Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T15:49:29.229Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - Introduction: forging global accountabilities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2009

Edward Weisband
Affiliation:
Chair Professorship Department of Political Science Virginia Tech
Alnoor Ebrahim
Affiliation:
Associate Professor Harvard University
Alnoor Ebrahim
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Edward Weisband
Affiliation:
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Get access

Summary

Accountability is a confusing term, one that readily confounds efforts at precise definition or application. On one hand, its implementation is regarded as a kind of panacea with respect to the need to prevent and, whenever necessary, to punish unethical, illegal, or inappropriate behavior by public officials, corporate executives and nonprofit leaders. The refrain is by now familiar: act against sham deals, accounting tricks, securities fraud, personal use of charitable and public funds, exchange of political favors and monies, and so on. The “problematics” of accountability are accordingly framed in terms that underscore the ever-present risks of deliberate malfeasance perpetrated by individuals acting to aggrandize themselves. The commonly espoused “solution” is predictable: better oversight through tougher regulation, combined with harsh penalties as a deterrent. The magic wand of accountability is similarly seen to be at play in instances of global and state governance, where it is regarded as a supervening force able to promote democracy, justice, and greater human decency through the mechanisms of transparency, benchmarked standards, and enforcement.

In recent years, however, the analytical domains of accountability have become so extended that the very precision once conveyed by the concept has become eroded. This has generated widespread concern that the term will become devalued or incapacitated through overuse. “Appropriated by a myriad of international donor and academic discourses,” write Newell and Bellour (2002, p. 2), “accountability has become a malleable and often nebulous concept, with connotations that change with the context and agenda.

Type
Chapter
Information
Global Accountabilities
Participation, Pluralism, and Public Ethics
, pp. 1 - 24
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Braithwaite, J. and Drahos, P. (2000) Global Business Regulation. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Burchell, G., Gordon, C. and Miller, P. (eds.) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. University of Chicago.CrossRef
Chisolm, L. B. (1995) “Accountability of Nonprofit Organizations and Those Who Control Them: The Legal Framework,” Nonprofit Management and Leadership 6(2), 141–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarkson, M. B. E. (1995) “A Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Performance,” Academy of Management Review 20(1), 92–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cnaan, R. (1996) “Commentary,” Nonprofit Management and Leadership 7(2), 221–5.Google Scholar
Coleman, W. D. and Porter, T. (2000) “International Institutions, Globalisation and Democracy: Assessing the Challenges,” Global Society 14(3), 377–98.Google Scholar
Dahl, R. A. (1999) “Can International Organizations be Democractic? A Skeptic's View,” in Shapiro, I. and Hacker-Cordon, C. (eds.) Democracy's Edges. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, P. and Klein, R. (1987) Accountabilities: Five Public Services. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Dobel, J. P. (1999) Public Integrity. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Dubnick, M. J. (1998) “Clarifying Accountability: An Ethical Theory Framework,” in Public Sector Ethics: Finding and Implementing Values. NSW, Australia: The Federation Press/Routledge.Google Scholar
Dubnick, M. J. (2002) “Seeking Salvation for Accountability,” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, MA (29 August–1 September).
Dubnick, M. J. and J. B. Justice (2004) “Accounting for Accountability,” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago (2–5 September).
Edwards, M. and Hulme, D. (1996) “Too Close for Comfort? The Impact of Official Aid on Nongovernmental Organizations,” World Development 24(6), 961–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, P. N. (1996) The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Finer, H. (1941) “Administrative Responsibility and Democratic Government,” Public Administration Review 1, 335–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, M. (1991) “Governmentality,” in Burchell, G., Gordon, C., and Miller, P. (eds.) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. University of Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, J. A. and Brown, L. D. (eds.) (1998) The Struggle for Accountability: The World Bank, NGOs, and Grassroots Movements. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, R. E. (1984) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.Google Scholar
Friedrich, C. J. (1940) “Public Policy and the Nature of Administrative Responsibility,” in Friedrich, C. J. and Mason, E. S. (eds.) Public Policy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 3–24.Google Scholar
Gardner, K. and Lewis, D. (1996) Anthropology, Development and the Post-Modern Challenge. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Gibelman, M. and Gelman, S. R. (2001) “Very Public Scandals: Nongovernmental Organizations in Trouble,” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 12(1), 49–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goetz, A. M. and R. Jenkins (2002) “Voice, Accountability and Human Development: The Emergence of a New Agenda,” Background paper for the Human Development Report 2002. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
Grant, R. W. and R. O. Keohane (2004) “Accountability and Abuses of Power, in World Politics,” International Law and Justice Working Paper. Institute for International Law and Justice, New York University School of Law.
Gundlach, M. J., Douglas, S. C. and Martinko, M. J. (2003) “The Decision to Blow the Whistle: A Social Information Processing Framework,” Academy of Management Review 28(1), 107–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halal, W. E. (2001) “The Collaborative Enterprise: A Stakeholder Model Uniting Profitability and Responsibility,” Journal of Corporate Citizenship 1(2), 27–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannan, M. T. and Freeman, J. (1989) Organizational Ecology. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University.Google Scholar
Herz, S. and A. Ebrahim (2005) A Call for Participatory Decision Making: Discussion Paper on World Bank–Civil Society Engagement. Civil Society Members of the World Bank–Civil Society Joint Facilitation Committee (JFC): ActionAid International, Amnesty International, Association for Women's Rights in Development, Caribbean Policy Development Centre, CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, Europe and Central Asia NGO Working Group, Global Movement for Children, InterAction, International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, Transparency International, World Confederation of Labour, World Conference of Religions for Peace, World Council of Churches, WWF: The International Conservation Organization, World Young Women's Christian Association, Worldwide Initiatives for Grantmaker Support. Available at www.civicus.org/new/media_World_ Bank_Civil_Society_Discussion_Paper_FINAL_VERSION.pdf and at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/CSO/Resources/World_Bank_Civil_Society_Discussion_Paper_FINAL_VERSION.pdf.
Hudock, A. (1999) NGOs and Civil Society: Democracy by Proxy?Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hummels, H. (1998) “Organizing Ethics: A Stakeholder Debate,” Journal of Business Ethics 17, 1403–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jawahar, I. M. and McLaughlin, G. L. (2001) “Toward a Descriptive Stakeholder Theory: An Organizational Life Cycle Approach,” Academy of Management Review 26(3), 397–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapur, D. (2002) “The Changing Anatomy of Governance of the World Bank,” in Pincus, J. R. and Winters, J. A. (eds.) Reinventing the World Bank. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kearns, K. P. (1996) Managing for Accountability: Preserving the Public Trust in Nonprofit Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Lerner, J. S. and Tetlock, P. E. (1999) “Accounting for the Effects of Accountability,” Psychological Bulletin 125(2), 255–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindenberg, M. and Bryant, C. (2001) Going Global: Transforming Relief and Development NGOs. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.Google Scholar
Mulgan, R. (2000) “‘Accountability’: An Ever-Expanding Concept?,” Public Administration 78(3), 555–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulgan, R. (2003) Holding Power to Account: Accountability in Modern Democracies. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Najam, A. (1996) “NGO Accountability: A Conceptual Framework,” Development Policy Review 14, 339–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, P. and S. Bellour (2002) “Mapping Accountability: Origins, Contexts and Implications for Development,” IDS Working Paper 168. Sussex: Institute of Development Studies.
Nye, J. S. (2001) “Globalization's Democratic Deficit: How to Make International Institutions More Accountable,” Foreign Affairs 80(4 (July/August)), 2–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oakerson, R. J. (1989) “Governance Structures for Enhancing Accountability and Responsiveness,” in Perry, J. L. (ed.) Handbook of Public Administration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, p. 114.Google Scholar
O'Neill, O. (2002) A Question of Trust: The BBC Reith Lectures 2002. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G. R. (1974) “Organizational Decision Making as a Political Process: The Case of the University Budget,” Administrative Science Quarterly 19(2 [June]), 135–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G. R. (1978) The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Romzek, B. S. (2000) “Dynamics of Public Sector Accountability in an Era of Reform,” International Review of Administrative Sciences 66(1), 21–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schedler, A. (1999) “Conceptualizing Accountability”, in Schedler, A., Diamond, L. and Plattner, M. F. (eds.) The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Smith, S. R. (1999) “Government Financing of Nonprofit Activity,” in Boris, E. T. and Steuerle, C. E. (eds.) Nonprofits and Government: Collaboration and Conflict. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, pp. 177–210.Google Scholar
Soule, E. (2002) “Managerial Moral Strategies – In Search of a Few Good Principles,” Academy of Management Review 27(1), 114–24.Google Scholar
Weaver, G. R. and Agle, B. R. (2002) “Religiosity and Ethical Behavior in Organizations: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective,” Academy of Management Review 27(1), 77–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, D. and Sillanpää, M. (1997) The Stakeholder Corporation: The Body Shop Blueprint for Maximizing Stakeholder Value. London: Pitman.Google Scholar
Wicks, A. C., Gilbert, D. R. and Freeman, R. E. (1994) “A Feminist Reinterpretation of the Stakeholder Concept,” Business Ethics Quarterly 4(4), 475–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, N. (2001) “Making the IMF and the World Bank More Accountable,” International Affairs (January).
Woods, N. (undated) “Accountability, Governance, and Reform in the International Financial Institutions,” unpublished paper.
Young, D. R., Bania, N. and Bailey, D. (1996) “Structure and Accountability: A Study of National Nonprofit Associations,” Nonprofit Management and Leadership 6(4), 347–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zadek, S., Pruzan, P. and Evans, R. (1997) Building Corporate Accountability. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×