. London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar
Lewis, I. M. 1971. Ecstatic religion: an anthropological study of spirit possession and shamanism. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1972. The syntax and function of the Giant’s Castle rock paintings. South African Archaeological Bulletin 27: 4965.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1974. Superpositioning in a sample of rock paintings from the Barkly East district. South African Archaeological Bulletin 29: 93103.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1977. Believing and seeing: an interpretation of symbolic meanings in southern San rock paintings. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Natal.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1980. Ethnography and iconography: aspects of southern San thought and art. Man (n.s.) 15: 467482.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1981a. Believing and seeing: symbolic meanings in southern San rock paintings. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1981b. The thin red line: southern San notions and rock paintings of supernatural potency. South African Archaeological Bulletin 36: 513.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1982. The economic and social context of southern San rock art. Current Anthropology 23: 429449.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1983a. Introductory essay: science and rock art. In Lewis-Williams, J. D. (ed.) New approaches to Southern African rock art. South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series 4, pp. 313.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1983b. The rock art of southern Africa. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1986a. Cognitive and optical illusions in San rock art research. Current Anthropology 27: 171178.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1986b. The last testament of the southern San. South African Archaeological Bulletin 41: 1011.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1987. A dream of eland: an unexplored component of San shamanism. World Archaeology 19: 165177.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1988a. People of the eland: an archaeolinguistic crux. In Ingold, T., Riches, D., and Woodburn, I. (eds.) Hunters and gatherers: property, power and ideology. London: Berg, pp. 203211.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1988b. The world of man and the world of spirit: an interpretation of the Linton rock paintings. Margaret Shaw Lecture 2. Cape Town: South African Museum.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1989. Southern Africa’s place in the archaeology of human understanding. South African Journal of Science 89: 4752.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1990. Documentation, analysis and interpretation: problems in rock art research. South African Archaeological Bulletin 45: 126136.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1991. Wresting with analogy: a methodological dilemma in Upper Palaeolithic art research. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57: 149162.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1992a. Ethnographic evidence relating to ‘trance’ and ‘shamans’ among northern and southern Bushmen. South African Archaeological Bulletin 47: 5660.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1992b. Rock paintings of the Natal Drakensberg. Pietermaritzburg: Natal University Press.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1992c. Vision, power and dance: the genesis of a southern African rock art panel. Fourteenth Kroon Lecture. Amsterdam: Stichting Nederlands Museum voor Anthropologie en Praehistorie.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1994. Rock art and ritual: Southern Africa and beyond. Complutum 5: 277289.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1995. Modelling the production and consumption of rock art. South African Archaeological Bulletin 50: 143154.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1996a. Coldstream Stone. In Phillips, T. (ed.) Africa: the art of a continent, London: Royal Academy of Arts, p. 189.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1996b. The Linton Panel. In Phillips, T. (ed.) Africa: the art of a continent, London: Royal Academy of Arts, p. 188.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1996c. A visit to the Lion’s house: the structure, metaphors and socio-political significance of a nineteenth-century Bushman myth. In Deacon, J., and Dowson, T. A. (eds.) Voices from the past: /Xam Bushmen and the Bleek and Lloyd Collection. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 122141.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1997a. Art, agency and altered consciousness: a motif in French (Quercy) Upper Palaeolithic art. Antiquity 7: 810830.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1997b. The Mantis, the Eland and the Meerkats: conflict and mediation in a nineteenth-century San myth. In McAllister, P. (ed.) Culture and the commonplace: anthropological essays in honour of David Hammond-Tooke. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 195216. Reprinted in Lewis-Williams, J. D., 2002. A cosmos in stone: interpreting religion and society though rock art. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, pp. 7394.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 1998. Quanto? The issue of ‘many meanings’ in southern African rock art research. South African Archaeological Bulletin 53: 8697Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2001a. Brainstorming images: neuropsychology and rock art research. In Whitley, D. S. (ed.) Handbook of rock art research. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, pp. 332357.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2001b. Monolithism and polysemy: Scylla and Charybdis in rock art research. In Helskog, K. (ed.) Theoretical perspectives in rock art research. Oslo: Novus Forlag, pp. 2339.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2001c. Southern African shamanistic rock art in its social and cognitive contexts. In Price, N (ed.) The archaeology of shamanism. New York: Routledge, pp. 1739.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2002a. The mind in the cave: consciousness and the origins of art. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2002b. Stories that float from afar: ancestral folklore of the San of southern Africa. Cape Town: David Philip.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2003. Images of mystery: rock art of the Drakensberg. Cape Town: Double Storey. (L’art rupestre en Afrique du Sud: mystérieuses images du Drakensberg. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.)Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2010. Conceiving God: the cognitive origin and evolution of religion. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2011. San rock art: a Jacana pocket guide. Johannesburg: Jacana Media.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2013a. Comment on: Froese et al.: ‘Turing instabilities in biology, culture, and consciousness’. Adaptive Behavior 22(1): 8385.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2013b. From illustration to social intervention: three nineteenth-century /Xam myths and their implications for understanding San rock art. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 23: 241262.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2013c. Qwanciqutshaa, a nineteenth-century southern San mythological being: who is he and what does his name mean? South African Archaeological Bulletin 68: 7985.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2015a. Becoming modern: thoughts on symbols and consciousness. The Digging Stick 31: 79.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2015b. Myth and meaning: San-Bushman folklore in global context. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2016. The Jackal and the Lion: aspects of Khoisan folklore. Folklore 127: 5170.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2018. Three nineteenth-century southern African San myths: a study in meaning. Africa 88: 138159.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Biesele, M. 1978. Eland hunting rituals among northern and southern San groups: striking similarities. Africa 48: 117134.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Challis, S. 2011. Deciphering ancient minds: the mystery of San Bushman rock art. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Dowson, T. A. 1988. The signs of all times: entoptic phenomena in Upper Palaeolithic art. Current Anthropology 29: 201245.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Dowson, T. A. 1990. Through the veil: San rock paintings and the rock face. South African Archaeological Bulletin 45: 516.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Dowson, T. A. 2000. Images of power: understanding San rock art. Cape Town: Struik.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Pearce, D. G. 2004a. San spirituality: roots, expressions and social consequences. Cape Town: Double Storey; Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Pearce, D. G. 2004b. Southern African rock paintings as social intervention: a study of rain-control images. African Archaeological Review 21: 199228.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Pearce, D. G. 2005. Inside the Neolithic mind: consciousness, cosmos and the realm of the gods. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Pearce, D. G. 2009. Constructing spiritual panoramas: order and chaos in southern African San rock art panels. South African Humanities 21: 4161.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Pearce, D. G. 2012. The southern San and the trance dance: a pivotal debate in the interpretation of San rock paintings. Antiquity 86: 696706.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Pearce, D. G. 2015. San rock art: evidence and argument. Antiquity 89: 732739.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., Dowson, T. A., and Deacon, J. 1993. Rock art and changing perceptions of southern Africa’s past: Ezeljagdspoort reviewed. Antiquity 67: 273291.Google Scholar
Lewis-Williams, J. D., Blundell, G., Challis, W., and Hampson, J. 2000. Threads of light: re-examining a motif in southern African rock art. South African Archaeological Bulletin 55: 123136.Google Scholar
Lichtenstein, H. 1930. Travels in southern Africa in the years 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806. Cape Town: van Riebeeck Society.Google Scholar
Little, D. 1991. Varieties of social explanation: an introduction to the philosophy of social science. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Lloyd, L. C. 1889. A short account of further Bushman material collected. London: David Nutt.Google Scholar
Loubser, J. H. N., and Brink, J. 1992. Unusual paintings of wildebeest and a zebra-like animal from north-western Lesotho. Southern African Field Archaeology 1: 103107.Google Scholar
Loubser, J. H. N., and Lourens, G. 1994. Depictions of domestic ungulates and shields: hunter/gatherers and agro-pastoralists in the Caledon River valley area. In Dowson, T. A., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. (eds.) Contested images: diversity in southern African rock art research. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 83118.Google Scholar
Louw, J. A. 1977. Clicks as loans in Xhosa. In Snyman, J. W. (ed.) Bushman and Hottentot linguistic studies. Pretoria: University of South Africa, pp. 82100.Google Scholar
McGranaghan, M. 2012. Foragers on the frontier: the /Xam Bushmen of the Northern Cape, South Africa, in the nineteenth century. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
McGranaghan, M., and Challis, S. 2016. Reconfiguring hunting magic: southern Bushman (San) perspectives on taming and their implications for understanding rock art. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 26: 579599.Google Scholar
McGranaghan, M., Challis, S., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2013. Joseph Millerd Orpen’s ‘A glimpse into the mythology of the Maluti Bushmen’: an historiography and re-published text. Southern African Humanities 25: 137166.Google Scholar
Machamer, P., and Silberstein, M. 2002. The Blackwell guide to the philosophy of science. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, J. 1883. Day-dawn in dark places. London: Cassell.Google Scholar
Maggs, T. M. O’C. 1967. A quantitative analysis of the rock art from a sample area in the Western Cape. South African Journal of Science 63: 100104.Google Scholar
Maggs, T. M. O’C., and Sealy, J. 1983. Elephants in boxes. South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series 5: 2230.Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. 1948. Magic, science and religion and other essays. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Mallen, L. 2008. Rock art and identity in the north eastern Cape Province. Unpublished MA thesis, University of the Witwatersrand.Google Scholar
Manhire, A., Parkington, J., Mazel, A. D., and Maggs, T. 1986. Cattle, sheep and horses: a review of domestic animals in the rock art of southern Africa. South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series 5: 2230.Google Scholar
Marshall, J., and Ritchie, C. 1984. Where are the Ju|wasi of Nyae Nyae? Cape Town: Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town.Google Scholar
Marshall, L. 1957. N!ow. Africa 27: 232240.Google Scholar
Marshall, L. 1961. Sharing, talking, and giving: relief of social tensions among !Kung Bushmen. Africa 31: 231249.Google Scholar
Marshall, L. 1962. !Kung Bushman religious beliefs. Africa 32: 221251.Google Scholar
Marshall, L. 1969. The medicine dance of the !Kung Bushmen. Africa 39: 347381.Google Scholar
Marshall, L. 1976. The !Kung of Nyae Nyae. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Marshall, L. 1999. Nyae Nyae !Kung beliefs and rites. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Marshall Thomas, E. 1988. The harmless people. Cape Town: David Philip.Google Scholar
Marshall Thomas, E. 2006. The old way: a story of the First People. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux.Google Scholar
Mauss, M. 1970. The gift: forms and functions of exchange in archaic societies. London: Cohen and West.Google Scholar
Mazel, A. 1981. Up and down the Little Berg: archaeological resource management in the Natal Drakensberg. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Cape Town.Google Scholar
Mazel, A. 1992. Collingham Shelter: the excavation of late Holocene deposits, Natal, South Africa. Natal Museum Journal of Humanities 4: 152.Google Scholar
Mazel, A. 1993. Rock art and Natal Drakensberg hunter-gatherer history: a reply to Dowson. Antiquity 67: 889892.Google Scholar
Mazel, A. 2009a. Images in time: advances in the dating of the Maloti-Drakensberg rock art since the 1970s. In Mitchell, P., and Smith, B. (eds.) The eland’s people: new perspectives in the rock art of the Maloti-Drakensberg Bushmen. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 8197.Google Scholar
Mazel, A. 2009b. Unsettled times: shaded polychrome paintings and hunter-gatherer history in the south-eastern mountains of southern Africa. Southern African Humanities 21: 85115.Google Scholar
Mellars, P. 2005. The impossible coincidence: a single-species model for the origins of modern human behaviour in Europe. Evolutionary Anthropology 14: 1227.Google Scholar
Methuen, H. H. 1846. Life in the wilderness. London: R. Bentley.Google Scholar
Metzger, F. 1950. Narro and his clan. Windhoek: John Meinert.Google Scholar
Mguni, S. 2015. Termites of the Gods: San cosmology in southern African rock art. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, P. 2002. The archaeology of southern Africa. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, P. 2009. Hunter-gatherers and farmers: some implications of the 1,800 years of interaction in the Maloti-Drakensberg region of southern Africa. In Ikeya, K., Ogawa, H., and Mitchell, P. (eds.) Interactions between hunter-gatherers and farmers: from prehistory to present. Senri Ethnological Studies 73. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology, pp. 1546.Google Scholar
Mitchell, P., and Hudson, A. 2004. Psychoactive plants and southern African hunter-gatherers: a review of the evidence. Southern African Humanities 16: 3957.Google Scholar
Morwood, M. J. 2002. Visions from the past: the archaeology of Australian Aboriginal art. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Mullen, A. 2018. Re-investigating significantly differentiated figures in the rock art of the south-eastern mountains. Unpublished MA dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand.Google Scholar
Nader, L. 2011. Ethnography as theory. HAU Journal of Ethnographic Theory 1: 211219.Google Scholar
Orpen, J. M. 1874. A glimpse into the mythology of the Maluti Bushmen. Cape Monthly Magazine (n.s.) 9(49): 113.Google Scholar
Ortner, S. B. 1972. On key symbols. American Anthropologist 75: 13371346.Google Scholar
Oster, G. 1970. Phophenes. Scientific American 222(2): 8387.Google Scholar
Ouzman, S. 2003. Indigenous images of a colonial exotic: imaginings from Bushman South Africa. Before Farming 1: 122.Google Scholar
Ouzman, S. 1996. Thaba Sione: place of rhinoceroses and rock art. African Studies 55: 3159.Google Scholar
Ouzman, S. 1998. Towards a mindscape of landscape: rock-art as expression of world-understanding. In Chippindale, C., and Taçon, P. S. C. (eds.) The archaeology of rock-art. Cambridge University Press, pp. 30–41.Google Scholar
Ouzman, S., and Loubser, J. H. N. 2000. Art of the apocalypse: southern Africa’s Bushmen left the agony of their End Time on rock walls. Discovering Archaeology 2: 3845.Google Scholar
Pager, H. 1971. Ndedema: a documentation of the rock paintings of the Ndedema Gorge. Graz: Akademische Druck.Google Scholar
Pager, H. 1975. Stone Age myth and magic, as documented in the rock paintings of South Africa. Graz: Akademische Druck.Google Scholar
Pager, H. 1976. The rating of superimposed rock paintings. Almogaren 5: 205218.Google Scholar
Pager, H. 1989. The rock paintings of the Upper Brandberg: part 1: Amis Gorge. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institute.Google Scholar
Pager, H. 1993. The rock paintings of the Upper Brandberg: part II: Hungorob Gorge. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institute.Google Scholar
Parkington, J. 1984. Soaqua and Bushmen: hunters and robbers. In Schrire, C. (ed.) Past and present in hunter-gatherer studies. London: Academic Press, pp. 151174.Google Scholar
Parkington, J. 2003. Cederberg rock paintings. Cape Town: Creda Communications.Google Scholar
Parkington, J. 1969. Symbolism in cave art. South African Archaeological Bulletin 24: 313.Google Scholar
Parkington, J., and Rusch, N. 2008. Karoo rock engravings. Cape Town: Creda Communications.Google Scholar
Pearce, D. G. 2002. Changing men, changing eland: sequences in the rock paintings of Maclear district, Eastern Cape, South Africa. American Indian Rock Art 28: 129133.Google Scholar
Pearce, D. G. 2006. A comment on Swart’s rock art sequences and the use of Harris Matrix in the Drakensberg. Southern African Humanities 18: 173177.Google Scholar
Pearce, D. G. 2012. Ethnography and history: the significance of social change in interpreting rock art. In Smith, B., Helskog, K., and Morris, D. (eds.) Working with rock art: recording, presenting and understanding rock art using indigenous knowledge. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand Press, pp. 135145.Google Scholar
Pearce, D. G., and Hobart, J. 2010. Further analysis of six painted rock fragments collected by Louis Tylor. Southern African Humanities 22: 171179.Google Scholar
Pearson, J. L. 2002. Shamanism and the ancient mind: a cognitive approach to archaeology. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar
Penn, N. 2005. The forgotten frontier: colonist and Khoisan on the Cape’s northern frontier in the 18th century. Cape Town: Double Storey.Google Scholar
Philip, J. 1828. Researches in South Africa. London: James Duncan.Google Scholar
Phillips, T. 1996. Africa: the art of a continent. Munich: Prestel.Google Scholar
Pinto, L. C. 2014. Contact art of the Western Cape and third spaces of enunciation. South African Archaeological Bulletin 69: 152163.Google Scholar
Poland, M., Hammond-Tooke, D., and Voigt, L. 2003. The abundant herds: a celebration of the Nguni cattle of the Zulu people. Vlaeberg: Fernwood Press.Google Scholar
Potgieter, E. F. 1955. The disappearing Bushmen of Lake Chrissie. Pretoria: Van Schaik.Google Scholar
Price, T. D., and Feinman, G. M. (eds.) 2012. Pathways to power: new perspectives on the emergence of social equality. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Prins, F. E. 1990. Southern Bushmen descendants in the Transkei – rock art and rainmaking. South African Journal of Ethnology 13: 110116.Google Scholar
Prins, F. E. 1994. Living in two worlds: the manipulation of power relations, identity and ideology by the last San rock artist in Tsolo, Transkei, South Africa. Natal Museum Journal of Humanities 6: 179193.Google Scholar
Prins, F. E., and Lewis, H. 1992. Bushmen as mediators in Nguni cosmology. Ethnology 31: 133147.Google Scholar
Ramachandran, V. S., and Blakeslee, S. 1998. Phantoms in the brain: probing the mysteries of the human mind. New York: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. 1972. The cultural context of an aboriginal hallucinogen. In Furst, P. T. (ed.) Flesh of the gods: the ritual use of hallucinogens. London: Allen and Unwin, pp. 84113.Google Scholar
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. 1978a. Beyond the Milky Way: hallucinatory imagery of the Tukano Indians. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications.Google Scholar
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. 1978b. Drug induced optical sensations and their relationship to applied art among some Colombian Indians. In Greenhalgh, M., and Megaw, V. (eds.) Art in society. London: Duckworth, pp. 289304.Google Scholar
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. 1981. Brain and mind in Desana shamanism. Journal of Latin American Lore 7: 7398.Google Scholar
Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. 1985. Basketry as metaphor: arts and crafts of the Desana Indians of the north-west Amazon. Los Angeles: Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Reinach, S. 1903. L’art et la magie: apropos des peintures et des gravures de l’Age du Renne. L’Anthropologie 14: 257266.Google Scholar
Renfrew, A. C., and Shennan, S. (eds.) 1982. Ranking, resource and exchange: aspects of the archaeology of early European society. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, A. 2015. Philosophy of social science. New York: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, E., and Goodwin, A. J. H. 1953. Cave artists of South Africa. Cape Town: Balkema.Google Scholar
Rozwadowski, A. 2004. Symbols through time: interpreting the rock art of central Asia. Poznań: Institute of Eastern Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University.Google Scholar
Rozwadowski, A., and Kośko, M. M. (eds.) 2002. Spirits and stone: shamanism and rock art in central Asia and Siberia. Poznań: Instytut Wschodni Uam.Google Scholar
Ruby, J. (ed.) 2012. The cinema of John Marshall. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rudner, J. 1957. The Brandberg and its archaeological remains. Journal of the South West Africa Scientific Society 12: 744.Google Scholar
Rudner, J., and Rudner, I. 1970. The hunter and his art: a survey of rock art in southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik.Google Scholar
Rusch, N., and Parkington, J. 2010. San rock engravings marking the Karoo landscape. Cape Town: Struik.Google Scholar
Russell, T. 2000. Application of the Harris matrix to San rock art at Main Caves North, KwaZulu-Natal. South African Archaeological Bulletin 55: 6070.Google Scholar
Rust, R., and van der Poll, J. 2011. Water, stone and legend: rock art of the Klein Karoo. Cape Town: Struik Travel and Heritage.Google Scholar
Sacks, O. W. 1970. Migraine: the evolution of a common disorder. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Sacks, O. W. 1993. Migraine. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Saunders, C. 1977. Madolo: a Bushman life. African Studies 36: 145154.Google Scholar
Schapera, I. 1930. The Khoisan peoples of South Africa. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Scherz, E. R. 1970. Felsbilder in Südwest-Afrika. Teil I: Die Gravierungen im Südwest-Afrika ohne den Nordwesten des Landes. Cologne: Fundamenta.Google Scholar
Scherz, E. R. 1975. Felsbilder in Südwest-Afrika. Teil II: Die Gravierungen im Südwest-Afrikas. Cologne: Fundamenta.Google Scholar
Schlebusch, C. M., Skoglund, P., Sjödin, P., Gattepaille, L. M., Hernandez, D., Jay, F., Li, S., De Jongh, M., Singleton, A., Blum, M. G. B., Soodyall, H., and Jakobsson, M. 2012. Genomic variation in seven Koe-San groups reveals adaptation and complex African history. Science 338: 374379.Google Scholar
Schmidt, K. 2006. Sie bauten die ersten Tempel: das rätscelhafte Heiligtum der Steinzeitjäger. Munich: C. H. Beck.Google Scholar
Schoeman, K. 1997. A debt of gratitude: Lucy Lloyd and the ‘Bushman work’ of G. W. Stow. Cape Town: South African Library.Google Scholar
Schweitzer, P. P., Biesele, M., and Hitchcock, R. R. (eds.) 2000. Hunter-gatherers in the modern world: conflict, resistance and self-determination. New York: Berghahn.Google Scholar
Seddon, D. 1978. Relations of production: Marxist approaches to economic anthropology. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Selous, F. C. 1893. Travel and adventure in south-east Africa. London: Rowland Ward.Google Scholar
Shanks, M., and Tilley, C. 1987. Re-constructing archaeology: theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shanon, B. 2002. The antipodes of the mind: charting the phenomenology of the ayahuasca experience. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shaw, B. [1820] 1970. Memorials of South Africa. Cape Town: Struik.Google Scholar
Shennan, S. 2002. Genes, memes and human history: Darwinian archaeology and cultural evolution. London Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Shortridge, G. C. 1934. The mammals of South West Africa. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Shostak, M. 1981. Nisa: the life and words of a !Kung woman. London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar
Siegel, R. K. 1977. Hallucinations. Scientific American 237: 132140.Google Scholar
Siegel, R. K. 2005. Intoxication: the universal drive for mind-altering substances. Rochester, VT: Park Street Press.Google Scholar
Siegel, R. K., and Jarvik, M. E. 1975. Drug induced hallucinations in animals and man. In Siegel, R. K., and West, L. J. (eds.) Hallucinations: behavior, experience and theory. New York: Wiley, pp. 81161.Google Scholar
Silberbauer, G. B. 1965. Report to the Government of Bechuanaland on the Bushman survey. Gaberones: Bechuanaland GovernmentGoogle Scholar
Silberbauer, G. B. 1981. Hunter and habitat in the central Kalahari Desert. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Simner, J. 2012. Defining synaesthesia. British Journal of Psychology 103(6): 115.Google Scholar
Skotnes, P. 1994. The visual as a site of meaning: San parietal painting and the experience of modern art. In Dowson, T. A., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. (eds.) Contested images: diversity in southern African rock art research. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 315329.Google Scholar
Skotnes, P. 1996. Miscast: negotiating the presence of the Bushmen. University of Cape Town Press.Google Scholar
Skotnes, P. 2007. Claim to the country: the archive of Wilhelm Bleek and Lucy Lloyd. Cape Town: Jacana; Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Skotnes, P. 2008. Unconquerable spirit: George Stow’s history paintings of the San. Johannesburg: Jacana.Google Scholar
Smith, B. W. 2010. Envisioning San history: problems in the reading of history in the rock art of the Maloti-Drakensberg mountains of South Africa. African Studies 69: 346359.Google Scholar
Smith, B. W., Lewis-Williams, J. D., Blundell, G., and Chippindale, C. 2000. Archaeology and symbolism in the new South Africa. Antiquity 74: 467468.Google Scholar
Smits, L. G. A. 1967. Fishing scenes from Botsabelo, Lesotho. South African Archaeological Bulletin 22: 6072.Google Scholar
Smits, L. G. A. 1971. The rock paintings of Lesotho, their content and characteristics. South African Journal of Science Special Publication 2: 1419.Google Scholar
Smits, L. G. A. 1983. Rock paintings in Lesotho: site characteristics. South African Archaeological Bulletin 38: 6276.Google Scholar
Soffer, O., and Conkey, M. W. 1997. Studying ancient visual cultures. In Conkey, M. W., Soffer, O., Stratmann, D., and Jablonski, N. G. (eds.) Beyond art: Pleistocene image and symbol. San Francisco: Memoirs of the California Academy of Science, no. 23, pp. 116.Google Scholar
Solomon, A. 1992. Gender, representation, and power in San ethnography and rock art. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 11: 291329.Google Scholar
Solomon, A. 1994. Mythic women: a study of variability in San rock art and narrative. In Lewis-Williams, J. D., and Dowson, T. A. (eds.) Contested images: diversity in southern African rock art research. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 331371.Google Scholar
Solomon, A. 1997. The myth of ritual origins: ethnography, mythology, and interpretation in San rock art. South African Archaeological Bulletin 52: 313.Google Scholar
Solomon, A. 2009. Broken strings: interdisciplinarity and /Xam oral literature. Critical Arts 23: 2641.Google Scholar
Solway, J., and Lee, R. B. 1990. Comments on Wilmsen and Denbow’s ‘Paradigmatic history of San-speaking peoples and current attempts at revision. Current Anthropology 31: 513514.Google Scholar
Sparrman, A. 1789. A voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, 2 vols. London: Lackington.Google Scholar
Spencer, B., and Gillen, F. J. 1899. The native tribes of central Australia. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Spohr, O. H. 1962. Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel Bleek: a bio-bibliographic sketch. University of Cape Town Libraries.Google Scholar
Stanford, W. E. 1910. The statement of Silayi with reference to his life among Bushmen. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 1: 435440.Google Scholar
Stanford, W. E. 1962. The reminiscences of Sir Walter Stanford (ed. Macquarrie, J. W.). Cape Town: van Riebeeck Society.Google Scholar
Stevenson-Hamilton, J. 1912. Animal life in Africa. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Steyn, H. P. 1971. Aspects of the economic life of some Nharo Bushman groups. Annals of the South African Museum 56(6): 275322.Google Scholar
Stow, G. W. 1905. The native races of South Africa: a history of the intrusion of the Hottentots and Bantu into the hunting grounds of the Bushmen, the aborigines of the country. London: Swan Sonnenschein.Google Scholar
Stow, G. W., and Bleek, D. F. 1930. Rock paintings in South Africa: from parts of the Eastern Province and Orange Free State. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Suzman, J. 2001. Indigenous wrongs and human rights: national policy, international resolutions and the status of the San of southern Africa. In Barnard, A., and Kenrick, J. (eds.) Africa’s Indigenous Peoples: ‘First Peoples’ or ‘Marginalized Minorities’? University of Edinburgh, Centre of African Studies, pp. 273297.Google Scholar
Suzman, J. 2017. Affluence without abundance: the disappearing world of the Bushmen. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Swart, J. 2004. Rock art sequences in the uKhalamba-Drakensberg Park, South Africa. Southern African Humanities 16: 1335.Google Scholar
Sylvain, R. 2005. Disorderly development: globalization and the idea of ‘culture’ in the Kalahari. American Ethnologist 32: 354370.Google Scholar
Taçon, P. S. C. 2001. Australia. In Whitley, D. S. (ed.) Handbook of rock art research. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, pp. 530575.Google Scholar
Taçon, P. S. C., and Chippindale, C. 1998. An archaeology of rock-art through informed and formal methods. In Chippindale, C., and Taçon, P. S. C. (eds.) The archaeology of rock-art. Cambridge University Press, pp. 110.Google Scholar
Tanaka, J. 1969. The ecology and social structure of central Kalahari Bushmen: a preliminary report. Kyoto University African Studies 3: 120.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. J. 2007. Celebrating San victory too soon? Reflections on the outcome of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve case. Anthropology Today 23(5): 35.Google Scholar
Thackeray, A. I., Thackeray, J. F., Beaumont, P. B., and Vogel, J. C. 1981. Dated rock engravings from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa. Science 214: 6467.Google Scholar
Thackeray, J. F. 2005. Eland, hunters and concepts of ‘sympathetic control’ expressed in southern African rock art. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15: 2734.Google Scholar
Thompson, G. 1827. Travels and Adventures in Southern Africa. London: Colburn.Google Scholar
Thompson, G. 2010. Into the light: an attempt to illuminate aspects of southern African and western European prehistoric art. The Digging Stick 27(3): 77.Google Scholar
Thornton, R. 2014. The foundation of African studies: Wilhelm Bleek’s African linguistics and the first ethnographers of southern Africa. In Deacon, J., and Skottnes, P. (eds.) The courage of ||kabbo: celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the publication of Specimens of Bushman folklore. University of Cape Town Press, pp. 99117.Google Scholar
Thorp, C. 2018. Thoughts on ‘thinking strings’. Southern African Humanities 31: 7992.Google Scholar
Tilley, C. 1989. Archaeology as socio-political action in the present. In Pinsay, V., and Wylie, A. (eds.) Critical traditions in contemporary archaeology. Cambridge University Press, pp. 104116.Google Scholar
Tindall, H. 1856. Two lectures on Great Namaqualand and its inhabitants. Cape Town: Pike.Google Scholar
Tongue, H. 1909. Bushman paintings. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Traill, A. 1978. The languages of the Bushmen. In Tobias, P. V. (ed.) The Bushmen: San hunters and herders of southern Africa. Cape Town: Human and Rousseau, pp. 137147.Google Scholar
Trigger, B. G. 2006. A history of archaeological thought. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, V. 1967. The forest of symbols: aspects of Ndembu ritual. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Ucko, P. J., and Rosenfeld, A. 1967. Palaeolithic cave art. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Vaitl, D., Gruzelier, J., Jamieson, G. A., Lehmann, D., Ott, U., Sammer, G., Strehl, U., Birbaumer, N., Kotchoubey, B., Kübler, A., Miltner, W. H. R., Pütz, P., Strauch, I., and Wackermann, J. 2005. Psychobiology of altered states of consciousness. Psychological Bulletin 131: 98127.Google Scholar
Valiente-Noailles, C. 1993. The Kua: life and soul of the central Kalahari Bushmen. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
Van der Post, L. 1962. The lost world of the Kalahari. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Van der Riet, J., van der Riet, M., and Bleek, D. F. 1940. More rock-paintings in South Africa from the coastal belt between Albany and Piquetberg. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Van Riet Lowe, C. 1952. The distribution of prehistoric rock engravings and paintings in South Africa. Johannesburg: Archaeological Survey.Google Scholar
Veeser, H. A. (ed.) 1989. The New Historicism. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Vermeylen, S. 2010. Law as narrative: legal pluralism and resisting Euro-American (intellectual) property law through stories. Journal of Legal Pluralism 61: 5378.Google Scholar
Vinnicombe, P. 1960. A fishing scene from the Tsoelike River, south eastern Basutoland. South African Archaeological Bulletin 15: 1519.Google Scholar
Vinnicombe, P. 1967. Rock painting analysis. South African Archaeological Bulletin 22: 129141.Google Scholar
Vinnicombe, P. 1972b. Motivation in African rock art. Antiquity 46: 124133.Google Scholar
Vinnicombe, P. 1972a. Myth, motive and selection in southern African rock art. Africa 42: 192204.Google Scholar
Vinnicombe, P. 1975. The ritual significance of eland (Taurotragus oryx) in the rock art of southern Africa. In Anati, E. (ed.) Les religions de la Préhistoire. Capo de Ponte (Brescia): Centro Camuno di Studi Preistorci, pp. 379400.Google Scholar
Vinnicombe, P. 1976. People of the eland: rock paintings of the Drakensberg Bushmen as a reflection of their life and thought. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.Google Scholar
Vitebsky, P. 1995. The shaman: voyages of the soul, trance, ecstasy and healing from Siberia to the Amazon. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
von Wielligh, G. R. 2017. Bushman stories. Cape Town: !Khwa ttu and Mantis Book.Google Scholar
Walker, N., 1996. The painted hills: rock art of the Matopos. Gweru: Mambo Press.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, I. 1974. The modern world-system. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ward, V. 1997. A century of change: rock art deterioration in the Natal Drakensberg, South Africa. Natal Museum Journal of Humanities 9: 7597.Google Scholar
Ward, V., and Maggs, T. 1994. Changing appearances: a comparison between early copies and the present state of rock paintings from the Natal Drakensberg as an indication of rock deterioration. Natal Museum Journal of Humanities 6: 153178.Google Scholar
Watts, I. 2002. Ochre in the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa: ritualized display or hide preservation? South African Archaeological Bulletin 57: 114.Google Scholar
Weintroub, J. 2015. Dorothea Bleek: a life of scholarship. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Wells, L. H. 1933. The archaeology of Cathkin Park. Bantu Studies 7: 113129.Google Scholar
Werner, A. 1908. Bushman paintings. Journal of the Royal African Society 7: 387393.Google Scholar
Wessels, M. 2010. Bushman letters: interpreting /Xam narrative. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Whitelaw, G. 2009. ‘Their village is where they kill game’: Nguni interactions with the San. In Mitchell, P., and Smith, B. (eds.) The eland’s people: new perspectives in the rock art of the Maloti-Drakensberg Bushmen. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 139163.Google Scholar
Whitelaw, G. 2017. ‘Only fatness will bring rain’: agriculturalist rainmaking and hunter-gatherers. Southern African Humanities 30: 101124.Google Scholar
Whitley, D. S. 2000. The art of the shaman: rock art of California. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.Google Scholar
Whitley, D. S. 2005a. Introduction to rock art research. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.Google Scholar
Whitley, D. S. 2005b. Review: ‘Aesthetics and rock art’ by T. Heyd and J. Clegg. Before Farming 3: article 4. Online.Google Scholar
Whitley, J. 2002. Too many ancestors. Antiquity 76: 119126.Google Scholar
Widdicombe, J. 1891. Fourteen Years in Basutoland. London: The Church Printing Company.Google Scholar
Wiessner, P. 1977. Hxaro: a regional system of reciprocity among the !Kung San for reducing risk. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Wiessner, P., and Larson, F. T. 1979. ‘Mother! Sing loudly for me!’: the annotated dialogue of a Basarwa healer in trance. Botswana Notes and Records 11: 2531.Google Scholar
Willcox, A. R., 1956. Rock paintings of the Drakensberg. London: Parish.Google Scholar
Willcox, A. R., 1963. The rock art of South Africa. Johannesburg: Nelson.Google Scholar
Willcox, A. R., 1984a. The Drakensberg Bushmen and their art. Winterton: Drakensberg Publications.Google Scholar
Willcox, A. R., 1984b. Meanings and motives in San rock art – the views of W. D. Hammond-Tooke and J. D. Lewis-Williams considered. South African Archaeological Bulletin 39: 5357.Google Scholar
Willcox, A. R., 1984c. The rock art of Africa. Johannesburg: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Wilman, M. 1933. The rock engravings of Griqualand West and Bechuanaland, South Africa. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wilmsen, E. N. 1989. Land filled with flies: a political economy of the Kalahari. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, M. 1969. The Nguni people. In Wilson, M., and Thompson, L. (eds.) The Oxford history of South Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 75130.Google Scholar
Winkelman, M., and Dobkin de Rios, M. 1989. Psychoactive properties of !Kung Bushmen medicine plants. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 21: 5159.Google Scholar
Wintjes, J., 2011. A pictorial genealogy: the rainmaking group from Sehonghong Shelter. Southern African Humanities 23(1): 1754.Google Scholar
Wintjes, J., 2013. The Frobenius expedition to Natal and the Cinyati archive. Southern African Humanities 25(1): 167205.Google Scholar
Wintjes, J., 2014. Icons and archives: the Orpen lithograph in the context of 19th-century depictions of rock paintings. Critical Arts 28(4): 689709.Google Scholar
Woodhouse, H. C. 1975. Enigmatic line feature in the rock paintings of southern Africa. South African Journal of Science 71: 121125.Google Scholar
Woodhouse, H. C. 1976. Themes in the rock art of southern Africa. Johannesburg: Institute for the Study of Man in Africa, Paper 28.Google Scholar
Woodhouse, H. C. 1992. The rain and its creatures as the Bushmen painted them. Rivonia: William Waterman Publications.Google Scholar
Wright, J. B. 1971. Bushman raiders of the Drakensberg, 1840–1870: a study of their conflict with stock-keeping peoples in Natal. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.Google Scholar
Wright, J. B. 2007. Bushman raiders revisited. In Skotnes, P. (ed.) Claim to the country: the archive of Lucy Lloyd and Wilhelm Bleek. Cape Town: Jacana, pp. 118129.Google Scholar
Wright, J. B. 2016. Two lives in context: Qing and Orpen to 1874. In de Prada-Samper, J. M., du Plessis, M., Hollmann, J., Weintroub, J., Wintjes, J., and Wright, J. (eds.) On the trail of Qing and Orpen. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 1327.Google Scholar
Wright, J. B., and Mazel, A. D. 2007. Tracks in a mountain range: exploring the history of the uKhahamba-Drakensberg. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.Google Scholar
Wylde, A. 1994. My chief and I, or six months in Natal after the Langalibele outbreak and Five years later, a sequel. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.Google Scholar
Wylie, A. 2002. Thinking from things: essays in the philosophy of archaeology. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Yates, R., and Manhire, A. 1991. Shamanism and rock paintings: aspects of the use of rock art in the south-western Cape, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin 46: 311.Google Scholar
Yates, R., Golson, J., and Hall, M. 1985. Trance performance: the rock art of Boontjieskloof and Sevilla. South African Archaeological Bulletin 40: 7080.Google Scholar
Yates, R., Parkington, J., and Manhire, T. 1990. Pictures from the past: a history of the interpretation of rock paintings and engravings of southern Africa. Pietermaritzburg: Centaur.Google Scholar
Yates, R., Manhire, A., and Parkington, J. 1994. Rock paintings and history in the south-western Cape. In Dowson, T., and Lewis-Williams, J. D. (eds.) Contested images: diversity in southern African rock art research. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, pp. 2960.Google Scholar
Young, R. B. 1908. The life and work of George William Stow. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×