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DE ARTICULO.
§ 115. Articulus ferè additur Nominibus demonetrationis, distinctionis, eminentiæ gratiâ, interdum etiam irrisionis; ut
ὁ ἄνθρωπος, homo, is sc. quem scis, vel de quo dicitur.
οἱ ἄνθρωποι, homines, sc. genus humanum, non belluœ.
τὸ ὰγαθόν, summum bonum. οἱ πολλοί, plerique.
ἣ τοῦ καλοῦ προὔθανεν νεανίου,
quœ pro te pulcro scilicet adolescentulo mortua est.
Eur. Alcest. 714.
Obs. 1. Articulus etiam Propriis Nominibus, iisque quæ materiam, aut notionem, quæ dicitur, abstractam significant, præponi solet; ut
δ Σωκράτης, αἱ ʾΑθῆναι; ὁ χρυσός, ἡ φιλία.
Quod si Nomini Proprio aliud nomen apponitur, omittitur Articulus; ut Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος, Socrates ille Philosophus.
Obs. 2. Articulus sæpe vice fungitur Pronominis Possessivi; ut ἄδικον τὸ λυπεȋν τοὺς φίλους ἑκουσίως,
amicos tuos sponte lædere injustum est. Gnom. Mouost. 510.
Obs. 3. Articulus interdum distributioni inservit; ut
ὁ Κῦρος ὑπισχνεȋται ἡμιόλιον πᾶσι δώσειν οὗ πρότερον ἔφερον, ἀντὶ δαρεικοῦ τρία ἡμιδαρεικὰ τοῦ μηνὸς τῷ στρατιώτῃ, Cyrus se stipendii, quod prius ferebant, sesquiplum omnibus daturum pollicetur, nimirum pro darico tres dimidiatos daricos singulis in mensem militibus. Xen. Anab. i. iii. 21.
§ 116. Articulus præpositus distinguit Subjectum a Prœdicato; ut
νὺξ ἡ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο, dies factus est nox. Herod. i. 102.
Obs. 1. Interdum tumen omittitur Articulus ante Subjectum; ut
οὐκ ἄρα σωφροσύνη ἄν εἴη αἰδώς, ergo temperantia pudor non erit. Plat. Charm. 161 A.
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